phpunit安装出错的原因及解决办法

官方指引

很遗憾， phpunit还没有在ArchLinux的仓库里。

所以使用下载安装的方式。按照官方的指引：

wget https://phar.phpunit.de/phpunit.phar
chmod +x phpunit.phar
sudo mv phpunit.phar /usr/local/bin/phpunit
phpunit --version

结果得到下面的错误：

PHP Warning:  realpath(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/usr/local/bin/phpunit) is not within the allowed path(s): (/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/) in /usr/local/bin/phpunit on line 3
PHP Fatal error:  Class 'Phar' not found in /usr/local/bin/phpunit on line 714

启用phar扩展

先解决Fatal error: Class 'Phar' not found。

ls /usr/lib/php/modules

发现有 phar.so，说明Phar的扩展已经安装，那么是不是该扩展没有Enable呢？
打开 /etc/php/php.ini搜索 phar，果然发现 extension=phar.so被注释掉了。去掉该行前面的 ;，保存php.ini，再次运行 phpunit --version。

PHP Warning:  realpath(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/usr/local/bin/phpunit) is not within the allowed path(s): (/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/) in /usr/local/bin/phpunit on line 3
PHP Warning:  Phar::mapPhar(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/usr/local/bin/phpunit) is not within the allowed path(s): (/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/) in /usr/local/bin/phpunit on line 714

Fatal error解决了，但警告还在，而且phpunit没有正常运行。

php对文件访问的保护机制

google之，发现这里有解释: http://www.templatemonster.com/help/open_basedir-restriction-in-effect-filex-is-not-within-the-allowed-paths-y.html

PHP open_basedir protection tweak is a Safe Mode security measure that prevents users from opening files or scripts located outside of their home directory with PHP, unless the folder has specifically excluded. PHP open_basedir setting if enabled, will ensure that all file operations to be limited to files under certain directory, and thus prevent php scripts for a particular user from accessing files in unauthorized user’s account. When a script tries to open a file with, for example, fopen() or gzopen(), the location of the file is checked. When the file is outside the specified or permissible directory-tree, PHP will refuse to open it and the following errors may occur: ...

意思是说：php.ini中的open_basedir是php为保证安全进行文件访问的设置。如果该选项被赋值，所有的文件操作将限定在特定的目录里，这样可以防止某个用户使用php脚本读取未授权的内容。当你想通过fopen或gzopen打开一个文件时，如果该文件的位置不再被允许的目录下面，就会出现上述的警告信息。

从警告信息发现可以访问的目录包括 /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/，刚好 ~/bin即在PATH变量中，也属于可以被php脚本读取的目录，于是

mv /usr/local/bin/phpunit ~/bin

再运行phpunit --version，得到正确结果：

PHPUnit 4.5.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

phpunit安装成功!