赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 053 Country Life 乡间生活

Screen Shot 2018-06-22 at 17.34.08.png

I. Reading 阅读

My parents prefer to live in the country. The streets there are cleaner. The air is fresher and the people are nicer and friendlier. Besides, it is busier and noisier in the city. But above all, it is safer to live in the country. My parents believe in the saying, "Safety first."

我爸妈比较喜欢住在乡下。那儿的街道比较干净。空气较新鲜，人也比较好，比较友善。而且，都市里比较忙碌，也比较吵。不过最重要的是，住在乡下较安全。我爸妈都相信这句格言：“安全至上。”

II. Vocabulary&ldioms 单词短语注解

1. parent ['pɛrənt] n.父或母
2. prefer [prɪ'fɝ] vt.比较喜欢
   prefer to+动词原形 比较喜欢······；宁愿······
   I prefer to stay in and rest tonight.
   (今晚我宁愿待在家里休息。)
3. country ['kʌntri] n.乡下(与定冠词the并用)
4. street [strit] n. 街
5. clean [klin] a.干净的
6. air [ɛr] n.空气
7. fresh [frɛʃ] a.新鲜的
8. friendly [ˈfrɛndlɪ] a.友善的
   be friendly with+人 对某人友善
   例: I am friendly with my neighbors.
   (我对我的邻居很友善。)
9. busy [ˈbɪzɪ] a.忙碌的
   be busy (in)+动名词 忙着从事......
   例: He is busy to write a letter. ( X )
   He is busy writing a letter. ( O )
   (他正忙着写信。)
10. noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a.吵闹的
    The television is too noisy; turn it down.
    (电视声音太大了，关小声点。)
11. city ['sɪti] n. 城市
12. above all 最重要的是
    =most important of all
    above all是作副词用的介词短语，使用时置于句首，之后置逗号，修饰全句。
    例: The doctor told my father to go on a diet. Above all, he told him to stop smoking.
    (医生叫我父亲节食。最重要的是，他叫他要戒烟。)
13. safe [sef] a.安全的
    safety ['sefti] n.安全
14. believe in... 笃信......
    believe [bɪ'liv] vi. & vt. 相信
    例: I believe in working hard.
    (我深信辛勤工作是对的。)
15. saying ['seɪŋ] n.格言

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

1. 本课仍侧重于形容词比较级的变化。如clean变成cleaner(更清洁的)、busy变成busier(更忙碌的)、noisy变成noisier(更吵闹的)、safe变成safer(更安全的)等。有关变化的原则，请参考Lesson 51的语法重点。

2. prefer的用法
   a. prefer to+动词原形 比较喜欢·····
   例: I prefer to listen to music.
   (我比较喜欢听音乐。)
   b. prefer to+动词原形+rather than+动词原形
   喜欢······胜于·····
   此处rather than视为并列连词，表示"而非"之意，连接两个动词原形。
   例: I prefer to listen to music rather than watch TV.
   (我喜欢听音乐胜于看电视。)
   c. prefer+名词+to+名词 喜欢······胜于·····
   此处to是介词，有"针对"的意味，"prefer A
   to B"表示"就A和B而言，比较喜欢A"。
   例: I prefer music to movies.
   (我喜欢音乐胜于电影。)

3. Besides, it is busier and noisier in the city.
   (而且，城市里比较忙碌，也比较吵。)
   此处的it是代词，泛指某地的环境。使用这个it时，句尾一定有一个表示场所的介词短语。
   中文：房间里很闷。(stuffy ['stʌfi] a.闷热的)
   英文: In the room is stuffy. ( X )
   理由：in the room是介词短语，不能作主语。只有名词或代词方可作主语。
   改正: It is stuffy in the room. ( O )
   说明：此处It指引司里的环境。

4. ... it is safer to live in the country.
   (···住在乡下较安全。)
   初学英文的人容易将这句中文译成:
   Live in the country is safer. ( X )
   这当然是错误的句子，因为动词不可以直接作主语。
   动词应变成不定式(即to+动词原形)或动名词(即动词字尾加-in名)方可作主语。故上句中的动词应变成To live或Living才合语法。即
   To live in the country is safer. ( O )
   = Living in the country is safer.
   (住在乡下较安全。)
   但这种不定式或动名词短语所形成的主语往往过大，故写作的人经常用it代替这些过大的主语，不定式或动名词短语则移至句尾，此时动名词亦常改为不定式。即
   To live in the country is safer. ( O )
   =It is safer to live in the country. ( 佳 )
   Living in the country is safer. ( O )
   =lt is safer living in the country. ( 佳 )
   =It is safer to live in the country. ( 佳 )
   了解上面的说明后，我们不妨试译下列中文句子中文：学英文很有趣。
   英文: Learn English is interesting. ( X )
   → Learning English is interesting. ( O )
   =lt is interesting to learn English. ( 佳 )

5. believe可作及物或不及物动词。believe作及物动词时，之后直接接宾语。believe若作不及物动词时，须接介词in之后，方可接宾语。区别如下
   believe+宾语 相信某人/某人的话
   believe in+宾语 坚信某格言/信仰某宗教/相信某种神的存在(强调信仰或信念)
   例: I believe him.
   (我相信他。)
   I believe what he says.
   (我相信他的话。)
   He believes in Buddhism.
   (他信奉佛教。)
   Do you believe in God?
   (你相信上帝的存在吗?)
   I believe in the saying,"Live and learn."
   (我认为：“活到老，学到老。”这句格言很有道理。)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. My parents prefer to live in the country.
   He prefers to eat in a restaurant.
   We prefer to swim in a swimming pool.
   Sarah prefers to drink black tea.
   I prefer reading history novels.
   (我父母比较喜欢住在乡下。)
   (他比较喜欢在餐厅吃饭。)
   (我们比较喜欢在游泳池游泳。)
   (萨拉比较喜欢喝红茶。)
   (我比较喜欢看历史小说。)
2. It is busier and noisier in the city.
   It is quieter and more relaxing in the country.
   It is hotter in the south.
   It is colder in the north.
   (都市里比较忙碌，也比较吵。)
   (乡下比较安静，也比较悠闲。)
   (南方比较热。)
   (北方比较冷。)

音频链接:

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GpU-ptUVVox_JJvSIN6nTg 密码: x6bx