ActionChains用法（move_to_element()/drag_and_drop()）
Step1.导入ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
1.定义鼠标悬停的元素：
move = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(
'div.queryschema-control.ivu-col.ivu-col-span-16 > div > div > div > input')
2.模拟鼠标悬停：
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(move).perform()
3.操作悬停后出现的元素
menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()
ActionChains方法列表
click(on_element=None) ——单击鼠标左键
click_and_hold(on_element=None) ——点击鼠标左键，不松开
context_click(on_element=None) ——点击鼠标右键
double_click(on_element=None) ——双击鼠标左键
drag_and_drop(source, target) ——拖拽到某个元素然后松开
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) ——拖拽到某个坐标然后松开
key_down(value, element=None) ——按下某个键盘上的键
key_up(value, element=None) ——松开某个键
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) ——鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标
move_to_element(to_element) ——鼠标移动到某个元素
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) ——移动到距某个元素（左上角坐标）多少距离的位置
perform() ——执行链中的所有动作
release(on_element=None) ——在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键
send_keys(*keys_to_send) ——发送某个键到当前焦点的元素
send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) ——发送某个键到指定元素
点击操作
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm
代码：
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
from selenium import webdriver -
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains -
from time import sleep -
driver = webdriver.Firefox() -
driver.implicitly_wait(10) -
driver.maximize_window() -
driver.get(‘http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm‘) -
click_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="click me"]‘) # 单击按钮 -
doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="dbl click me"]‘) # 双击按钮 -
rightclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="right click me"]‘) # 右键单击按钮 -
ActionChains(driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform() # 链式用法 -
print driver.find_element_by_name(‘t2‘).get_attribute(‘value‘) -
sleep(2) -
driver.quit()
结果：
[CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]2.鼠标移动
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm
示例代码：
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
from selenium import webdriver -
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains -
from time import sleep -
driver = webdriver.Firefox() -
driver.implicitly_wait(10) -
driver.maximize_window() -
driver.get(‘http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm‘) -
write = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="Write on hover"]‘) # 鼠标移动到此元素，在下面的input框中会显示“Mouse moved” -
blank = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//input[@value="Blank on hover"]‘) # 鼠标移动到此元素，会清空下面input框中的内容 -
result = driver.find_element_by_name(‘t1‘) -
action = ActionChains(driver) -
action.move_to_element(write).perform() # 移动到write，显示“Mouse moved” -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
# action.move_to_element(blank).perform() -
action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform() # 移动到距离当前位置(10,50)的点，与上句效果相同，移动到blank上，清空 -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, 10, -40).perform() # 移动到距离blank元素(10,-40)的点，可移动到write上 -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
sleep(2) -
driver.quit()
结果
-
Mouse moved -
Mouse moved
一般很少用位置关系来移动鼠标，如果需要，可参考下面的链接来测量元素位置
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/eb9f7b6d87e2ae869264e847.html
3.拖拽
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm
代码：
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
from selenium import webdriver -
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains -
from time import sleep -
driver = webdriver.Firefox() -
driver.implicitly_wait(10) -
driver.maximize_window() -
driver.get(‘http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm‘) -
dragger = driver.find_element_by_id(‘dragger‘) # 被拖拽元素 -
item1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div[text()="Item 1"]‘) # 目标元素1 -
item2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div[text()="Item 2"]‘) # 目标2 -
item3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div[text()="Item 3"]‘) # 目标3 -
item4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div[text()="Item 4"]‘) # 目标4 -
action = ActionChains(driver) -
action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform() # 1.移动dragger到目标1 -
sleep(2) -
action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform() # 2.效果与上句相同，也能起到移动效果 -
sleep(2) -
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform() # 3.效果与上两句相同，也能起到移动的效果 -
sleep(2) -
# action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4.移动到指定坐标 -
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform() # 5.与上一句相同，移动到指定坐标 -
sleep(2) -
driver.quit()
结果：
dropped dropped dropped dropped一般用坐标定位很少，用上例中的方法1足够了，如果看源码，会发现方法2其实就是方法1中的drag_and_drop()的实现。注意：拖拽使用时注意加等待时间，有时会因为速度太快而失败。
4.按键
模拟按键有多种方法，能用win32api来实现，能用SendKeys来实现，也可以用selenium的WebElement对象的send_keys()方法来实现，这里ActionChains类也提供了几个模拟按键的方法。
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm
代码1：
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
from selenium import webdriver -
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains -
from time import sleep -
driver = webdriver.Firefox() -
driver.implicitly_wait(10) -
driver.maximize_window() -
driver.get(‘http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm‘) -
key_up_radio = driver.find_element_by_id(‘r1‘) # 监测按键升起 -
key_down_radio = driver.find_element_by_id(‘r2‘) # 监测按键按下 -
key_press_radio = driver.find_element_by_id(‘r3‘) # 监测按键按下升起 -
enter = driver.find_elements_by_xpath(‘//form[@name="f1"]/input‘)[1] # 输入框 -
result = driver.find_elements_by_xpath(‘//form[@name="f1"]/input‘)[0] # 监测结果 -
# 监测key_down -
key_down_radio.click() -
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
# 监测key_up -
key_up_radio.click() -
enter.click() -
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform() -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
# 监测key_press -
key_press_radio.click() -
enter.click() -
ActionChains(driver).send_keys(‘a‘).perform() -
print result.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
driver.quit()
结果：
-
key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL -
key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE -
key pressed charCode=[97] keyCode=[0] NONE
示例2：
示例网址http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm
代码：
-
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -
from selenium import webdriver -
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains -
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys -
from time import sleep -
driver = webdriver.Firefox() -
driver.implicitly_wait(10) -
driver.maximize_window() -
driver.get(‘http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm‘) -
input1 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘input‘)[3] -
input2 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘input‘)[4] -
action = ActionChains(driver) -
input1.click() -
action.send_keys(‘Test Keys‘).perform() -
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(‘a‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+a -
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(‘c‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+c -
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL, input2).send_keys(‘v‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+v -
print input1.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
print input2.get_attribute(‘value‘) -
driver.quit()
结果：
-
Test Keys -
Test Keys
复制粘贴用WebElement< input >.send_keys()也能实现，大家可以试一下，也可以用更底层的方法，同时也是os弹框的处理办法之一的win32api，有兴趣也可以试试SendKeys、keybd_event