多线程间通信之AutoResetEvent和ManualResetEvent的原理分析和开发示例

AutoResetEvent 允许线程通过发信号互相通信。 通常,当线程需要独占访问资源时使用该类。

线程通过调用 AutoResetEvent 上的 WaitOne 来等待信号。 如果 AutoResetEvent 为非终止状态,则线程会被阻止,并等待当前控制资源的线程通过调用 Set 来通知资源可用。

调用 Set 向 AutoResetEvent 发信号以释放等待线程。 AutoResetEvent 将保持终止状态,直到一个正在等待的线程被释放,然后自动返回非终止状态。 如果没有任何线程在等待,则状态将无限期地保持为终止状态。

如果当 AutoResetEvent 为终止状态时线程调用 WaitOne,则线程不会被阻止。 AutoResetEvent 将立即释放线程并返回到非终止状态。

 

ManualResetEvent 允许线程通过发信号互相通信。 通常,此通信涉及一个线程在其他线程进行之前必须完成的任务。

当一个线程开始一个活动(此活动必须完成后,其他线程才能开始)时,它调用 Reset 以将 ManualResetEvent 置于非终止状态。 此线程可被视为控制 ManualResetEvent。 调用 ManualResetEvent 上的 WaitOne 的线程将阻止,并等待信号。 当控制线程完成活动时,它调用Set 以发出等待线程可以继续进行的信号。 并释放所有等待线程。

一旦它被终止,ManualResetEvent 将保持终止状态,直到它被手动重置。 即对 WaitOne 的调用将立即返回。

可以通过将布尔值传递给构造函数来控制 ManualResetEvent 的初始状态,如果初始状态处于终止状态,为 true;否则为 false。

ManualResetEvent 也可以同 staticWaitAll 和 WaitAny 方法一起使用。

 

生活中的例子

AutoResetEvent :在上海坐地铁,检票口有个刷卡的通道,一次只能一个人刷卡后通过,而我过后,它又是关闭的,另一个人又得再刷卡.一次操作,只有一个事件,这时就是非终止状态,一般是用来同步访问资源.

ManualResetEvent :公司园区的大门很大,一次可以多人通过。

 

ManualResetEvent和AutoResetEvent 比较

ManualResetEvent和AutoResetEvent都继承自EventWaitHandler,它们的唯一区别就在于父类 EventWaitHandler的构造函数参数EventResetMode不同,这样我们只要弄清了参数EventResetMode值不同时,EventWaitHandler类控制线程同步的行为有什么不同,两个子类也就清楚了。

共同点: 
A、Set方法将事件状态设置为终止状态,允许一个或多个等待线程继续;Reset方法将事件状态设置为非终止状态,导致线程阻止;WaitOne阻止当前线程,直到当前线程的WaitHandler收到事件信号。 
B、可以通过构造函数的参数值来决定其初始状态,若为true则事件为终止状态从而使线程为非阻塞状态,为false则线程为阻塞状态。 
C、如果某个线程调用WaitOne方法,则当事件状态为终止状态时,该线程会得到信号,继续向下执行。

不同点: 
A、AutoResetEvent.WaitOne()每次只允许一个线程进入,当某个线程得到信号后,AutoResetEvent会自动又将信号置为不发送状态,则其他调用WaitOne的线程只有继续等待,也就是说AutoResetEvent一次只唤醒一个线程; 
B、ManualResetEvent则可以唤醒多个线程,因为当某个线程调用了ManualResetEvent.Set()方法后,其他调用WaitOne的线程获得信号得以继续执行,而ManualResetEvent不会自动将信号置为不发送。

C、也就是说,除非手工调用了ManualResetEvent.Reset()方法,则ManualResetEvent将一直保持有信号状态,ManualResetEvent也就可以同时唤醒多个线程继续执行。

 

先看下AutoResetEvent 的代码

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namespace  System.Threading {
  
     using  System;
     using  System.Security.Permissions;
     using  System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
     [HostProtection(Synchronization= true , ExternalThreading= true )]
     [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible( true )]
     public  sealed  class  AutoResetEvent : EventWaitHandle
     {
         public  AutoResetEvent( bool  initialState) : base (initialState,EventResetMode.AutoReset){ }
     }
}

 

再来看下EventWaitHandle的代码

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namespace  System.Threading
{
     using  System;
     using  System.Threading;
     using  System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
     using  System.Security.Permissions;
     using  System.IO;
     using  Microsoft.Win32;
     using  Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
     using  System.Runtime.InteropServices;
     using  System.Runtime.Versioning;
#if !FEATURE_PAL
     using  System.Security.AccessControl;
#endif
 
     [HostProtection(Synchronization= true , ExternalThreading= true )]
     [ComVisibleAttribute( true )]
     public  class  EventWaitHandle : WaitHandle
     {
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine, ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  EventWaitHandle( bool  initialState, EventResetMode mode) : this (initialState,mode, null ) { }
 
         [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand,Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  EventWaitHandle( bool  initialState, EventResetMode mode, string  name)
         {
             if ( null  != name && System.IO.Path.MAX_PATH < name.Length)
             {
                 throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_WaitHandleNameTooLong" ,name));
             }
 
             SafeWaitHandle _handle = null ;
             switch (mode)
             {
                 case  EventResetMode.ManualReset:
                     _handle = Win32Native.CreateEvent( null , true , initialState, name);
                     break ;
                 case  EventResetMode.AutoReset:
                     _handle = Win32Native.CreateEvent( null , false , initialState, name);
                     break ;
 
                 default :
                     throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_InvalidFlag" ,name));
             };
  
             if  (_handle.IsInvalid)
             {
                 int  errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
 
                 _handle.SetHandleAsInvalid();
                 if ( null  != name && 0 != name.Length && Win32Native.ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE == errorCode)
                     throw  new  WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Threading.WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException_InvalidHandle" ,name));
  
                 __Error.WinIOError(errorCode, "" );
             }  
             SetHandleInternal(_handle);
         }
 
         [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand,Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  EventWaitHandle( bool  initialState, EventResetMode mode, string  name, out  bool  createdNew)
#if !FEATURE_PAL
             : this (initialState, mode, name, out  createdNew, null )
         {
         }
 
         [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand,Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  unsafe  EventWaitHandle( bool  initialState, EventResetMode mode, string  name, out  bool  createdNew, EventWaitHandleSecurity eventSecurity)
#endif
         {
             if ( null  != name && System.IO.Path.MAX_PATH < name.Length)
             {
                 throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_WaitHandleNameTooLong" ,name));
             }
             Win32Native.SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttrs = null ;
#if !FEATURE_PAL
             // For ACL's, get the security descriptor from the EventWaitHandleSecurity.
             if  (eventSecurity != null ) {
                 secAttrs = new  Win32Native.SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES();
                 secAttrs.nLength = ( int )Marshal.SizeOf(secAttrs);
 
                 byte [] sd = eventSecurity.GetSecurityDescriptorBinaryForm();
                 byte * pSecDescriptor = stackalloc  byte [sd.Length];
                 Buffer.memcpy(sd, 0, pSecDescriptor, 0, sd.Length);
                 secAttrs.pSecurityDescriptor = pSecDescriptor;
             }
#endif
 
             SafeWaitHandle _handle = null ;
             Boolean isManualReset;
             switch (mode)
             {
                 case  EventResetMode.ManualReset:
                     isManualReset = true ;
                     break ;
                 case  EventResetMode.AutoReset:
                     isManualReset = false ;
                     break ;
 
                 default :
                     throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_InvalidFlag" ,name));
             };
 
             _handle = Win32Native.CreateEvent(secAttrs, isManualReset, initialState, name);
             int  errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
 
             if  (_handle.IsInvalid)
             {
 
                 _handle.SetHandleAsInvalid();
                 if ( null  != name && 0 != name.Length && Win32Native.ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE == errorCode)
                     throw  new  WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Threading.WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException_InvalidHandle" ,name));
  
                 __Error.WinIOError(errorCode, name);
             }
             createdNew = errorCode != Win32Native.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
             SetHandleInternal(_handle);
         }
 
         private  EventWaitHandle(SafeWaitHandle handle)
         {
             SetHandleInternal(handle);
         }
 
         [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand,Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  static  EventWaitHandle OpenExisting( string  name)
         {
#if !FEATURE_PAL
             return  OpenExisting(name, EventWaitHandleRights.Modify | EventWaitHandleRights.Synchronize);
         }
 
         [SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand,Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
         [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
         public  static  EventWaitHandle OpenExisting( string  name, EventWaitHandleRights rights)
         {
#endif  // !FEATURE_PAL
             if  (name == null )
             {
                 throw  new  ArgumentNullException( "name" , Environment.GetResourceString( "ArgumentNull_WithParamName" ));
             }
 
             if (name.Length  == 0)
             {
                 throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_EmptyName" ), "name" );
             }
  
             if ( null  != name && System.IO.Path.MAX_PATH < name.Length)
             {
                 throw  new  ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Argument_WaitHandleNameTooLong" ,name));
             }
 
 
#if FEATURE_PAL
             SafeWaitHandle myHandle = Win32Native.OpenEvent(Win32Native.EVENT_MODIFY_STATE | Win32Native.SYNCHRONIZE, false , name);
#else
             SafeWaitHandle myHandle = Win32Native.OpenEvent(( int ) rights, false , name);
#endif
  
             if  (myHandle.IsInvalid)
             {
                 int  errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
  
                 if (Win32Native.ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND == errorCode || Win32Native.ERROR_INVALID_NAME == errorCode)
                     throw  new  WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException();
                 if ( null  != name && 0 != name.Length && Win32Native.ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE == errorCode)
                     throw  new  WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException(Environment.GetResourceString( "Threading.WaitHandleCannotBeOpenedException_InvalidHandle" ,name));
                 //this is for passed through Win32Native Errors
                 __Error.WinIOError(errorCode, "" );
             }
             return  new  EventWaitHandle(myHandle);
         }
         public  bool  Reset()
         {
             bool  res = Win32Native.ResetEvent(safeWaitHandle);
             if  (!res)
                 __Error.WinIOError();
             return  res;
         }
         public  bool  Set()
         {
             bool  res = Win32Native.SetEvent(safeWaitHandle);
  
             if  (!res)
                 __Error.WinIOError();
  
             return  res;
         }
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
         public  EventWaitHandleSecurity GetAccessControl()
         {
             return  new  EventWaitHandleSecurity(safeWaitHandle, AccessControlSections.Access | AccessControlSections.Owner | AccessControlSections.Group);
         }
  
         public  void  SetAccessControl(EventWaitHandleSecurity eventSecurity)
         {
             if  (eventSecurity == null )
                 throw  new  ArgumentNullException( "eventSecurity" );
 
             eventSecurity.Persist(safeWaitHandle);
         }
#endif
     }
}

 

再来看下ManualResetEvent的代码

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namespace  System.Threading {
  
     using  System;
     using  System.Security.Permissions;
     using  System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
     [HostProtection(Synchronization= true , ExternalThreading= true )]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible( true )]
     public  sealed  class  ManualResetEvent : EventWaitHandle
     {
         public  ManualResetEvent( bool  initialState) : base (initialState,EventResetMode.ManualReset){}
     }
}

 

其实这两个的差别就是AutoResetEvent是base(initialState,EventResetMode.AutoReset)而ManualResetEvent是base(initialState,EventResetMode.ManualReset).

AutoResetEvent是操作单个线程的,而ManualResetEvent可以操作多个线程.

 

AutoResetEvent开发示例

在主线程运行后,新开一个新线程,由新线程来控制主线程的等待和执行.

类关系图

image

 

代码实现

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//===============================================================================
//作者:Spring Yang
//日期:2011-10-12
//===============================================================================
namespace  TestMultipleThread
{
     using  System;
     using  System.Collections.Generic;
     using  System.Threading;
     public  class  ThreadWork
     {
         private  MainContext mainContext;
         private  ContextCache contextCache;
 
         public  ThreadWork()
         {
             contextCache = ContextCache.GetContextCache();
             mainContext = contextCache.GetContextByUserId( "001" );
         }
 
         public  void  Sum()
         {
             Console.WriteLine( string .Format( "this is thread ID {0}  execute" , Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId));
             for  ( int  i = 0; i < 10; i++)
             {
                 Thread.Sleep(10);
             }
             if  (mainContext != null  && mainContext.IsCrawlWait == false )
             {
                 mainContext.IsNTFSEvent = true ;
                 while  (mainContext.IsCrawlWait)
                 {
                     Thread.Sleep(25);
                 }
 
                 Console.WriteLine( "main thread is wait" );
                 Thread.Sleep(10000);
                 Console.WriteLine( "main thread is start" );
                 mainContext.IsNTFSEvent = false ;
                 mainContext.SetThread();
             }
 
         }
     }
 
     class  Program
     {
         public  static  void  Main()
         {
             MainContext mainContext = new  MainContext( "001" );
             mainContext.Save();
 
             //新开一个线程
             ThreadWork threadWork = new  ThreadWork();
             ThreadStart myThreadDelegate = new  ThreadStart(threadWork.Sum);
             Thread myThread = new  Thread(myThreadDelegate);
             myThread.Start();
 
             for  ( int  i = 0; i < 100; i++)
             {
                 if  (mainContext.IsNTFSEvent)
                     mainContext.ThreadWait();
                 Thread.Sleep(10);
             }
 
             Console.WriteLine( "main Thread continue" );
             Thread.Sleep(100000);
         }
 
 
 
         public  void  WriteMessage()
         {
             Console.WriteLine( "Stop the main thread." );
         }
     }
 
     public  class  MainContext
     {
         public  string  UserId { get ; set ; }
         //设置 AutoResetEvent
         public  AutoResetEvent WaitEvent;
 
         public  ContextCache contextCache;
 
         //设置线程等待
         public  void  ThreadWait()
         {
             if  (WaitEvent == null ) WaitEvent = new  AutoResetEvent( false );
 
             if  (IsNTFSEvent)
             {
                 IsCrawlWait = true ;
                 WaitEvent.WaitOne();
             }
         }
 
         public  MainContext( string  userID)
         {
             UserId = userID;
             IsCrawlWait = false ;
             IsNTFSEvent = false ;
             contextCache = ContextCache.GetContextCache();
         }
 
         public  void  Save()
         {
             contextCache.Save(UserId, this );
         }
 
         public  void  SetThread()
         {
 
             if  (!IsNTFSEvent && IsCrawlWait)
             {
                 IsCrawlWait = false ;
                 WaitEvent.Set();
             }
         }
 
         public  bool  IsCrawlWait { get ; set ; }
 
         public  bool  IsNTFSEvent { get ; set ; }
 
     }
 
     //单例模式,保存到内存中
     public  class  ContextCache
     {
         public  Dictionary< string , MainContext> dicMainContext = new  Dictionary< string , MainContext>();
 
         public  void  Save( string  userId, MainContext mainContext)
         {
             dicMainContext.Add(userId, mainContext);
         }
 
         private  static  ContextCache singleContextCache;
 
         public  MainContext GetContextByUserId( string  userId)
         {
             MainContext context;
             dicMainContext.TryGetValue(userId, out  context);
             return  context;
         }
 
         private  ContextCache()
         {
         }
 
         public  static  ContextCache GetContextCache()
         {
             if  (singleContextCache == null )
             {
                 singleContextCache = new  ContextCache();
             }
             return  singleContextCache;
         }
     }
}

 

 

运行结果

image

 

参考资料:

1、MSDN

2、C#多线程:深入了解线程同步lock,Monitor,Mutex,同步事件和等待句柄(中) 地址:  http://dongguojun.iteye.com/blog/960586

 

转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/springyangwc/archive/2011/10/12/2208991.html

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