软件测试之接口测试实验

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前言

软件测试之接口测试实验

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一、Postman+Fiddler实验

Postman

Fiddler

二、Flask框架开发接口实验

导入Flask

pip install Flask

导入pymysql

pip install pymysql

SQL语句

select * from test
insert into test(number,name) values (%s,%s)
delete from test where number = %s and name = %s
update test set name = %s where number = %s

代码：

from flask import Flask,request,redirect, url_for
import pymysql
import json

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/selectAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def selectAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    cur.execute('select * from test')
    data = cur.fetchall()
    data1 = []
    # 自己拼Json
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code':0,
        'data': []
    }
    for d in data:
        data2 = {
            'id':0,
            'number':"",
            'name':""
        }
        data2['id'] = d[0]
        data2['number'] = d[1]
        data2['name'] = d[2]
        data1.append(data2)
    result['data'] = data1
    result['msg'] = "success"
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/addAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def addAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('insert into test(number,name) values (%s,%s)',(number,name))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '添加成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '添加失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/deleteAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def deleteAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('delete from test where number = %s and name = %s',(number,name))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '删除成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '删除失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/updateAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def updateAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('update test set name = %s where number = %s',(name,number))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '修改成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '修改失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

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三、Unittest+requests接口测试实验

代码：

import unittest
import os
import requests
import xlrd
from parameterized import parameterized

# 项目路径
base_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))

def pustRequests(path,query,method):
    url ="http://127.0.0.1:5000%s"%path
    number = ''
    name = ''
    if query != '':
        number = query.split('&')[0].split('=')[1]
        name = query.split('&')[1].split('=')[1]
        print(number)
    if method == 'post' or method == 'POST':
        return requests.post(url=url,params={'number':number,'name':name}).json()
    if method == 'get' or method =='GET':
        return requests.get(url=url,params={'number':number,'name':name}).json()


# 读取测试用例Els(最新的xlrd不支持Excel)
def readExcel(file_name):
    path = base_path + '\\FlaskTest\\' + file_name
    work_book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)  # 打开Excel表
    sheets = work_book.sheet_names()  # 获取所有的sheets页
    DatasList = []
    for sheet in sheets:
        sheets = work_book.sheet_by_name(sheet)
        nrows = sheets.nrows
        for i in range(0, nrows):
            values = sheets.row_values(i)
            DatasList.append(values)
    title_list = DatasList[0]
    content_list = DatasList[1:]
    return content_list
    # new_list = []
    # for content in content_list:
    #     dic = {}
    #     for i in range(len(content)):
    #         dic[title_list[i]] = content[i]
    #     new_list.append(dic)
    # print(new_list)
    # return new_list

class testCase(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:  # setupclass类方法  全部用例开始前执行一次
        print('开始写入接口自动化测试用例')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        print('自动化接口用例结束')

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        print()
        print('开始本条接口用例')

    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        print('结束本条用例')
        print()

    # 开始使用parameterized
    @parameterized.expand(readExcel("AccountCase.xls"))
    def test_account(self,case_name,path,query,method):# 用例方法名开头必须test
        print("此次用例名为：" + str(case_name))
        print("路径为：" + str(path))
        print("参数为：" + str(query))
        print("方法为：" + str(method))
        print("返回结果为：" + str(pustRequests(path,query,method)))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    load = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestLogin)  # 使用loader加载方式 来找寻所有已test开头的用例
    suite = unittest.TestSuite([load, ])

parameterized只能对于数组有效，对于Json不太管用，所以获取表中测试实例的代码注释的那一段就是多余的！！！

四、Robotframework框架实验

安装Robotframework

安装Robotframework-ride

启动ride

新建测试用例：


用例代码：

*** Settings ***
Library           RequestsLibrary
Library           Collections

*** Test Cases ***
addAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /addAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    添加成功    ${msg}

selectAccont
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /selectAccount
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    查找成功    ${msg}

updateAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /updateAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    修改成功    ${msg}

deleteAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /deleteAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    删除成功    ${msg}

运行结果：

五、持续集成实验（Jenkins）

安装

运行

实验三定时：

构建命令：
PyCharm复制就行

实验四在实验三之后构建：

构建命令在ride运行的command，复制就行


运行效果：

POST是实验3的请求，GET是实验4的请求

六、Selenium（Python版本）

Win+R命令行输入pip install selenium

2、功能说明：
Selenium是ThoughtWork专门为Web应用程序编写的一个验收测试工具。支持的浏览器包括IE、Mozilla Firefox、MozillaSuite等。框架底层使用JavaScript模拟真实用户对浏览器进行操作。
功能：
（1）测试与浏览器的兼容性—测试你的应用程序看是否能够很好得工作在不同的浏览器和操作系统之上。
（2）测试系统功能—创建回归测试检验软件功能和用户需求。支持自动录制动作和自动生成.net、java、perl等不同语言的测试脚本。
3、使用Demo：
下载对应浏览器的驱动：

测试接口：

测试UI：
访问页面链接
获取对应id的输入框并进行输入
获取对应id的按钮并点击


使用代码：

#启动浏览器输入网址
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = chrome_driver)
url = ' http://localhost:8081/'
driver.get(url)

#寻找指定id的文本框输入值
driver.find_element_by_id('account').send_keys('123456')

#寻找指定id的按钮并点击
driver.find_element_by_id('login').click()

#寻找指定的xpath的控件并进行相关操作
driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/section/section/main/div[1]/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[4]/div/button[1]').click()

当实在不知道怎么找到某个控件的时候，可以尝试xpath，或者说，直接用xpath就完了，谁用谁上瘾

指定控件的xpath的获取方法（谷歌为例）：
在想要获取控件xpath的页面按下Fn+F12或者右键点击检查

选择指针工具，点击你想要的那个控件，会自动跳到该控件的html代码

右键相应的html代码，选择复制->复制完整XPath，就复制完毕了