Python爬虫,获取,解析,存储详解

目录

• 1.获取数据
• 2.解析数据
• 3.数据保存为CSV格式和存入数据库
• 总结

1.获取数据

import requests
def drg(url):
    try:
        head ={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/\
       537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/\
       91.0.4472.164 Safari/537.36'}
        r = requests.get(url,headers=head)
        r.raise_for_status()  # 如果状态不是200，引发HTTPError异常
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return "产生异常"
url = "https://www.ip138.com/mobile.asp?mobile=13018305773&action=mobile"
print(drg(url))

2.解析数据

import requests
def login():
    try:
        # 登录之后界面的url
        urllogin="http://www.cqooc.com/user/login?username=12608199000635&password=48C032612C2A6777D28A969307B52127E198D59AA78522943C1B283CF7B89E69&nonce=6BA36BBB1F623279&cnonce=8257070573EFE28F"
        s=requests.session()
        r=s.post(urllogin,data=Form,headers=headers)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        r.raise_for_status()
        return s
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)
def get_html(s,url):
    try:
        r=s.get(url,headers=headers)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        r.raise_for_status()
        return r.text
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)
if __name__=="__main__":
    # 登录之后的界面user-agent
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.164 Safari/537.36",
    }
    # 跟着自己的改变
    Form = {
        "username": "12608199000635",
        "password": "48C032612C2A6777D28A969307B52127E198D59AA78522943C1B283CF7B89E69",
        "nonce": "6BA36BBB1F623279",
        "cnonce": "8257070573EFE28F"
    }
    lin=login()
    # 个人中心的网址
    url="http://www.cqooc.com/my/learn"
    html=get_html(lin,url)
    print(html)

3.数据保存为CSV格式和存入数据库

保存为CSV

import  requests
from lxml import etree
import csv
#获取数据
def get_html(url,time=30):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=time)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        r.raise_for_status()
        return r.text
    except Exception as error:
        print(error)
def parser(html): #解析函数
    doc=etree.HTML(html) #html转换为soup对象
    out_list=[] #解析函数输出数据的列表
    #二次查找法
    for row in  doc.xpath("//*[@class='book-img-text']//li/*[@class='book-mid-info']"):
        row_data=[
            row.xpath("h4/a/text()")[0], #书名
            row.xpath("p[@class='author']/a/text()")[0], #作者
            row.xpath("p[2]/text()")[0].strip(), #介绍
            row.xpath("p[@class='update']/span/text()")[0] #更新日期
        ]
        out_list.append(row_data) #将解析的每行数据插入到输出列表中
    return out_list
def  save_csv(item,path): #数据存储，将list数据写入文件，防止乱码
    with open(path, "a+", newline='',encoding="utf-8") as f: #创建utf8编码文件
        csv_write = csv.writer(f) #创建写入对象
        csv_write.writerows(item) #一次性写入多行
if __name__=="__main__":
    for i in range(1,6):
        url="https://www.qidian.com/rank/fengyun?style=1&page={0}".format(i)
        html=get_html(url) #获取网页数据
        out_list=parser(html) #解析网页，输出列表数据
        save_csv(out_list,"d:\\book.csv") #数据存储

存入数据库

import pymysql
import requests
from lxml import etree
def get_html(url, time=3000):
    try:
        headers ={
            "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36 Edg/94.0.992.31"
        }
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=time,headers=headers)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        r.raise_for_status()
        return r.text
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
result = []
def parse_html(html):
    html = etree.HTML(html)
    for row in html.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ul/li'):
        Naame = row.xpath("div[2]/h2/a/text()")[0].strip()#//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ul[1]/div[2]/h2/a
        score = row.xpath("div[2]/p[2]/span[2]/text()")[0].strip()#//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ul[1]/div[2]/p[2]/span[2]
        price = row.xpath("div[2]/p[1]/text()")[0].strip().split("/")#//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ul[1]/div[2]/p[1]/text()
        price= price[0]
        content= price[1]
        a=price[2]
        b= price[-1]
        detail = [Naame,score,price,content,a,b]
        result.append(detail)
def join_all(sql_insert,vals,**dbinfo):
    try:
        connet = pymysql.connect(**dbinfo)
        cursor = connet.cursor()
        cursor.executemany(sql_insert,vals)
        connet.commit()
        print('添加成功！')
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
        connet.rollback()
    cursor.close()
if __name__=="__main__":
    for page in range(1,16):
        url="https://book.douban.com/latest?subcat=%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8&p={0}".format(str(page))
        parms ={
            "host":"127.0.0.1",
            "port":3306,
            "user":"root",
            "passwd":"123456",
            "db":"db",
            "charset":"utf8"
        }
        html=get_html(url)
        parse_html(html)
    sql_insert = "INSERT INTO db(Naame,score,price,content,a,b)\
                           Values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
    join_all(sql_insert,result,**parms)
    print(result)

总结

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