qsort函数和bsearch函数的使用

 
   

函数名: bsearch

  功 能: 二分法搜索

  用 法: void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nelem, size_t width, int(*fcmp)(const void *, const *))

  语法:

  #include <stdlib.h> void *bsearch( const void *key, const void *buf, size_t num, size_t size, int (*compare)(const void *, const void *) );

 
   

  参数:第一个:要查找的关键字。第二个:要查找的数组。第三个:指定数组中元素的数目。第四个:每个元素的长度(以字符为单位)。第五个:指向比较函数的指针。

  功能: 函数用折半查找法在从数组元素buf[0]到buf[num-1] 匹配参数key。如果函数compare 的第一个参数小于第二个参数,返回负值;如果等于返回零值;如果大于返回正值。数组buf 中的元素应以升序排列。函数bsearch()的返回值是指向匹配项,如果没有发现匹配项,返回NULL

 
   
 
   





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. qsort排序 [cpp] view plaincopyprint? /* qsort example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int values[] = { 40, 10, 100, 90, 20, 25 }; int compare (const void * a, const void * b) { return ( *(int*)a - *(int*)b ); } int main () { int n; qsort (values, 6, sizeof(int), compare); for (n=0; n<6; n++) printf ("%d ",values[n]); return 0; } Output: 10 20 25 40 90 100 2.bsearch查找: [cpp] view plaincopyprint? /* bsearch example */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int compareints (const void * a, const void * b) { return ( *(int*)a - *(int*)b ); } int values[] = { 10, 20, 25, 40, 90, 100 }; int main () { int * pItem; int key = 40; pItem = (int*) bsearch (&key, values, 6, sizeof (int), compareints); if (pItem!=NULL) printf ("%d is in the array.\n",*pItem); else printf ("%d is not in the array.\n",key); return 0; } Output: 40 is in the array 3.两者结合用法: [cpp] view plaincopyprint? /* bsearch example with strings */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> char strvalues[][20] = {"some","example","strings","here"}; int main () { char * pItem; char key[20] = "example"; /* sort elements in array: */ qsort (strvalues, 4, 20, (int(*)(const void*,const void*)) strcmp); /* search for the key: */ pItem = (char*) bsearch (key, strvalues, 4, 20, (int(*)(const void*,const void*)) strcmp); if (pItem!=NULL) printf ("%s is in the array.\n",pItem); else printf ("%s is not in the array.\n",key); return 0; } 说明: [cpp] view plaincopyprint? void qsort ( void * base, size_t num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void * ) ); void * bsearch ( const void * key, const void * base, size_t num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void * ) );

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