「MySQL」数据库备份和还原

作者：threedayman

来源：恒生LIGHT云社区

备份还原使用到的命令

mysqldump、mysql

关于mysqldump命令更多内容 详见 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump.html

准备工作

创建两张表user、his_user

CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='用户表';

CREATE TABLE `his_user` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='历史用户表';

插入数据

INSERT INTO user(name) VALUES('three');
INSERT INTO his_user(name) VALUES('wang');

mysql> select * from user;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | three |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from his_user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | wang |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

备份

全库备份

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 datax >dataxAll.sql

插入数据

INSERT INTO user(name) VALUES('four');
INSERT INTO his_user(name) VALUES('li');
mysql> select * from user;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | three |
|  2 | four  |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from his_user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | wang |
|  3 | li   |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

还原

恢复数据

mysql   -uroot -p123456 datax < dataxAll.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

查看表数据

mysql> select * from user;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | three |
+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from his_user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | wang |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

数据已经恢复到备份前模样。

如果需要按照表名进行过滤备份可以参考以下语句

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 datax $(mysql -N -uroot -p123456 -e "show tables from datax like 'tc%'") >t.sql