2021亚太赛数学建模C题思路：生态保护的建设和对环境影响的评估Construction of Ecological Conservation and Assessment of Its Impact

2021年APMCM亚太地区大学生数学建模竞赛【C题：生态保护建设及其环境影响评价】赛题思路

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题目中文版描述：
中国坚持 "绿水青山就是金山银山 "的理念，坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，把生态保护放在首位。坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，把节约资源、保护环境、顺应自然放在首位。坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，把节约资源、保护环境、顺应自然放在首位，实施可持续发展战略，完善统筹协调机制。落实可持续发展战略，完善生态文明领域的统筹协调机制，建设生态文明。完善生态文明领域的统筹协调机制，构建生态文明制度体系，推动经济社会发展向综合治理转变。经济社会发展向全面绿色增长转变，建设美丽的国家。在中国政府的帮助下，中国的塞罕坝林场已经从沙漠中恢复过来。在中国政府的帮助下，中国的塞罕坝林场已经从沙漠中恢复过来，现在已经成为一个生态环保的绿色农场，具有稳定的防沙功能。

自1962年以来，有369名平均年龄不到24岁的年轻人来到这片充满黄沙的荒地。从那时起，他们在这里奉献自己的生命，一浪高过一浪。在沙地上种下种子，在石头缝里种下绿色，就像钉子一样把几十万亩森林固定在沙地上。荒地上的几十万亩森林。栽种茶树以固定沙地和保护水源.他们建立了一个绿色屏障，以阻挡风沙。如今，塞罕坝地区的森林覆盖率 荒地上的森林覆盖率已达80%，每年为北京和天津提供1.37亿立方米的清洁水，为北京和天津的生态环境提供了保障。每年为京津地区提供1.37亿立方米的清洁水，封存74.7万吨碳，释放54.5万吨的氧气。

经过一个多世纪的艰苦努力，世界上最大的人工林在塞罕坝的土地上建成了——塞罕坝。扩大造林面积112万亩，造林面积超过4亿吨，建设者在塞罕坝大地上创造了一片绿色的海洋。建设者在北京以北400公里的高原荒地上创造了一片绿色海洋。

一方面，有历史的使命，即文明的发展将伴随着动物学的蓬勃发展"。另一方面，在绿色发展的道路上也遇到了一些新的问题。发展道路上遇到的新问题。因此，塞罕坝人现在有了更高的目标，那就是要恢复 生态环境。中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会以来，他们已经 党的十八大以来，他们相继开展了三大工程，即植树造林、人工林自然改良、近自然生态保护。人工林的自然改良，以及天然林的近自然化栽培。他们努力使人工林更接近于天然林。

请由你的团队建立数学模型，并回答以下问题：

1、塞罕坝在抵御风沙、保护环境、维持生态平衡和稳定等方面发挥了重要作用。请选择合适的指标，收集 相关数据，，构建塞罕坝对生态环境影响的评价模型，以定量评价塞罕坝修复后对环境的影响，即比较分析塞罕坝修复前后的环境状况。

2、赛罕坝林场的恢复对北京抵御沙尘暴发挥了重要作用。请选择合适的指标，收集相关数据，建立数学模型，评估塞罕坝对北京抗沙能力的影响，定量评估塞罕坝在北京抗沙尘暴中的作用。

3、假设我们计划将塞罕坝的生态保护模式推广到全国，请建立一个数学模型并收集相关数据，以确定中国哪些地理位置需要建设生态区（即生态保护区），并确定要建设的生态区的数量或规模；此外，评估其对实现中国碳中和的目标的影响。

4、中国的赛罕巴生态保护模式为亚太地区树立了榜样。请从亚太地区选择另一个国家建立数学模型并收集相关数据，然后讨论该国哪些地理位置需要建设生态区（即生态保护区），以及确定要建设的生态区的数量或规模；此外，评估其对吸收温室气体和减少碳排放的影响。

5、请向亚太数学建模竞赛组织委员会（APMCM）提交一份非技术性报告，描述您的模型，并提出建设生态保护区的可行计划和建议。

提示：在建立模型的过程中，可以考虑中国和其他亚太地区现有生态林的状况；不同树木的生长环境要求（即特定树木的特定面积）；如何平衡生态林地、经济发展用地和工业用地的布局；以及目标地理区域是否有足够的可用土地来开发生态保护区。

英文原版：

2021年亚太杯C题：Construction of Ecological Conservation and Assessment of Its Impact on Environment

Adhere to the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, China insists on respecting for, being harmony with and protecting nature, giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and letting nature restore itself, implementing sustainable development strategies, improving the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization, building an ecological civilization system, promoting the transformation of economic and social development toward comprehensive green growth and building a beautiful country. With the help of the Chinese government, China’s Saihanba Tree Farm has recovered from the desert and has now become an eco-friendly and green farm with the stable sand prevention function.

Since 1962, 369 young people with an average age under 24 have come to this wasteland filled with yellow sand. From then on, they dedicated their lives here, advanced wave upon wave, to planting seeds in the sand and planting green in the crevices of the stones, like nails fastening millions of acres of forest on the wasteland. Planting trees to fix the sand and conserve water sources, they build a green barrier to block wind and sand. Today, the forest coverage in Saihanba area has reached 80%. It supplies Beijing and Tianjin with 137 million cubic meters of clean water each year, sequesters 747,000 tons of carbon, and releases 545,000 tons of oxygen.

With over a half century’s struggle, the world’s largest artificial forest was built on the earth of Saihanba. Expanding afforestation of 1.12 million mu with more than 400 million trees, the builders created a green sea on the plateau wasteland which is 400 kilometers north of Beijing.

On the one hand, there is the historical mission that “civilization will develop followed with zoology thriving”. On the other hand, there are new issues encountered on the road of green development. Therefore, Saihanba people now have a higher goal, which is to restore the ecology. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, they have successively launched three major projects, namely, afforestation, natural improvement of artificial forests, and near-naturalization cultivation of natural forests. They have tried to make artificial forests closer to natural ones.

Please build the mathematical models by your team and answer the following questions:

1. Saihanba plays an important role in resisting wind and sand, protecting environment, maintaining ecological balance and stability, etc. Please select appropriate indicators, collect relevant data, and build the evaluation model for the impact of Saihanba on the ecological environment, in order to quantitatively evaluate the impact on the environment after the restoration of Saihanba; that is, to comparatively analyze the environmental conditions before and after the Saihanba restoration.

2. The restoration of Saihanba Tree Farm has played an important role in resisting sandstorms for Beijing. Please select appropriate indicators and collect relevant data to build a mathematical model for evaluating the Saihanba’s impact on Beijing’s ability on sandstorm resistance, and quantitatively evaluate Saihanba’s role in resisting sandstorms in Beijing.

3. Suppose we plan to extend the ecological protection model of Saihanba to the whole country, please build a mathematical model and collect relevant data, to determine which geographical locations in China need to build ecological areas (ie. Ecological Reservation), and fix the number or scale of ecological areas to be built; moreover, to evaluate its impact on achieving China’s carbon neutral target.

4. China’s Saihanba ecological protection model has made an example for the Asia-Pacific region. Please choose another country from the Asia-Pacific region to establish a mathematical model and collect relevant data, and then discuss which geographical locations in this country need to build an ecological area (ie. Ecological Reservation), as well as determine the number or scale of ecological areas to be built; moreover, to evaluate its impact on absorbing greenhouse gases and mitigating carbon emissions.

5. Please write a non-technical report to the Asia-Pacific Mathematical Contest in Modeling Organizing Committee (APMCM), describing your models, and proposing feasible plans and suggestions for building ecological reservation.

Tips: In the process of building the models, you can consider condition of the existing ecological forests in China and other Asia-Pacific regions; the requirement of growth environment for different trees (that is, the specific area for certain tree); how to balance the layout of ecological forest land, economic development land and industrial land; and whether the aimed geographical area has enough land available to develop the ecological reservation.

Reference: http://lycy.hebei.gov.cn/shb/show_article.php?id=5876

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