WCF开发之宿主（Hosting）

WCF想要对外提供服务，那么需要一个宿主来容纳这些服务。

宿主环境
• Self-hosting
– 控制台应用程序，Windows应用程序，Windows服务
– HTTP, TCP, named pipes, Microsoft® Message Queuing (MSMQ)
• IIS/Microsoft® ASP.NET
– HTTP
• Windows Activation Service （windows2008/IIS7的新东西）
– HTTP, TCP, named pipes, MSMQ

 

下面分别介绍这几种不同的宿主：

Self-Hosting
• ServiceHost实例必须进行初始化来为服务暴露出端点（endpoint）
• 每个ServiceHost与指定的服务类型（接口）相关联
• Self-hosting环境手动创建实例
• 核心方法：
– Open() – 打开信道监听器
– Close() – 关闭信道监听器

ServiceHost配置（1）
• 可以通过程序进行配置：
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService));
host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(HelloIndigo.IHelloIndigoService), new NetTcpBinding(),"net.tcp://localhost:9000/HelloIndigo");
host.Open();

ServiceHost配置（2）
以通过置设置进行初始化
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService));
host.Open();

• 可配：
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<service name="HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService" >
<endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:9000/HelloIndigoService" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="HelloIndigo.IHelloIndigoService" />
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>

这2个Demo就不给大家作了，在前面的文章中作了无数遍，呵呵。节约时间，继续往下看。

多服务（1）
ServiceHost hostA = null;
ServiceHost hostB = null;
try
{
hostA = new ServiceHost(typeof(BusinessServices.ServiceA));
hostB = new ServiceHost(typeof(BusinessServices.ServiceB));
hostA.Open();
hostB.Open();
Console.ReadLine();
}
finally
{
hostA.Close();
hostB.Close();
}

多服务（2）
<services>
<service name="BusinessServices.ServiceA">
<endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceA" contract="BusinessServices.IServiceA" binding="basicHttpBinding" />
</service>
<service name="BusinessServices.ServiceB">
<endpoint address="http://localhost:8000/ServiceB" contract="BusinessServices.IServiceB" binding="basicHttpBinding" />
</service>
</services>

ServiceHost事件
• 可以钩住ServiceHost事件：
– Opening, Opened
– Closing, Closed
– Faulted, UnknownMessageReceived
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(ExceptionService.Service));
host.Faulted += new EventHandler(OnFaulted);
host.Open();
static void OnFaulted(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// TODO: report to administrator
}

服务行为（Service Behaviors）
• 可以通过程序与服务行为进行交互， 也可以通过配置的方式
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(ExceptionService.Service));
ServiceDebugBehavior debugBehavior = host.Description.Behaviors.Find<ServiceDebugBehavior>();
if (debugBehavior == null)
{
debugBehavior = new ServiceDebugBehavior();
host.Description.Behaviors.Add(debugBehavior);
}
debugBehavior.IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true;
host.Open();

 

IIS/WAS宿主
请求根据.svc文件在IIS中的扩展映射到中WCFService中
<% @ServiceHost="HelloIndigo.HelloIndigoService" %>
• 服务类型与@ServiceHost的声明相关
• ServiceHost实例化为服务类型

Self-Hosting 与 IIS/WAS
• Self-hosted的端点（endpoint）可以直接进行配置
• IIS/WAS 端点与.svc文件相关联

对于传统的IIS来说，如果WCF用它来做宿主，那么只支持Http的binding。

对于传统的IIS作为宿主有一个好处，就是当客户端发起一个请求，每个不同的请求会在同一服务进程的不同Domain里处理，也就是说如果一个恶意的攻击成功了，他只会影响到某一个App Domain，其他的Domain不会受到影响仍然可以正常工作，服务本身的进程也不会受到影响、那些运行的dll也不会受到影响，这是IIS和.Net Framework的运行方式决定的，是特性。如果用命令行窗口程序的话，一旦恶意攻击成功，那么整个服务就用可能完全瘫痪。

WAS(Windows Process Activation Service)：他扩展出了不同Binding的监听器和接口，所以它可以适应更多的通信方式。IIS7中才支持。

Demo:

对于WAS目前只支持在IIS7中支持，并且操作系统Server2008。可以在Server Manager添加IIS7这个Feature，然后把WAS也同时安装进去，并且启动WAS服务Windows Process Activation Service。同时可以检查下Services里的相关监听器服务是否已启用（e.g. Net.Tcp.ListenerAdapter服务）。这些都没有问题了就可以使用WAS了。个人建议把所有WebServer的Feature都装上。

VS2008可以创建一个Web方式的WCF工程，很方便，变成方式一样，配置方式也差不多。应为时IIS管理服务，如果在IE中看不到服务的话，可以尝试选中目标虚拟目录，双击Directory Browsing，然后启用即可，一般都可以搞定。

唯一不太一样的地方是Service.svc: <%@ ServiceHost Language="C#" Debug="true" Service="Service" CodeBehind="~/App_Code/Service.cs" %> 其他都差不多，配置是防盗Web.config里的。

 

< %@ ServiceHost  Language ="C#"  Debug ="true"  Service ="Service"  CodeBehind ="~/App_Code/Service.cs"  % >

 

Web.config代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
    Note: As an alternative to hand editing this file you can use the 
    web admin tool to configure settings for your application. Use
    the Website->Asp.Net Configuration option in Visual Studio.
    A full list of settings and comments can be found in 
    machine.config.comments usually located in 
    \Windows\Microsoft.Net\Framework\v2.x\Config 
-->
< configuration >


     < configSections >
       < sectionGroup  name ="system.web.extensions"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" >
         < sectionGroup  name ="scripting"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" >
           < section  name ="scriptResourceHandler"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  requirePermission ="false"  allowDefinition ="MachineToApplication"   />
           < sectionGroup  name ="webServices"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" >
             < section  name ="jsonSerialization"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  requirePermission ="false"  allowDefinition ="Everywhere"   />
             < section  name ="profileService"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  requirePermission ="false"  allowDefinition ="MachineToApplication"   />
             < section  name ="authenticationService"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  requirePermission ="false"  allowDefinition ="MachineToApplication"   />
             < section  name ="roleService"  type ="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  requirePermission ="false"  allowDefinition ="MachineToApplication"   />
           </ sectionGroup >
         </ sectionGroup >
       </ sectionGroup >
     </ configSections >   


     < appSettings  />
     < connectionStrings  />

     < system.web >
         <!--
            Set compilation debug="true" to insert debugging 
            symbols into the compiled page. Because this 
            affects performance, set this value to true only 
            during development.
         -->
         < compilation  debug ="false" >

           < assemblies >
             < add  assembly ="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"   />
             < add  assembly ="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"   />
             < add  assembly ="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
             < add  assembly ="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"   />
           </ assemblies >

         </ compilation >
         <!--
            The <authentication> section enables configuration 
            of the security authentication mode used by 
            ASP.NET to identify an incoming user. 
         -->
         < authentication  mode ="Windows"   />
         <!--
            The <customErrors> section enables configuration 
            of what to do if/when an unhandled error occurs 
            during the execution of a request. Specifically, 
            it enables developers to configure html error pages 
            to be displayed in place of a error stack trace.

        <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm">
            <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" />
            <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" />
        </customErrors>
         -->


       < pages >
         < controls >
           < add  tagPrefix ="asp"  namespace ="System.Web.UI"  assembly ="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
         </ controls >
       </ pages >

       < httpHandlers >
         < remove  verb ="*"  path ="*.asmx"   />
         < add  verb ="*"  path ="*.asmx"  validate ="false"  type ="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
         < add  verb ="*"  path ="*_AppService.axd"  validate ="false"  type ="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
         < add  verb ="GET,HEAD"  path ="ScriptResource.axd"  type ="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"  validate ="false"   />
       </ httpHandlers >
       < httpModules >
         < add  name ="ScriptModule"  type ="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
       </ httpModules >


     </ system.web >

     < system.codedom >
       < compilers >
         < compiler  language ="c#;cs;csharp"  extension =".cs"  warningLevel ="4"  type ="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" >
           < providerOption  name ="CompilerVersion"  value ="v3.5"   />
           < providerOption  name ="WarnAsError"  value ="false"   />
         </ compiler >
         < compiler  language ="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript"  extension =".vb"  warningLevel ="4"  type ="Microsoft.VisualBasic.VBCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" >
           < providerOption  name ="CompilerVersion"  value ="v3.5"   />
           < providerOption  name ="OptionInfer"  value ="true"   />
           < providerOption  name ="WarnAsError"  value ="false"   />
         </ compiler >
       </ compilers >
     </ system.codedom >

     < system.web.extensions >
       < scripting >
         < webServices >
           <!--
              Uncomment this section to enable the authentication service. Include 
              requireSSL="true" if appropriate. 

          <authenticationService enabled="true" requireSSL = "true|false"/>
           -->
           <!--
              Uncomment these lines to enable the profile service, and to choose the 
              profile properties that can be retrieved and modified in ASP.NET AJAX 
              applications.

           <profileService enabled="true"
                           readAccessProperties="propertyname1,propertyname2"
                           writeAccessProperties="propertyname1,propertyname2" />
           -->
           <!--
              Uncomment this section to enable the role service.

          <roleService enabled="true"/>
           -->
         </ webServices >
         <!--
        <scriptResourceHandler enableCompression="true" enableCaching="true" />
         -->
       </ scripting >
     </ system.web.extensions >
     <!--
        The system.webServer section is required for running ASP.NET AJAX under Internet
        Information Services 7.0.  It is not necessary for previous version of IIS.
     -->
     < system.webServer >
       < validation  validateIntegratedModeConfiguration ="false"   />
       < modules >
         < add  name ="ScriptModule"  preCondition ="integratedMode"  type ="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
       </ modules >
       < handlers >
         < remove  name ="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"   />
         < add  name ="ScriptHandlerFactory"  verb ="*"  path ="*.asmx"  preCondition ="integratedMode"  type ="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
         < add  name ="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices"  verb ="*"  path ="*_AppService.axd"  preCondition ="integratedMode"  type ="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
         < add  name ="ScriptResource"  preCondition ="integratedMode"  verb ="GET,HEAD"  path ="ScriptResource.axd"  type ="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"   />
       </ handlers >
         < directoryBrowse  enabled ="true"   />
     </ system.webServer >


   < system.serviceModel >
     < services >
       < service  name ="Service"  behaviorConfiguration ="ServiceBehavior" >
         <!--  Service Endpoints  -->
         < endpoint  address ="wsHttp"  binding ="wsHttpBinding"  contract ="IService"  name ="wsHttpBinding_IService" >
           <!--  
              Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the 
              identity under which the deployed service runs.  If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity 
              automatically.
           -->
           < identity >
             < dns  value ="localhost"   />
           </ identity >
         </ endpoint >

         < endpoint  address ="netTcp"  contract ="IService"  binding ="netTcpBinding"  name ="netTcpBinding_IService"   />
         < endpoint  address ="netPipe"  contract ="IService"  binding ="netNamedPipeBinding"  name ="netNamedPipeBinding_IService"   />
         < endpoint  address ="basicHttp"  contract ="IService"  binding ="basicHttpBinding"  name ="basicHttpBinding_IService"   />
        
        
         < endpoint  address ="mex"  binding ="mexHttpBinding"  contract ="IMetadataExchange"   />
       </ service >
     </ services >
     < behaviors >
       < serviceBehaviors >
         < behavior  name ="ServiceBehavior" >
           <!--  To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment  -->
           < serviceMetadata  httpGetEnabled ="true"   />
           <!--  To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information  -->
           < serviceDebug  includeExceptionDetailInFaults ="true"   />
         </ behavior >
       </ serviceBehaviors >
     </ behaviors >
   </ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >

 

Service.cs 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Runtime.Serialization;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.Text;

//  NOTE: If you change the interface name "IService" here, you must also update the reference to "IService" in Web.config.
[ServiceContract]
public   interface  IService
{
    [OperationContract]
     string  GetData( int  value);
}

public   class  Service : IService
{
     public   string  GetData( int  value)
    {
         return   string .Format( " You entered: {0} " , value);
    }
}

 

 

Client 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;

namespace  ConsoleApplication1
{
     class  Program
    {
         static   void  Main( string [] args)
        {
            ServiceReference.ServiceClient proxy  =   new  ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient( " wsHttpBinding_IService " );
             string  s  =  proxy.GetData( 1 );
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy  =   new  ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient( " netTcpBinding_IService " );
            s  =  proxy.GetData( 2 );
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy  =   new  ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient( " netNamedPipeBinding_IService " );
            s  =  proxy.GetData( 3 );
            Console.WriteLine(s);

            proxy  =   new  ConsoleApplication1.ServiceReference.ServiceClient( " basicHttpBinding_IService " );
            s  =  proxy.GetData( 4 );
            Console.WriteLine(s);
        }
    }
}

 

可以看出客户端是通过名字来区别使用哪个通信协议的。

在这里还要提一下WAS的配置方法，本人搞了半天才研究明白。

这些是默认站点的Binding配置，使自动建立的，我们需要知道Type的名称。然后，把这些Type到家到服务的虚拟目录的Advanced-Settings里，如下图：

只用作了上面的配置，WCF的服务才可以利用WAS来正常被客户端引用，否则会报出异常。

 

Windows应用程序: 通常用于在客户端安装，来控制WCF服务的开启和关闭。

Windows应用程序（1）
• Windows® Forms 或者WPF
• 从客户端主机暴露服务
• 需要对上下文同步有所认识
– UI线程或者其他线程
• 值得注意：
– ServiceHost需要手动打开
–判断服务是否需要上下文同步

Windows应用程序（2）
• 如果ServiceHost在非UI线程上打开，服务操
作会在新线程上进行操作
• 如果在UI线程上调用，服务会自动加入到该线
程上，除非UseSynchronizationContext
设置为false
– 可配置的服务行为（service behavior）

有些东西要知道：

[ServiceBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext=true, ConcurrencyMode=ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant)]主要区别在于对线程的管理。

ConcurrencyMode.Single：对于一个服务对象的调用，同时只允许一个现成在处理。不可重入的调用模型。
ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant：可重入的调用模型，同时只允许一个现成在处理，当一个调用请求调用了服务的一个方法，在服务方法中有调用了自己本身。
ConcurrencyMode.Multiple：完全并发访问，同时只允许多个现成在处理，可重入，但要代码控制线程安全。

Callback的过程：

Client--Service Request-->Service (1)

Client<--Callback Request--Service (2)

Client--Callback Response-->Service (3)

Client<--Service Response--Service (4) 

总体看来，Window应用程序作为宿主，要考虑很多线程方便的东西，尤其是在callback的方式下，其他的宿主可以自动控制，所以相比之下Windows应用程序在这方便相对麻烦一些。

Demo：

MessagingService 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.Threading;
using  System.Windows.Forms;

namespace  Messaging
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace  =   " http://www.cnblogs.com/charlesliu " , CallbackContract  =   typeof (IMessagingServiceCallback))]
     public   interface  IMessagingService
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = false )]
         void  SendMessage( string  message);
    }

     public   interface  IMessagingServiceCallback
    {
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true )]
         void  MessageNotification( string  message);
    }

    [ServiceBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext = true , ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Reentrant)]
     public   class  MessagingService : IMessagingService
    {
         public   void  SendMessage( string  message)
        {
            IMessagingServiceCallback callback  =  OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel < IMessagingServiceCallback > ();
            MessageBox.Show(String.Format( " Message '{0}' received on thread {1} : MessageLoop = {2} " , message, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Application.MessageLoop),  " MessagingService.SendMessage() " );
            callback.MessageNotification( string .Format( " MessagingService received message at {0} " , DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()));
        }
    }
}

 

Windows host 代码

//  © 2007 Michele Leroux Bustamante. All rights reserved 
//  Book: Learning WCF, O'Reilly
//  Book Blog: www.thatindigogirl.com
//  Michele's Blog: www.dasblonde.net
//  IDesign: www.idesign.net

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Drawing;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Windows.Forms;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.Threading;

namespace  WindowsHost
{
     public   partial   class  Form1 : Form
    {
        ServiceHost m_serviceHost;

         public  Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
             this .button2.Enabled = false ;

            m_serviceHost  =   new  ServiceHost( typeof (Messaging.MessagingService));
        }

         private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             this .button1.Enabled  =   false ;
             this .button2.Enabled  =   true ;
            m_serviceHost.Open();
        }

         private   void  button2_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             this .button1.Enabled  =   true ;
             this .button2.Enabled  =   false ;
            m_serviceHost.Close();
        }

         private   void  Form1_FormClosing( object  sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            DialogResult result  =  MessageBox.Show( " Are you sure you want to close the service? " ,  " Service Controller " , MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button2);

             if  (result  ==  DialogResult.Yes)
            {
                 if  (m_serviceHost  !=   null )
                {
                    m_serviceHost.Close();
                    m_serviceHost  =   null ;
                }
            }
             else
                e.Cancel = true ;
        }

         private   void  Form1_Load( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             this .Text  +=   " : UI Thread  "   +  Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode();
        }


    }
}

 

Host config代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"  ?>
< configuration >
   < system.web >
     < compilation  debug ="true"   />
   </ system.web >
   <!--  When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's 
  app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries.  -->
   < system.serviceModel >
     < services >
       < service  name ="Messaging.MessagingService"  behaviorConfiguration ="Messaging.Service1Behavior" >
         < host >
           < baseAddresses >
             < add  baseAddress  = "net.tcp://localhost:8731/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/"   />
             < add  baseAddress  = "http://localhost:8732/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/"   />
           </ baseAddresses >
         </ host >
         <!--  Service Endpoints  -->
         <!--  Unless fully qualified, address is relative to base address supplied above  -->
         < endpoint  address  =""  binding ="netTcpBinding"  contract ="Messaging.IMessagingService" >
           <!--  
              Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the 
              identity under which the deployed service runs.  If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity 
              automatically.
           -->
           < identity >
             < dns  value ="localhost" />
           </ identity >
         </ endpoint >
         <!--  Metadata Endpoints  -->
         <!--  The Metadata Exchange endpoint is used by the service to describe itself to clients.  -->
         <!--  This endpoint does not use a secure binding and should be secured or removed before deployment  -->
         < endpoint  address ="mex"  binding ="mexHttpBinding"  contract ="IMetadataExchange" />
       </ service >
     </ services >
     < behaviors >
       < serviceBehaviors >
         < behavior  name ="Messaging.Service1Behavior" >
           <!--  To avoid disclosing metadata information, 
          set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment  -->
           < serviceMetadata  httpGetEnabled ="True" />
           <!--  To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, 
          set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment 
          to avoid disclosing exception information  -->
           < serviceDebug  includeExceptionDetailInFaults ="False"   />
         </ behavior >
       </ serviceBehaviors >
     </ behaviors >
   </ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >

 

Client 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Drawing;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Windows.Forms;
using  System.Threading;
using  WindowsClient.ServiceReference1;
using  System.ServiceModel;

namespace  WindowsClient
{
     public   partial   class  Form1 : Form
    {
        ServiceReference1.MessagingServiceClient proxy;

         public  Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
             this .Text  +=   " : ThreadId  "   +  Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString();
            MessagingServiceCallback callbackType  =   new  MessagingServiceCallback();
            InstanceContext context  =   new  InstanceContext(callbackType);
            proxy  =   new  MessagingServiceClient(context);

            
        }

         private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            proxy.SendMessage( string .Format( " Hello from {0}  " ,  this .Text));
        }
    }

    [CallbackBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext  =   false )]
     internal   class  MessagingServiceCallback : IMessagingServiceCallback
    {
         #region  IMessagingServiceCallback Members

         public   void  MessageNotification( string  message)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(String.Format( " Message '{0}' received on thread {1} : MessageLoop = {2} " , message, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode(), Application.MessageLoop),  " IMessagingServiceCallback.MessageNotification() " );
        }

         #endregion
    }
}

 

Windows服务宿主

• 用于无人值守的服务器主机
• 也可以部署在客户端主机
– 需要对Windows服务进行额外的配置
• 当主机启动时，宿主环境初始化，如果发生错误可以重新启动
• 打开与关闭Windows服务时，ServiceHost实例也会被打开与关闭

Demo：

 

Service 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.Threading;
using  System.Windows.Forms;

namespace  Messaging
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace  =   " http://www.cnblogs.com/charlesliu " )]
     public   interface  IMessagingService
    {
        [OperationContract]
         string  SendMessage( string  message);
    }

    [ServiceBehavior(UseSynchronizationContext = false )]
     public   class  MessagingService : IMessagingService
    {
         public   string  SendMessage( string  message)
        {
             return  String.Format( " Message '{0}' received on thread {1} " , message, Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode());
        }
    }
}

 

 

Windows Service Host代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Diagnostics;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.ServiceProcess;
using  System.Text;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  Messaging;

namespace  WindowsServiceHost
{
     public   partial   class  ServiceHost : ServiceBase
    {
        System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost host;

         public  ServiceHost()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
             this .ServiceName  =   " MessageServiceHost_EventLog " ;
        }

         protected   override   void  OnStart( string [] args)
        {
            host  =   new  System.ServiceModel.ServiceHost( typeof (MessagingService));
            host.Faulted += new  EventHandler(host_Faulted);
            host.Open();

             string  baseAddresses  =   "" ;
             foreach  (Uri address  in  host.BaseAddresses)
            {
                baseAddresses  +=   "   "   +  address.AbsoluteUri;
            }
             string  s  =  String.Format( " {0} listening at {1} " ,  this .ServiceName, baseAddresses);
             this .EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Information);
        }

         void  host_Faulted( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             string  s  =  String.Format( " {0} has faulted, notify administrators of this problem " ,  this .ServiceName);
             this .EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Error);
        }

         protected   override   void  OnStop()
        {
             if  (host  !=   null )
            {
                host.Close();
                 string  s  =  String.Format( " {0} stopped " ,  this .ServiceName);
                 this .EventLog.WriteEntry(s, EventLogEntryType.Information);
            }

            host  =   null ;
        }
    }
}

 

 

Host config 代码

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"  ?>
< configuration >
   < system.web >
     < compilation  debug ="true"   />
   </ system.web >
   <!--  When deploying the service library project, the content of the config file must be added to the host's 
  app.config file. System.Configuration does not support config files for libraries.  -->
   < system.serviceModel >
     < services >
       < service  name ="Messaging.MessagingService"  behaviorConfiguration ="Messaging.Service1Behavior" >
         < host >
           < baseAddresses >
             < add  baseAddress  = "net.tcp://localhost:8731/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/"   />
             < add  baseAddress  = "http://localhost:8732/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary1/Service1/"   />
           </ baseAddresses >
         </ host >
         <!--  Service Endpoints  -->
         <!--  Unless fully qualified, address is relative to base address supplied above  -->
         < endpoint  address  =""  binding ="netTcpBinding"  contract ="Messaging.IMessagingService" >
           <!--  
              Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the 
              identity under which the deployed service runs.  If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity 
              automatically.
           -->
           < identity >
             < dns  value ="localhost" />
           </ identity >
         </ endpoint >
         <!--  Metadata Endpoints  -->
         <!--  The Metadata Exchange endpoint is used by the service to describe itself to clients.  -->
         <!--  This endpoint does not use a secure binding and should be secured or removed before deployment  -->
         < endpoint  address ="mex"  binding ="mexHttpBinding"  contract ="IMetadataExchange" />
       </ service >
     </ services >
     < behaviors >
       < serviceBehaviors >
         < behavior  name ="Messaging.Service1Behavior" >
           <!--  To avoid disclosing metadata information, 
          set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment  -->
           < serviceMetadata  httpGetEnabled ="True" />
           <!--  To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, 
          set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment 
          to avoid disclosing exception information  -->
           < serviceDebug  includeExceptionDetailInFaults ="False"   />
         </ behavior >
       </ serviceBehaviors >
     </ behaviors >
   </ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >

 

对于Windows Service的开发这里不详细探讨，可以参考其他学习资料。其实很简单，上边的就是核心代码，写完后再设计窗口右键鼠标，选择Add Installer，会自动产生安装类。然后再VS2008.NET Command窗口，用installutil servicename.exe (/u)来安装和写在Windows Service， 然后就可以在管理工具/Service下找到这个Service了，开启服务后，Client就可以调用WCF服务了。

 

Client 代码

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.ComponentModel;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Drawing;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Windows.Forms;
using  System.Threading;
using  WindowsClient.ServiceReference1;
using  System.ServiceModel;

namespace  WindowsClient
{
     public   partial   class  Form1 : Form
    {
        ServiceReference1.MessagingServiceClient proxy;

         public  Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
             this .Text  +=   " : ThreadId  "   +  Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString();

            proxy  =   new  MessagingServiceClient();

            
        }

         private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(proxy.SendMessage( string .Format( " Hello from {0}  " ,  this .Text)));
        }
    }
}

 

 

宿主的应用场景
• 在每个平台上选择不同类型的宿主
• Windows Server® 2003
– 在IIS 6上应用HTTP协议
– 在Windows服务上应用non-HTTP
• Windows Server® 2008（Longhorn）
– 在IIS 7/WAS可以应用所有的协议
• Windows® XP Service Pack 2 与Windows Vista®
– 客户端主机运行Windows应用程序，或者Windows服务

（完）