一.前言
这是一个基于SpringBoot整合Sharding-JDBC实现读写分离的极简教程,笔者使用到的技术及版本如下:
- SpringBoot 2.5.2
- MyBatis-Plus 3.4.3
- Sharding-JDBC 4.1.1
- MySQL8集群(看笔者前一篇文章有部署教程)
二.项目目录结构
三.pom文件
4.0.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.5.2 xyz.hcworld sharding-jdbc-demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT sharding-jdbc-demo 多数据源切换实例 1.8 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web com.baomidou mybatis-plus-boot-starter 3.4.3 mysql mysql-connector-java runtime org.apache.shardingsphere sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter 4.1.1 org.projectlombok lombok true org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin org.projectlombok lombok
四.配置文件(基于YAML)及SQL建表语句
spring: main: allow-bean-definition-overriding: true #显示sql shardingsphere: props: sql: show: true masterslave: #配置主从名称 name: ms #置主库master,负责数据的写入 master-data-source-name: ds1 #配置从库slave节点 slave-data-source-names: ds2,ds3 #配置slave节点的负载均衡均衡策略,采用轮询机制,有两种算法:round_robin(轮询)和random(随机) load-balance-algorithm-type: round_robin sharding: #配置默认数据源ds1 默认数据源,主要用于写 default-data-source-name: ds1 # 配置数据源 datasource: names: ds1,ds2,ds3 #master-ds1数据库连接信息 ds1: type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3307/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: 123456 maxPoolSize: 100 minPoolSize: 5 #slave-ds2数据库连接信息 ds2: type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3308/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: 123456 maxPoolSize: 100 minPoolSize: 5 #slave-ds3数据库连接信息 ds3: type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.142:3309/sharding-jdbc-db?useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password: 123456 maxPoolSize: 100 minPoolSize: 5 #mybatis-plus配置 mybatis-plus: type-aliases-package: xyz.hcworld.demo.model mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/**Mapper.xml
CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `nickname` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `sex` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `birthday` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
五.Mapper.xml文件及Mapper接口
INSERT INTO t_user(nickname,PASSWORD,sex,birthday) VALUES(#{nickname},#{password},#{sex},#{birthday})
package xyz.hcworld.demo.mapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import xyz.hcworld.demo.model.User; import java.util.List; /** * @ClassName: UserMapper * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version: 1.0 */ @Component public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper{ void addUser(User user); List findUsers(); }
六 .Controller及Mocel文件
package xyz.hcworld.demo.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import xyz.hcworld.demo.mapper.UserMapper; import xyz.hcworld.demo.model.User; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.util.List; /** * @ClassName: UserController * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version: 1.0 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/api/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @PostMapping("/save") public String addUser() { User user = new User(); user.setNickname("zhangsan" + new SecureRandom().nextInt()); user.setPassword("123456"); user.setSex(1); user.setBirthday("1997-12-03"); userMapper.addUser(user); return user.toString(); } @GetMapping("/findUsers") public ListfindUsers() { return userMapper.findUsers(); } }
package xyz.hcworld.demo.model; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; /** * @ClassName: User * @Author: 张红尘 * @Date: 2021-07-20 * @Version: 1.0 */ @Data @TableName("t_user") public class User { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO) private Integer id; private String nickname; private String password; private Integer sex; private String birthday; }
七.结果
从结果可以看出,写入操作全部通过ds1数据库(master)数据库完成,而读操作因为设置了轮询的缘故,由ds2(slaver)、ds3(slaver2)数据库完成。这样就实现了基于一主二从的数据库集群的读写分离操作。
八.Sharding-JDBC不同版本上的配置
网上Sharding-JDBC的教程多为4.0.0.RC1版本,笔者使用的是最新的4.1.1所以
在该部分数据库地址在4.1.1为jdbc-url在4.0.0.RC1上需要改为url否则会启动失败
jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://XXXX/XXXX
且网上教程多为properties文件,笔者将其转变为YAML文件更加能直观感受
项目下载
GitHub:https://github.com/z875479694h/sharding-jdbc-demo
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