是非之心

图片发自App

时隔几年，重读c.s.lewis ，依旧禁不住为这位牛津文学巨擘点赞。这本书实际上是作者在二次大战期间，通过BBC广播对基督的信仰。可以想象，硝烟滚滚，生灵涂炭，正是许多人对生命对人性对信仰绝望之际，这样内容的广播显得有点远离实际。但正是在那个环境，这个广播让人真正反思基督教信仰。在疑惑之际，提供坚定可清晰的信仰核心。这本书得以存留至今，并成为经典，可见其影响力。我常常想，在一切人性幽暗，动荡不安，黑暗笼罩大地的时代，其实也是现今时代，如果有一本书，一种声音，为我们娓娓道来生命中真正值得思考的问题，让我们从诅咒，困惑，迷茫，空虚里，进行人性的反思，找到生命方向，是多么幸运的事情。如果你能听到这样的真理，你的一生将为之改变。

c.s.lewis这本书，开始于他对人类吵架情形的思考。两个人吵架，总是试图用对方也能承认的东西证明自己有理。这是常识。很少有人说，我就是不讲理的人。去TM的理。作者紧接着问，这个理究竟是什么呢。吵架双方都在诉诸于一个更高的标准，一个大家都承认的是非观。从这个是非观，或者人性律中，为自己找到支持。

“Now what interests me about all these remarks is that the man who makes them is not merely saying that the other man's behaviour does not happen to please him. He is appealing to some kind of standard of behaviour which he expects the other man to know about. And the other man very seldom replies: To hell with your standard ' Nearly always he tries to make out that what he has been doing does not really go against the standard, or that if it does there is some special excuse. ”

是非之心，是一件非常明显的事实。如同在地球上，我们都受重力影响。我们的一举一动，一思一想，也受是非之心的影响。重力是自然规律。牛顿对此研究的非常清楚。是非之心当然也是一种律，属于人性的律或者道德律(区别于动物)。全世界尽管有各种不同的文化，道德律却基本相同。比如人知道不应该绝对自私，而无私是高尚的。如果你承认普遍的自然律的存在，也应该承认普遍的道德律的存在。我们都在道德律影响之下。

Now this Law or Rule about Right and Wrong used to be called the Law of Nature. Nowadays, when we talk of the “laws of nature”we usually mean things like gravitation,or heredity,or the laws of chemistry. But when the older thinkers called the Law of Right and Wrong the Law of Nature',they really meant the Law of Human Nature. The idea was that, just as all bodies are governed by the law of gravitation,and organisms by biological laws, so the creature called man also had his law—with this great difference, that a body could not choose whether it obeyed the law of gravitation or not,but a man could choose either to obey the Law of Human Nature

所以，人生活在世界上，无一例外的，我们都认为应该按照某种正确的方式生活。但问题是，我们并非按照我们认为正确的方式生活。这是第一章提到的观点。

These, then, are the two points I wanted to make. First,that human beings, all over the eart, have this curious idea that they ought to behave in a certain way, and cannot really get rid of it. Secondly, that they do not in fact behave in that way. They know the Law of Nature; they break it. These two facts are the foundation of all clear thinking about ourselves and the universe we live in.

为什么人类有是非之心？是非之心从何而来？是非之心的真正内涵又是什么？为什么尽管人类知道是非，却不能按照是非而活？我想这些问题，比牛顿研究的重心引力实在难的多。

后面的文章便会解答这一系列问题。