Flex3到Flex4,增加了Spark组件,这是Flex的一次重要升级,基本上组件全部重写了一套,为了保持向下兼容,出现了同一组件两套实现并存的现象,虽然说Spark组件中也可嵌入MX组件,但实际使用常会遇到些小麻烦,例如mx:Tree滚动条异常,透明背景无法监听鼠标事件等等,如果你使用定制的组件,写法稍有不规范,就会出现Spark下显示异常,比如之前定制的TWaver圆角文本输入框就是如此,不得不在Spark下重新实现。
Spark最大的目的或许是方便Adobe兜售它的Flash Catalyst,当然这是个玩笑,Spark组件更加轻量,更易扩展。所有的Flex组件都从UIComponent继承,Spark组件也是如此,只不过它多了一层包装,从SkinnableComponent继承。MX中每个组件对应一个类,在Spark体系中,每个组件对应两个类,一个Component类,一个Skin类,例如按钮组件对应:spark.components.Button和spark.skins.spark.ButtonSkin,这种设计实现了组件行为逻辑与视图呈现的分离,就像将程序员和美工的工作分开一样,这也是MVC思想的产物。
Flex 3与Flex4的区别详见:
Differences between Flex 3 and Flex 4
what is difference in halo and spark in Flex3 and Flex4
前面提到Flash Catalyst,这就是Adobe提供的组件外观可视化编辑工具,这个工具主要针对美工、设计师,对于习惯于写代码的程序员们也可以使用Flash Builder 4+来定制组件。
回到实际问题,之前我定制的圆角文本输入框在Spark框架下出现了问题,我决定将其改造,使用定制组件Skin的方式实现圆角文本输入框。
我的需求很简单,文本框带圆角,其内放个图标,如同mac osx的搜索框。实现思路也很清晰,给矩形增加圆角,再多放个icon,定好位置,做好布局……
开始动手,按Spark组件定制的步骤,先定义组件类,再定义外观类。
组件类描述组件的行为和属性,这里我们定义一个CustomTextInput.as,继承于spark.components.TextInput,组件行为不需要特别定义,这里只是增加两个样式:icon和radius,分别表示图标和圆角半径,而具体的呈现将在Skin类中实现。
package component{ import skin.CustomTextInputSkin; import spark.components.TextInput; [Style(name="icon", inherit="no", type="Object")] [Style(name="radius", inherit="true", type="Number")] public class CustomTextInput extends TextInput{ [Embed(source="/images/search.png")] private const defaultIcon:Class; public function CustomTextInput(){ super(); this.setStyle('icon', defaultIcon); this.setStyle('radius', 10); this.setStyle("skinClass", CustomTextInputSkin); } } }
定义外观类外观类描述组件的呈现,这里我们按Flash Builder提示创建MXML Skin,选择名称为CustomTextInputSkin,设置Host component为component.CustomTextInput, 完成向导,自动生成文件CustomTextInputSkin.mxml
生成的文件实际上是默认TextInputSkin的复本,找到下面的片段:
<!-- border --> <!--- @private --> <s:Rect left="0" right="0" top="0" bottom="0" id="border"> <s:stroke> <!--- @private --> <s:SolidColorStroke id="borderStroke" weight="1" /> </s:stroke> </s:Rect> <!-- fill --> <!--- Defines the appearance of the TextInput component's background. --> <s:Rect id="background" left="1" right="1" top="1" bottom="1"> <s:fill> <!--- @private Defines the background fill color. --> <s:SolidColor id="bgFill" color="0xFFFFFF" /> </s:fill> </s:Rect> <!-- shadow --> <!--- @private --> <s:Rect left="1" top="1" right="1" height="1" id="shadow"> <s:fill> <s:SolidColor color="0x000000" alpha="0.12" /> </s:fill> </s:Rect> <!-- text --> <!--- @copy spark.components.supportClasses.SkinnableTextBase#textDisplay --> <s:RichEditableText id="textDisplay" verticalAlign="middle" widthInChars="10" left="1" right="1" top="1" bottom="1" />
其中边框,填充,阴影,文本框都有对应的块,分别对边框、填充、阴影添加圆角,并在文本块增加了图片组件,修改如下:
<!-- border --> <!--- @private --> <s:Rect left="0" right="0" top="0" bottom="0" id="border" radiusX="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" radiusY="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" > <s:stroke> <!--- @private --> <s:SolidColorStroke id="borderStroke" weight="1" /> </s:stroke> </s:Rect> <!-- fill --> <!--- Defines the appearance of the TextInput component's background. --> <s:Rect id="background" left="1" right="1" top="1" bottom="1" radiusX="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" radiusY="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" > <s:fill> <!--- @private Defines the background fill color. --> <s:SolidColor id="bgFill" color="0xFFFFFF" /> </s:fill> </s:Rect> <!-- shadow --> <!--- @private --> <s:Rect left="1" top="1" right="1" height="1" id="shadow" radiusX="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" radiusY="{hostComponent.getStyle('radius')}" > <s:fill> <s:SolidColor color="0x000000" alpha="0.12" /> </s:fill> </s:Rect> <s:HGroup id="textGroup" gap="0" height="100%" paddingLeft="4" paddingRight="4"> <!-- icon --> <s:Image id="icon" includeIn="normal" x="0" y="0" source="{hostComponent.getStyle('icon')}" verticalAlign="middle" height="100%"/> <!-- text --> <!--- @copy spark.components.supportClasses.SkinnableTextBase#textDisplay --> <s:RichEditableText id="textDisplay" verticalAlign="middle" widthInChars="10" left="1" right="1" top="1" bottom="1" height="100%"/> </s:HGroup>
使用运行测试定制的组件,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <s:Application xmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009" xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" xmlns:mx="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx" xmlns:component="component.*" > <s:VGroup paddingLeft="20" paddingTop="20"> <s:TextInput /> <component:CustomTextInput /> <component:CustomTextInput radius="12" icon="images/device.png" text="ABC Test ... hohoho" editable="false" /> </s:VGroup> </s:Application>
此代码使用的Flex SDK 4.5编译,需要在Flash Player 10.2+运行,当然你也可以稍微改造一下代码,使其兼容Flex SDK 4.0,如图标改s:Image为mx:Image:
<!-- icon --> <mx:Image id="icon" x="0" y="0" source="{hostComponent.getStyle('icon')}" verticalAlign="middle" height="100%"/>
http://www.unitedmindset.com/jonbcampos/2010/03/21/new-spark-skinning-workflow/
http://www.slideshare.net/danorlando/creating-custom-spark-components-in-flex-4
http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flex/videotraining/exercises/ex5_06.html