目前在用vue开发的项目中,都会配合使用TypeScript进行一些约束。为了提高开发效率,往往会使用装饰器
来简化我们的代码。
本文主要介绍装饰器vue-property-decorator
和 vux-class
的使用。
1. 安装
npm i -S vue-property-decorator npm i -S vuex-class
2. vue-property-decorator
@Component
@Prop
@PropSync
@Model
@ModelSync
@Watch
@Provide
@Inject
@ProvideReactive
@InjectReactive
@Emit
@Ref
@VModel
@Component
import { Vue, Component } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component({ components:{ componentA, componentB, } }) export default class MyComponent extends Vue{ }
相当于:
export default{ name: 'MyComponent', components:{ componentA, componentB, } }
@Prop
@Prop(options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
表示:@Prop
装饰器接收一个参数,这个参数可以有三种写法:
- PropOptions:可以使用以下选项:type,required,default,validator
- Constructor:例如String,Number,Boolean等,指定 prop 的类型
- Constructor[]:指定 prop 的可选类型
例如:
import { Vue, Component, Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @Prop(Number) readonly propA: number | undefined @Prop({ default: 'default value' }) readonly propB!: string @Prop([String, Boolean]) readonly propC: string | boolean | undefined }
相当于:
export default { name: 'MyComponent', props: { propA: { type: Number, }, propB: { default: 'default value', }, propC: { type: [String, Boolean], }, },
@PropSync
@PropSync(propName: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
- propName 表示父组件传递过来的属性名
- 父组件要结合
.sync
来使用
例如:
// child.vue import { Vue, Component, PropSync } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @PropSync('name', { type: String }) syncedName!: string
相当于:
export default { name: 'MyComponent', props: { name: { type: String, }, }, computed: { syncedName: { get() { return this.name }, set(value) { this.$emit('update:name', value) }, }, }, }
@PropSync
的工作原理与@Prop
类似,除了接受propName作为装饰器的参数之外,它还在幕后创建了一个计算的getter和setter。通过这种方式,您可以像使用常规数据属性一样使用该属性,同时像在父组件中添加.sync
修饰符一样简单。
@Model
@Model
装饰器允许我们在一个组件上自定义v-model。
@Model(event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, Model } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @Model('change', { type: Boolean }) readonly checked!: boolean }
相当于:
export default { model: { prop: 'checked', event: 'change', }, props: { checked: { type: Boolean, }, }, }
@ModelSync
@ModelSync(propName: string, event?: string, options: (PropOptions | Constructor[] | Constructor) = {}) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, ModelSync } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @ModelSync('checked', 'change', { type: Boolean }) readonly checkedValue!: boolean }
相当于:
export default { model: { prop: 'checked', event: 'change', }, props: { checked: { type: Boolean, }, }, computed: { checkedValue: { get() { return this.checked }, set(value) { this.$emit('change', value) }, }, }, }
@Watch
@Watch(path: string, options: WatchOptions = {}) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, Watch } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @Watch('child') onChildChanged(val: string, oldVal: string) {} @Watch('person', { immediate: true, deep: true }) onPersonChanged1(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {} @Watch('person') onPersonChanged2(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {} }
相当于:
export default { watch: { child: [ { handler: 'onChildChanged', immediate: false, deep: false, }, ], person: [ { handler: 'onPersonChanged1', immediate: true, deep: true, }, { handler: 'onPersonChanged2', immediate: false, deep: false, }, ], }, methods: { onChildChanged(val, oldVal) {}, onPersonChanged1(val, oldVal) {}, onPersonChanged2(val, oldVal) {}, }, }
@Provide
| @Inject
@Provide(key?: string | symbol) decorator @Inject(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator
例如:
import { Component, Inject, Provide, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator' const symbol = Symbol('baz') @Component export class MyComponent extends Vue { @Inject() readonly foo!: string @Inject('bar') readonly bar!: string @Inject({ from: 'optional', default: 'default' }) readonly optional!: string @Inject(symbol) readonly baz!: string @Provide() foo = 'foo' @Provide('bar') baz = 'bar' }
相当于:
const symbol = Symbol('baz') export const MyComponent = Vue.extend({ inject: { foo: 'foo', bar: 'bar', optional: { from: 'optional', default: 'default' }, baz: symbol, }, data() { return { foo: 'foo', baz: 'bar', } }, provide() { return { foo: this.foo, bar: this.baz, } }, })
@ProvideReactive
| @InjectReactive
它们是@provider
和@Inject
的响应式版本。如果父组件修改了提供的值,那么子组件可以捕捉到这种修改。
@ProvideReactive(key?: string | symbol) decorato @InjectReactive(options?: { from?: InjectKey, default?: any } | InjectKey) decorator
例如:
const key = Symbol() @Component class ParentComponent extends Vue { @ProvideReactive() one = 'value' @ProvideReactive(key) two = 'value' } @Component class ChildComponent extends Vue { @InjectReactive() one!: string @InjectReactive(key) two!: string }
@Emit
@Emit(event?: string) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { count = 0 @Emit() addToCount(n: number) { this.count += n } @Emit('reset') resetCount() { this.count = 0 } @Emit() returnValue() { return 10 } @Emit() onInputChange(e) { return e.target.value } @Emit() promise() { return new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(() => { resolve(20) }, 0) }) } }
相当于:
export default { data() { return { count: 0, } }, methods: { addToCount(n) { this.count += n this.$emit('add-to-count', n) }, resetCount() { this.count = 0 this.$emit('reset') }, returnValue() { this.$emit('return-value', 10) }, onInputChange(e) { this.$emit('on-input-change', e.target.value, e) }, promise() { const promise = new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(() => { resolve(20) }, 0) }) promise.then((value) => { this.$emit('promise', value) }) }, }, }
@Ref
Ref(refKey?: string) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, Ref } from 'vue-property-decorator' import AnotherComponent from '@/path/to/another-component.vue' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @Ref() readonly anotherComponent!: AnotherComponent @Ref('aButton') readonly button!: HTMLButtonElement }
相当于:
export default { computed() { anotherComponent: { cache: false, get() { return this.$refs.anotherComponent as AnotherComponent } }, button: { cache: false, get() { return this.$refs.aButton as HTMLButtonElement } } } }
@VModel
@VModel(propsArgs?: PropOptions) decorator
例如:
import { Vue, Component, VModel } from 'vue-property-decorator' @Component export default class MyComponent extends Vue { @VModel({ type: String }) name!: string }
相当于:
export default { props: { value: { type: String, }, }, computed: { name: { get() { return this.value }, set(value) { this.$emit('input', value) }, }, }, }
3. vuex-class
@State
@Getter
@Action
@Mutation
namespace
import Vue from 'vue' import Component from 'vue-class-component' import { State, Getter, Action, Mutation, namespace } from 'vuex-class' const someModule = namespace('path/to/module') @Component export class MyComponent extends Vue { @State('foo') stateFoo @State(state => state.bar) stateBar @Getter('foo') getterFoo @Action('foo') actionFoo @Mutation('foo') mutationFoo @someModule.Getter('foo') moduleGetterFoo // 如果省略参数, 直接使用每一个 state/getter/action/mutation 类型的属性名称 @State foo @Getter bar @Action baz @Mutation qux created () { this.stateFoo // -> store.state.foo this.stateBar // -> store.state.bar this.getterFoo // -> store.getters.foo this.actionFoo({ value: true }) // -> store.dispatch('foo', { value: true }) this.mutationFoo({ value: true }) // -> store.commit('foo', { value: true }) this.moduleGetterFoo // -> store.getters['path/to/module/foo'] } }
到此这篇关于Vue装饰器中的vue-property-decorator 和 vux-class使用详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关vue-property-decorator 和 vux-class内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!