启动一个Activity，都是通过调用startActivity或者startActivityForResult来调用，当然最终都是调用的startActivityForResult，无论是启动界面或者是按下HOME界面或者长按HOME出现当前运行应用列表点击某一个开启它，都会涉及到startActivity，只是其中执行不同了。
大致一个简单的流程如下：
Activity启.png
以下流程是基于4.4.4版本源码，其他版本可能有些许差异。
来看看启动应用界面：
- 首先调用到Activity中的startActivityForResult
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
//调用mInstrumentation来执行启动Activity
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
// the activity visible until the result is received. Setting
// this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
// activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
// This can only be done when a result is requested because
// that guarantees we will get information back when the
// activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
我们只需要管制mParent==null这部分就好，因为mParent代表的是ActivityGroup，用于在一个界面中嵌入多个Activity，我们现在都用Fragment来代替了。
这里能看到调用来mInstrumentation来启动Activity，Instrumentation一个应用只有一个，是应用中的管家，是在ActivityThread的main方法中创建的，ActivityThread要创建和停止某个Activity都是通过它来完成的，包括创建Application和调用Application的onCreate都是它来完成。
- execStartActivity
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
//获取到该应用的ApplitionThread的IApplicationThread接口，用于后面AMS回调使用
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
//实际调用启动Activity的地方
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
return null;
}
能看到调用到的ActivityManagerNative的startActivity方法来启动Activity。ActivityManagerNative.getDefault是获取ActivityManagerNative对象，它是一个单例。
- ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}
private static final Singleton gDefault = new Singleton() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
static public IActivityManager asInterface(IBinder obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
IActivityManager in =
(IActivityManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
}
那么能看到，获取到的实际上是一个IActivityManafer，是一个IBinder对象，实际上就是ActivityManagerProxy代理。这里和我们平时使用AIDL是不是很像啊，其实就是一样的，这个Ibinder是对应到了ActivityManagerService。我们接着看调用它的startActivity，就是ActivityManagerProxy的startActivity,实际就调用到了AMS的startActivity。
- ActivityManagerService.startActivity
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
String profileFile, ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, Bundle options) {
//调用
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode,
startFlags, profileFile, profileFd, options, UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
String profileFile, ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, Bundle options, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), userId,
false, true, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
//调用到了ActivityStackSupervisor的startActivityMayWait
return mStackSupervisor.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profileFile, profileFd,
null, null, options, userId);
}
辗转后，调用到了ActivityStackSupervisor的startActivityMayWait，然后获取目标Activity信息，进程信息。
- startActivityMayWait
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, String profileFile,
ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config,
Bundle options, int userId) {
//调用到startActivityLocked
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType,
aInfo, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid,
callingPackage, startFlags, options, componentSpecified, null);
}
内部调用到了ActivityStackSupervisor的startActivityLocked，在这一步创建了ActivityRecord，就是咱们Activity的档案了，存储这它拥有的信息。
然后又调用到了startActivityUncheckedLocked，内部会根据启动模式做一些操作，然后调用到了ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityLocked。
final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev, Bundle options) {
// Whoops, need to restart this activity!
if (!next.hasBeenLaunched) {
next.hasBeenLaunched = true;
} else {
if (SHOW_APP_STARTING_PREVIEW) {
mWindowManager.setAppStartingWindow(
next.appToken, next.packageName, next.theme,
mService.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(
next.info.applicationInfo),
next.nonLocalizedLabel,
next.labelRes, next.icon, next.logo, next.windowFlags,
null, true);
}
if (DEBUG_SWITCH) Slog.v(TAG, "Restarting: " + next);
}
if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG, "resumeTopActivityLocked: Restarting " + next);
mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
}
在这一步里又调用回了ActivityStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked
- startSpecificActivityLocked
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);
//如果进程启动了，那么执行启动Activity
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, mService.mProcessStats);
}
//真正启动Activty
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
//否则先启动进程
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
在这里就是判断进程是否启动，然后来决定先启动进程还是直接启动Activity。然后调用到了realStartActivityLocked
- realStartActivityLocked
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
ProcessRecord app, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig)
throws RemoteException {
//调用到ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration), r.compat,
app.repProcState, r.icicle, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profileFile, profileFd,
profileAutoStop);
}
这里app.thread是IApplicationThread，而这个IApplicationThread就是对应进程中的ApplicationThread,ApplicationThread是在ActivityThread中创建好的。就通过远程调用回到了对应进程的ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity
- scheduleLaunchActivity
private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int procState, Bundle state, List pendingResults,
List pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward,
String profileName, ParcelFileDescriptor profileFd, boolean autoStopProfiler) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profileFile = profileName;
r.profileFd = profileFd;
r.autoStopProfiler = autoStopProfiler;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
//发送消息到Handler来处理
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
}
通过发送消息到H来处理运行Activity，H是在ActicityThread中的一个Handler。其中handlerMessage处理如下
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
然后就到了handleLaunchActivity
- handleLaunchActivity
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
//运行Activity，这里回调用到Activity的OnCreate
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
//这里开始调用OnResume
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);
if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
// The activity manager actually wants this one to start out
// paused, because it needs to be visible but isn't in the
// foreground. We accomplish this by going through the
// normal startup (because activities expect to go through
// onResume() the first time they run, before their window
// is displayed), and then pausing it. However, in this case
// we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing
// and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just
// retain the current state it has.
try {
r.activity.mCalled = false;
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity);
// We need to keep around the original state, in case
// we need to be created again. But we only do this
// for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state
// when pausing, so we can not have them save their state
// when restarting from a paused state. For HC and later,
// we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the normal
// part of stopping the activity.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
r.state = oldState;
}
if (!r.activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPause()");
}
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(r.activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to pause activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
r.paused = true;
}
} else {
// If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity
// manager to stop us.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
- performLaunchActivity
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
//创建Activity
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
//如果没有创建Application则进行创建
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
//创建ContextImpl，对应到context相关的执行都是ContextImpl
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
//调用attcah
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config);
//调用onCreate方法
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
//如果没有finish则继续调用响应的start,OnRestoreInstanceState,PostCreate
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.performStart();
r.stopped = false;
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
if (r.state != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
}
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.mCalled = false;
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
}
}
}
(Activity)cl.loadClass(className).newInstance()
可以看到在创建Activity也是通过mInstrumentation来创建的，其内部创建很简单，就是通过classloder来创建的，ContextImpl绑定到Actvity中是通过attach来绑定,然后调用OnCreate，如果OnCreate后没finish再调用start等
后面handleResumeActivity过程类似，就不再叙述了。大致到这里整个Activity已经完成了整个启动过程。当然实际使用中，还会涉及到前一个界面的暂停，实际是在暂停之后，再继续进行启动界面。
最后说明：
过了一下Activity的启动流程，大致对这个有了一些了解。另外在平时使用模版方法的时候也可以有所收获，比如你在OnCreate中做了finish操作，其实那么就不会再到OnStar及以后的方法了，我想很多人在这里踩过坑。