MyBatis运行原理解析

SqlSession获取

一切从new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream)说起,build方法最终通过xml配置文件解析生成一个Configuration对象,注入到DefaultSqlSessionFactory对象中返回,在这个过程中,Configuration根据配置文件完成了以下配置:

properties
  主要是把标签下的属性-值或者外部properties文件中的属性-值加载进来,供后面替换变量
settings
  加载常见的配置如defaultExecutorType
typeAliases
  配置类的别名
plugins
  配置插件
objectFactory
objectWrapperFactory
reflectorFactory
environments
  配置dataSource和transactionManager
databaseIdProvider
typeHandlers
mappers

接下来openSession方法默认会根据配置的dataSource来创建:

Transaction tx = null;
    try {
      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
      final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);
      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
    }

可以看到,生成了一个DefaultSqlSession对象

Executor

在生成DefaultSqlSession对象的过程中,传入了一个Executor对象,该对象是真正执行查询的对象,我们看看MyBatis中都有哪些Executor类型

public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
    executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
    executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
    Executor executor;
    if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
      executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
      executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
    } else {
      executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
    }
    if (cacheEnabled) {
      executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
    }
    executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
    return executor;
  }

这里的ExecutorType就是我们在配置文件中配置的,默认为SIMPLE,可以看出,一共有3种类型,包括SIMPLEBATCHREUSE,在返回executor之前,加入了拦截链,我们可以利用这个来编写插件(参考作者其他文章),对各种类型的Executor说明可以查看官网或者自行阅读源码,这里以SIMPLE为例说明


到目前为止,SqlSession对象就已经准备好了,我们可以直接用它来进行查询,但是不推荐这么做,而是通过编写Mapper接口的方式

Mapper的动态代理

比如我们编写了一个Mapper接口DemoMapper并且正确在配置文件中进行了相关的配置,那么我们执行下面的语句:

DemoMapper demoMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DemoMapper.class);

首先,sqlSessiongetMapper方法委托给configurationgetMapper方法,最终委托给MapperRegistrygetMapper方法:

final MapperProxyFactory mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory) knownMappers.get(type);
    if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
      throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
    }
    try {
      return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
    }

可以看到,最终通过MapperProxyFactory对象来生成代理对象,MyBatis会在加载配置文件时为每个Mapper生成一个MapperProxyFactory

protected T newInstance(MapperProxy mapperProxy) {
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface }, mapperProxy);
  }

  public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
    final MapperProxy mapperProxy = new MapperProxy(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
    return newInstance(mapperProxy);
  }

可以看到,MapperProxyFactorynewInstance方法利用JDBC的动态代理技术生成了一个T泛型对象(最终就是我们请求的DemoMapper.class

MapperProxy对象

此对象实现了InvocationHandler,拦截方法调用

@Override
  public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    try {
      if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
        return method.invoke(this, args);
      } else if (isDefaultMethod(method)) {
        return invokeDefaultMethod(proxy, method, args);
      }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
    }
    final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
    return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
  }

可以看出,当定义method的是一个接口的时候,会生成一个MapperMethod对象,调用它的execute方法,截取execute方法片段:

case INSERT: {
      Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
        break;
      }
case UPDATE: {
        Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
        result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
        break;

最终还是回到了sqlSession的方法调用上面,因此,我们通过编写并配置Mapper来执行查询,而不是直接通过sqlSession

最终的实现--Executor的底层实现

以查询为例,最终会跳转到Executorquery方法,以SimpleExecutor为例,就是doQuery方法

public  List doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt = null;
    try {
      Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
      StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
      stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
      return handler.query(stmt, resultHandler);
    } finally {
      closeStatement(stmt);
    }
  }

首先,创建一个StatementHandler对象,然后预编译SQL语句生成Statement对象,最后执行

预编译的过程如下
private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
    Statement stmt;
    Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
    stmt = handler.prepare(connection, transaction.getTimeout());
    handler.parameterize(stmt);
    return stmt;
  }

包括了两个过程,prepare和parameterize

public Statement prepare(Connection connection, Integer transactionTimeout) throws SQLException {
    ErrorContext.instance().sql(boundSql.getSql());
    Statement statement = null;
    try {
      statement = instantiateStatement(connection);
      setStatementTimeout(statement, transactionTimeout);
      setFetchSize(statement);
      return statement;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      closeStatement(statement);
      throw e;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      closeStatement(statement);
      throw new ExecutorException("Error preparing statement.  Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }

prepare过程主要是初始化和设置一些连接参数如超时时间、最大返回行数

public void parameterize(Statement statement) throws SQLException {
    parameterHandler.setParameters((PreparedStatement) statement);
  }

parameterize就非常简单了,委托给ParameterHandler设置每个占位符上面的参数和值,最后执行query:

public  List query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
    PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
    ps.execute();
    return resultSetHandler. handleResultSets(ps);
  }

到这里什么都已经准备好了,所以执行查询变得非常简单,就是我们编写JDBC时对PreparedStatement的一般操作,然后通过ResultSetHandler来搜集返回结果

总结一下Executor的执行流程:

  1. 新建StatementHandler对象对SQL进行初始化和预编译
  2. 利用ParameterHandler对象对预编译的SQL填参数
  3. 利用PreparedStatement对象执行查询(JDBC
  4. 利用ResultSetHandler对象搜集结果返回

对于具体的Handler有哪些类型、怎么实现的,读者可以自行查阅相关源码或文档,到这里,整个MyBatis执行的过程已经很清晰了

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