Excel简介
什么是excel就不用介绍了,这里主要说明不同版本下每个sheet下的行列限制。
版本区间 行数 列数 生成文件后缀
由上面可知 Excel 2003及以下是无法实现单sheet百万级的数据。
Apache POI
简介
Apache POI 是用Java编写的免费开源的跨平台的 Java API,Apache POI提供API给Java程式对Microsoft Office(Excel、WORD、PowerPoint、Visio等)格式档案读和写的功能。POI为“Poor Obfuscation Implementation”的首字母缩写,意为“可怜的模糊实现”。常用类
HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel XLS格式档案的功能。
XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX格式档案的功能。
SXSSF - 一种基于XSSF的低内存占用的API(3.8版本开始出现)。
HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word DOC97格式档案的功能。
XWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word DOC2003格式档案的功能。
HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。
HDGF - 提供读Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。
HPBF - 提供读Microsoft Publisher格式档案的功能。
HSMF - 提供读Microsoft Outlook格式档案的功能。
我们这里是导出Excel,所以使用的是前三个。
导出策略
- 方案
使用XSSF和SXSSF分别导入1w,10w,100w数据
使用SXSSF,SXSSF以10w分页,SXSSF多线程以10w分页导入100w数据 -
性能对比
时间不包含网络耗时
图片描述
总结
方案一:
数据在万条时XSSF和SXSSF相差不大
数据上十万后SXSSF性能开始突出
数据到达百万时,XSSF已不适合使用方案二:
不进行分表时,SXSSF最多可存储1048576行
百万级数据分表存储时,使用多线程导出几乎是不使用多线程导出的一半时间
最终我得出一个导出百万级数据的最高效方案:多线程分表导出
实战
新建一个Maven项目。
导入依赖
1:poi
2:poi-ooxml
3:poi-ooxml-schemas
4:dom4j
5:xmlbeans
org.apache.poi
poi
4.1.0
org.apache.poi
poi-ooxml
4.1.0
org.apache.poi
poi-ooxml-schemas
4.1.0
dom4j
dom4j
1.6.1
org.apache.xmlbeans
xmlbeans
3.1.0
- controller层:
package com.fjq.deriveexcelmillion;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author fjq
* @Description:
* @create 2019/12/10
*/
@RestController
public class DeriveExcelController {
public static final String[] TITLE = new String[]{"第1列", "第2列", "第3列", "第4列", "第5列", "第6列", "第7列", "第8列", "第9列", "第10列"};
public static final String SHEET_NAME = "sheet1";
@RequestMapping(value = "/exportThread")
@ResponseBody
public void exportSXSSFWorkbookByPageThread(HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//excel文件名
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss");
String date = dateFormat.format(new Date());
String fileName = date + ".xlsx";
//sheet页中的行数,行数数据;
Integer num = 1000000;
List> list = buildContent(num);
System.out.println("list:{"+list.size()+"}");
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
SXSSFWorkbook wb = ExcelUtil.exportExcel(TITLE, SHEET_NAME, list);
long millis = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
long second = millis / 1000;
System.out.println("SXSSF Page Thread 导出" + num + "条数据,花费:" + second + "s/ " + millis + "ms");
writeAndClose(response, fileName, wb);
wb.dispose();
}
/**
* 构建内容
*
* @param num
* @return
*/
private List> buildContent(int num) {
List> resultList = new ArrayList<>();
//小于当前的总行数
for (int i=1; i<=num;i++){ //i的值会在1~4之间变化
LinkedList linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
//合同编号
linkedList.add("1");
linkedList.add("2");
linkedList.add("3");
linkedList.add("4");
linkedList.add("5");
linkedList.add("6");
linkedList.add("7");
linkedList.add("8");
linkedList.add("9");
linkedList.add("10");
resultList.add(linkedList);
}
return resultList;
}
private void writeAndClose(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, Workbook wb) {
try {
this.setResponseHeader(response, fileName);
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
wb.write(os);
os.flush();
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void setResponseHeader(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName) {
try {
try {
fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes(), "UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream;charset=ISO8859-1");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
response.addHeader("Pargam", "no-cache");
response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
工具类:
package com.fjq.deriveexcelmillion;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import static java.util.concurrent.Executors.newFixedThreadPool;
/**
* @author fjq
* @Description:
* @create 2019/12/10
*/
public class ExcelUtil {
/**
* @Author: feijq
* @Description:导出修改
* @Date: 2019/7/5 11:01
**/
public static SXSSFWorkbook exportExcel(String[] title, String sheetName , List> list) {
SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook();
int count = 1;
CountDownLatch downLatch = new CountDownLatch(count);
Executor executor = newFixedThreadPool(count);
SXSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet(sheetName);
CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setWrapText(true);
executor.execute(new PageTask(downLatch, sheet, title, style, list));
try {
downLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return wb;
}
}
PageTask
package com.fjq.deriveexcelmillion;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
/**
* @author fjq
* @Description:
* @create 2019/12/10
*/
public class PageTask implements Runnable {
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
private Sheet sheet;
private String[] title;
private CellStyle style;
private List> list;
public PageTask(CountDownLatch countDownLatch, Sheet sheet, String[] title, CellStyle style, List> list) {
this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
this.sheet = sheet;
this.title = title;
this.style = style;
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
Cell cell = null;
for (int i = 0; i < title.length; i++) {
cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(title[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
}
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
LinkedList list1 = this.list.get(i);
row = sheet.createRow(i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < title.length; j++) {
row.createCell(j).setCellValue(list1.get(j));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (countDownLatch != null) {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
}
}
结果: 100万条数据 导出用时12s(没有组织数据的时间)