本篇使用Python Web框架Django连接和操作MySQL数据库学生信息管理系统(SMS),主要包含对学生信息增删改查功能,旨在快速入门Python Web,少走弯路。效果演示在项目实战最后一节,文章结尾有整个项目的源码地址。
项目创建后确认是否已安装Django和mysqlclient解释器,如何确认?file->Settings
如果没有请在Terminal终端输入以下命令完成安装
pip install django
pip install mysqlclient
如果在执行pip install 报错Read time out请设置延长下超时时间,默认15s,网络不好情况下很易超时
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U django
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U mysqlclient
参数-U是–upgrade简写,把安装的包升级到最新版本
打开Pycharm的Terminal终端,输入以下命令创建sims应用
python manage.py startapp sims
应用创建后要在项目的settings.py文件里的INSTALLED_APPS下面添加smis完成应用注册
在本地MySQL创建sms数据库,修改项目的settings连接信息由默认的sqlite修改为MySQL
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'sms',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306
}
}
测试连接,依次点击Pycharm右上角的Database->±>Data Source->MySQL
下载连接驱动和配置数据库连接信息
点击Test Connection测试连接,连接通过点击OK出现如下的结构信息表示连接本地MySQL成功
在应用sims下models.py添加Student模型
class Student(models.Model):
student_no = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
student_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
Terminal终端输入以下两条命令,其作用第一条生成文件记录模型的变化;第二条是将模型变化同步至数据库,我们可以在数据库生成对应的表结构。
python manage.py makemigrations sims
python manage.py migrate sims
本质可以理解请求路径url和处理方法的映射配置,首先在项目sms的urls.py文件中添加sims的路由配置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^sims/', include('sims.urls'))
]
然后在sims添加一个名为urls.py的文件,添加路由配置如下
# coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index),
url(r'^add/$', views.add),
url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),
url(r'^delete/$', views.delete)
]
在应用sims的视图层文件views.py添加对应学生信息增删改查的处理函数,这里我使用的原生SQL,便于深入理解其执行过程。后面有时间我会在github上添加Django框架提供的操作数据库方式。
import MySQLdb
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
# Create your views here.
# 学生信息列表处理函数
def index(request):
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student")
students = cursor.fetchall()
return render(request, 'student/index.html', {
'students': students})
# 学生信息新增处理函数
def add(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'student/add.html')
else:
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO sims_student (student_no,student_name) "
"values (%s,%s)", [student_no, student_name])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息修改处理函数
def edit(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
id = request.GET.get("id")
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student where id =%s", [id])
student = cursor.fetchone()
return render(request, 'student/edit.html', {
'student': student})
else:
id = request.POST.get("id")
student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')
student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("UPDATE sims_student set student_no=%s,student_name=%s where id =%s",
[student_no, student_name, id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
# 学生信息删除处理函数
def delete(request):
id = request.GET.get("id")
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')
with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM sims_student WHERE id =%s", [id])
conn.commit()
return redirect('../')
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生列表title>
head>
<body>
<table border="1px" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<a href="../sims/add">添加学生a>
<tr>
<th>编号th>
<th>姓名th>
<th>学号th>
<th>操作th>
tr>
{% for student in students %}
<tr>
<td align="center">{
{ forloop.counter }} td>
<td align="center">{
{ student.student_name }} td>
<td align="center">{
{ student.student_no }} td>
<td align="center">
<a href="../sims/edit/?id={
{ student.id }}">
编辑
a>
<a href="../sims/delete/?id={
{ student.id }}">
删除
a>
td>
tr>
{% endfor %}
table>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生添加title>
<style>
form {
margin: 20px auto;
width: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 20px
}
style>
head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../add/">
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<tr>
<th>姓名th>
<td><input name="student_name">td>
tr>
<tr>
<th>学号th>
<td><input name="student_no"/>td>
tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit"/>
td>
tr>
table>
form>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生编辑title>
<style>
form {
margin: 20px auto;
width: 500px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 20px
}
style>
head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../edit/">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{
{ student.id }}"/>
<table>
<tr>
<th>姓名th>
<td><input name="student_name" value="{
{ student.student_name }}">td>
tr>
<tr>
<th>学号th>
<td><input name="student_no" value="{
{ student.student_no }}"/>td>
tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<input type="submit"/>
td>
tr>
table>
form>
body>
html>
Terminal终端输入以下命令启动web服务
python manage.py runserver
服务启动后,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/sims/即可进入学生信息管理列表页
最后最重要的事情,看效果。我这里简单演示下,话不多说,看动态图
至此,基于Python+Django+MySQL环境搭建一个拥有增删改查功能的Python Web就完成了。希望能够真正帮到大家快速入门Python Web开发。如果在搭建过程中您有遇到什么问题,欢迎在下方留言,看到我会立即回复的!可以的话给个关注哦,谢谢您!
最后附上项目整个源码的github仓库地址 https://github.com/hxrui/python-diango-web.git,欢迎star交流学习。