计算虚拟化与云计算_虚拟化原理如何帮助您理解云计算

计算虚拟化与云计算

One hundred thirty-one billion dollars. This is the turnover of the worldwide market for public cloud services that have been provided in 2013. According to a report by Gartner, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) represent the fastest growing segment, growing by 47.3% year on year, the concept of cloud computing

1,310亿美元。 这是2013年提供的全球公共云服务市场的营业额。根据Gartner的报告，基础架构即服务(IaaS)代表了增长最快的细分市场，同比增长47.3％。云计算

This is the segment of the advertising based on cloud computing, which would have constituted the largest portion of the market for public IT cloud services in 2013 (48%). Service Cloud Processes (Platform as a Service or PaaS) is the second largest of the total market (28%) segment, followed by the (Software as a Service or SaaS ) (14, 7%), the Service Infrastructure (Infrastructure as a Service or  IaaS) (5.5%), cloud services management and security (2.8%) and the Service Platform ( IT Process as a Service or IPaaS) (1%).

这是基于云计算的广告的一部分，该部分将在2013年构成公共IT云服务市场的最大部分(48％)。 服务云进程(平台即服务或PaaS的) 是第二大的总市场(28％)链段，然后是(软件即服务或SaaS)的(14，7％)，服务基础设施的(基础设施服务或IaaS)(5.5％)，云服务管理和安全性(2.8％)以及服务平台( IT流程即服务或IPaaS)(1％)。

It is no longer a secret that cloud computing offers many opportunities for IT management, but we still have to understand and recognize the benefit that is related to each.

云计算为IT管理提供了许多机会已不再是秘密，但我们仍然必须了解并认识到与每种技术相关的收益。

Put yourself in a situation: You are working in the field of your boss and information technologies you entrust the mission to find the perfect formula for deployment for the management of IT as a service organization. By bad luck, you have not opened a trade magazine for several years and so far, the opportunity has not presented for your interest in cloud. Virtualization, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, how you navigate?

陷入困境：您正在老板和信息技术领域工作，您委托任务来寻找用于IT即服务组织管理的完美部署方案。 不幸的是，您已经几年没有开过贸易杂志了，到目前为止，您对云的兴趣还没有出现。 虚拟化，SaaS，PaaS，IaaS，您如何导航？

Here is an overview of the forms of “services” that we declined twofold.

这是我们拒绝接受的“服务”形式的概述。

虚拟化是云的起源， (Virtualisation is the genesis of cloud,)

To understand the cloud, we must go back to its origin: Virtualisation.

要了解云，我们必须回到云的起源：虚拟化。

Historically, computer systems were installed on servers, kind of powerful computers that were manufactured to be installed in special shelters called Datacentres.

过去，计算机系统是安装在服务器上的，服务器是一种功能强大的计算机，专门安装在称为“数据中心”的特殊庇护所中。

In the beginning the physical server works on a thumb rule: an application, an operating system, a server hardware. But now, experts have found a physical server,  on average,  was used only 15% or 20% of its total capacity. So 80% to 85% of capacity of a machine were thrown into the dustbin!

首先，物理服务器根据经验法则工作：应用程序，操作系统，服务器硬件。 但是现在，专家发现，物理服务器平均仅使用了其总容量的15％或20％。 因此，机器容量的80％到85％被扔进了垃圾箱！

Meanwhile, the server continues to cost 100% in maintenance costs and energy consumption. To this must be added the cumbersome procedures: any additional memory or disk space required intervention directly on the hardware, which stopped working during this time. It was neither optimized nor environmentally friendly. In some cases, choose a physical server was a bit like flying alone on a plane with more than 200 seats!

同时，服务器继续在维护成本和能耗上花费100％。 此外，还必须添加繁琐的过程：任何额外的内存或磁盘空间都需要直接对硬件进行干预，在此期间该硬件停止了工作。 它既没有优化也没有环保。 在某些情况下，选择一台物理服务器有点像独自一人乘坐200个座位以上的飞机！

What if we could optimize the use of resources of a machine (CPU, memory, storage, network) in order to make the investment profitable by not deploying a single operation and more than one application system? You immediately enter the primary interest of virtualization, you are good managers!

如果我们可以优化机器资源(CPU，内存，存储设备，网络)的使用，从而通过不部署单个操作和多个应用程序系统而使投资获利，该怎么办？ 您立即进入了虚拟化的主要兴趣，您是优秀的经理！

The term “virtualisation” is pretty self explanatory: this technique is to virtualizing which is in physical form. We are not talking here to the physical element disappear completely, but rather to use it as the base to leverage.

术语“ 虚拟化 ”很容易说明：这种技术是对物理形式的虚拟化 。 在这里，我们并不是在谈论物理元素完全消失，而是要以它为基础加以利用。

That’s a switch from using a scooter (only you enjoy the machine to move) to that of an SUV with eight seats, in which everyone takes advantage of its power. So, you work eight times harder!

这是从使用踏板车(只有您喜欢机器移动)到具有八个座位的SUV的切换，每个人都可以利用它的动力。 因此，您的工作量增加了八倍！

This transformation is performed by means of a software layer installed on the physical machine called “hypervisor.” With this hypervisor, it is possible to create multiple virtual servers within a single physical server. These servers are called “virtual machines” (VM) simultaneously share the physical server capacity – or the physical machine – on which they are installed.

这种转换是通过安装在物理机上的称为“ 虚拟机监控程序 ”的软件层来执行的。 使用此管理程序 ，可以在单个物理服务器中创建多个虚拟服务器。 这些服务器称为“ 虚拟机”(VM )，同时共享安装它们的物理服务器容量(或物理机)。

The “VM” is created and fed, just like a physical server, processing power, memory, storage space and shared network. Depending on the need, you can add or reduce the resources within the limits of the capacity of the physical host machine.

“ VM”的创建和馈送就像物理服务器，处理能力，内存，存储空间和共享网络一样。 根据需要，您可以在物理主机的容量限制内添加或减少资源。

Virtualization technologies have subsequently improved to provide more availability, fault tolerance and capacity for daily operations. For example, a major step was to ask the application data not on the local disks of servers, but on a centralized storage hardware. What is the point? This allowed for maintenance of physical servers all operations without interrupting services running on it, improve data access and availability of applications on performance VM.

虚拟化技术随后进行了改进，以为日常操作提供更多的可用性，容错能力和容量。 例如，一个主要步骤是要求应用程序数据不在服务器的本地磁盘上，而是在集中式存储硬件上。 有什么意义？ 这允许维护物理服务器的所有操作，而不会中断正在其上运行的服务，从而改善了性能VM上的数据访问和应用程序的可用性。

This equates to passing my eight-passenger SUV in a pickup service class of a company vehicle rental. If a minivan is not working, it takes another to pick you up and you do not see about anything, everything goes. And if the physical server crashes, then the VM can quickly get back on another physical server, since the data have been always available and independent. Here’s how the virtual infrastructure has spread. Consolidation, performance and flexibility are the key factors.

这相当于使我的8人座SUV在公司车辆的皮卡车服务级别中通过。 如果小型货车无法正常工作，则需要另一辆小型货车来接您，但您什么也看不到，一切顺利。 而且，如果物理服务器崩溃，则由于数据始终可用且独立，因此VM可以快速恢复到另一台物理服务器。 这就是虚拟基础架构的传播方式。 整合，性能和灵活性是关键因素。

Cloud computing can be accessed via the Internet using different virtualised network resources (virtual server, disk space, network, software). Cloud computing is the service layer which is provided by a specialist based on the techniques and technologies of virtualisation. Schematically, virtualisation is a means, while cloud computing is the extra layer of service that is used to operate and manage this technology.

可以使用不同的虚拟化网络资源(虚拟服务器，磁盘空间，网络，软件)通过Internet访问云计算。 云计算是由专家基于虚拟化技术提供的服务层。 从概念上讲， 虚拟化是一种手段，而云计算是用于操作和管理该技术的额外服务层。

Of course, the increase and evolution of IT resource requirements have led suppliers to provide various services on-demand services. Thus were born the service software, the platform services, the services infrastructure, etc. They allow businesses to access, as a service on demand computing resources without assuming the complexity or cost. With this oversupply can be difficult to find the right offer and the right partner.

当然，IT资源需求的增加和演变已导致供应商提供各种服务的按需服务。 这样就诞生了服务软件，平台服务，服务基础结构等。它们使企业可以将计算资源作为按需服务访问，而无需承担复杂性或成本。 由于供应过剩，很难找到合适的报价和合适的合作伙伴。

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/how-principles-of-virtualisation-can-help-you-to-understand-cloud-computing/

计算虚拟化与云计算