.net log4net
log4net 有四种主要的组件，
分别是Logger（记录器）,
Repository（库）,
Appender（附着器）
以及 Layout（布局）.
PatternLayout ，用户自定义格式，
内置参数如下
%m(message),输出的日志消息
%n(newline),换行
%d(datetime),输出当前语句运行的时刻
%r(runtime),输出程序从运行到当前语句时消耗的毫秒数
%t(thread id),输出当前语句运行的线程ID
%p(priority): 日志的当前日志级别
%c(class),输出当前语句所在的对象名称
%M(method),输出当前语句所在的方法名称
%f(file),输出当前语句所在的文件名称
%L(line),输出当前语句位于所在的文件中的行号
%l(location),输出当前语句位于的全限定类名，以及源文件和行号
%数字,表示该项的最小长度，如果不够则在左边用空格填充。如：%5p,表示输出日志级别，且长度最小为5个字符
%-数字,表示该项的最小长度，如果不够则在右边用空格填充。如：%-5p,表示输出日志级别，且长度最小为5个字符
%.数字,表示该项的最大长度，如果超出则截断
%数字.数字,表示该项的必须位于最小和最大长度之间，如果超出则截断, 不够则用空格填充
最佳实践： %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%L] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
Appender Filter
作用：默认情况下Appender对象会将所有日志信息都输出到相应的介质中，通过Appender Filter对象（命令空间：log4net.Filter）可以按照不同的标准过滤日志事件或内容。
内置的Filter组件：
DenyAllFilter ，阻止所有的日志事件被记录
LevelMatchFilter ，只有指定等级的日志事件才被记录
LevelRangeFilter ，日志等级在指定范围内的事件才被记录
LoggerMatchFilter ， Logger名称匹配才被记录
PropertyFilter ，消息匹配指定的属性值才被记录
StringMatchFilter ，消息匹配指定的字符串才被记录
Log4net的配置
注意：将log4net.config的属性“复制到输出目录”设置为“始终复制”
// 当configSections节点没有放在configuration节点下的第一个节点时，编译时不会报警告，但运行时不会记日志。
//这是因为自定义的节点configSections这个必须放在第一个，这是app.config文件的语法规定；
//MaxSizeRollBackups（每天记录的日志文件个数）和maximumFileSize（每个日志文件的最大大小）
调用
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using log4net;
using log4net.Config;
namespace Log4net
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
InitLog4Net();
// log4net 的日志对象管理器LogManager：logManager是用于管理所有的Logger对象的，GetLogger() 可以用来查找已经存在的Logger对象，
// 如果对象不存在它会**自动创建**一个Logger对象，并且管理它
var logger = LogManager.GetLogger("XXX");
logger.Info("消息");
logger.Warn("警告");
logger.Error("异常");
logger.Fatal("错误");
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static void InitLog4Net()
{
//Log4net框架会在 AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory 指向的目录路径下查找配置文件。
var logCfg = new FileInfo(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory +"log4net.config");
XmlConfigurator.ConfigureAndWatch(logCfg);
}
}
}
日志对象节点
显式配置日志对象。
.cs文件中的相应的调用方式 log4net.LogManager.GetLogger("test.Logging"); ## 关联配置文件 每个可独立执行的程序集均可以关联自己的配置文件。（组件库就使用调用者的配置文件好了） 在 AssemblyInfo.cs文件 中添加 [assembly:log4net.Config.DOMConfigurator([ConfigFile="配置文件名"|ConfigFileExtension="编译后配置文件的扩展名"][Watch=true/false]) ###### 参数说明： ConfigFile ：指定配置文件含扩展名的路径，如果为相对路径则以AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory为当前路径; ConfigFileExtension ：若程序编译后配置文件使用了不同的扩展名,则通过该属性指定，默认值为config，配置文件的最终名称为"应用程序名.exe.config"; 注意：ConfigFile和ConfigFileExtension属性是互斥的，仅能设置其中一个 Watch ：设置是否需要运行时监视文件的修改、重命名和删除等事件，若设置为true，则使用**FileSystemWatcher**来监视配置文件。 #### 输出日志的优化方式 /** * 由于触发日志事件时，会检查日志对象的级别是否满足日志事件的级别 * 先检测日志对象的级别，才触发日志事件 */ if (log.IsDebugEnabled) log.Debug("message.....");
各种存储log媒介
<log4net>
<!--MS SQL Server-->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<bufferSize value="100" />
<connectionType value="System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection, System.Data, Version=1.0.3300.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
<connectionString value="data source=[database server];initial catalog=[database name];integrated security=false;persist security info=True;User ID=[user];Password=[password]" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log ([Date],[Thread],[Level],[Logger],[Message],[Exception]) VALUES (@log_date, @thread, @log_level, @logger, @message, @exception)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@thread" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%thread" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="50" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="4000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@exception" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="2000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.ExceptionLayout" />
</parameter>
</appender>
<!--MS Access-->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender_Access" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<connectionString value="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=C:\log\access.mdb;User Id=;Password=;" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log ([Date],[Thread],[Level],[Logger],[Message]) VALUES (@log_date, @thread, @log_level, @logger, @message)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_date" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@thread" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%thread" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="50" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="1024" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
</appender>
<!--Oracle9i-->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender_Oracle" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<connectionType value="System.Data.OracleClient.OracleConnection, System.Data.OracleClient, Version=1.0.3300.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
<connectionString value="data source=[mydatabase];User ID=[user];Password=[password]" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log (Datetime,Thread,Log_Level,Logger,Message) VALUES (:log_date, :thread, :log_level, :logger, :message)" />
<bufferSize value="128" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value=":log_date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value=":thread" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%thread" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value=":log_level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="50" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value=":logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value=":message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="4000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
</appender>
<!--IBM DB2-->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<bufferSize value="100" />
<connectionType value="IBM.Data.DB2.DB2Connection,IBM.Data.DB2, Version=8.1.2.1" />
<connectionString value="server=192.168.0.0;database=dbuser;user Id=username;password=password;persist security info=true" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO myschema.Log (Date,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception) VALUES (@log_date,@thread,@log_level,@logger,@message,@exception)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@thread" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%thread" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="500" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="4000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@exception" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="2000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.ExceptionLayout" />
</parameter>
</appender>
<!--SQLite-->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<bufferSize value="100" />
<connectionType value="Finisar.SQLite.SQLiteConnection, SQLite.NET, Version=0.21.1869.3794, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c273bd375e695f9c" />
<connectionString value="Data Source=c:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\logs\\log4net.db;Version=3;" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log (Date, Level, Logger, Message) VALUES (@Date, @Level, @Logger, @Message)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
</appender>
<!--AspNetTraceAppender-->
<appender name="AspNetTraceAppender" type="log4net.Appender.AspNetTraceAppender" >
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--BufferingForwardingAppender-->
<!--<appender name="BufferingForwardingAppender" type="log4net.Appender.BufferingForwardingAppender" >
<bufferSize value="100"/>
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
</appender>-->
<appender name="BufferingForwardingAppender" type="log4net.Appender.BufferingForwardingAppender" >
<bufferSize value="512" />
<lossy value="true" />
<evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator">
<threshold value="WARN"/>
</evaluator>
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
</appender>
<!--ColoredConsoleAppender-->
<!--<appender name="ColoredConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ColoredConsoleAppender">
<mapping>
<level value="ERROR" />
<foreColor value="White" />
<backColor value="Red, HighIntensity" />
</mapping>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="ColoredConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ColoredConsoleAppender">
<mapping>
<level value="ERROR" />
<foreColor value="White" />
<backColor value="Red, HighIntensity" />
</mapping>
<mapping>
<level value="DEBUG" />
<backColor value="Green" />
</mapping>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--ConsoleAppender-->
<!--<appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender">
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender">
<target value="Console.Error" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--EventLogAppender-->
<!--<appender name="EventLogAppender" type="log4net.Appender.EventLogAppender" >
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="EventLogAppender" type="log4net.Appender.EventLogAppender" >
<applicationName value="MyApp" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--FileAppender-->
<!--<appender name="FileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender">
<file value="log-file.txt" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="FileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender">
<file value="${TMP}\log-file.txt" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<encoding value="unicodeFFFE" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="FileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender">
<file value="${TMP}\log-file.txt" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<lockingModel type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender+MinimalLock" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--ForwardingAppender-->
<appender name="ForwardingAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ForwardingAppender" >
<threshold value="WARN"/>
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
</appender>
<!--MemoryAppender-->
<appender name="MemoryAppender" type="log4net.Appender.MemoryAppender">
<onlyFixPartialEventData value="true" />
</appender>
<!--NetSendAppender-->
<appender name="MemoryAppender" type="log4net.Appender.MemoryAppender">
<onlyFixPartialEventData value="true" />
</appender>
<!--NetSendAppender-->
<appender name="NetSendAppender" type="log4net.Appender.NetSendAppender">
<threshold value="ERROR" />
<server value="SQUARE" />
<recipient value="nicko" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--OutputDebugStringAppender-->
<appender name="OutputDebugStringAppender" type="log4net.Appender.OutputDebugStringAppender" >
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--RemotingAppender-->
<!--<appender name="RemotingAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RemotingAppender" >
<sink value="tcp://localhost:8085/LoggingSink" />
<lossy value="false" />
<bufferSize value="95" />
<onlyFixPartialEventData value="true" />
</appender>-->
<appender name="RemotingAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RemotingAppender" >
<sink value="tcp://localhost:8085/LoggingSink" />
<lossy value="true" />
<bufferSize value="200" />
<onlyFixPartialEventData value="true" />
<evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator">
<threshold value="ERROR"/>
</evaluator>
</appender>
<!--RollingFileAppender-->
<!--<appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="log.txt" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<rollingStyle value="Size" />
<maxSizeRollBackups value="10" />
<maximumFileSize value="100KB" />
<staticLogFileName value="true" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="logfile" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<rollingStyle value="Date" />
<datePattern value="yyyyMMdd-HHmm" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="logfile" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<rollingStyle value="Composite" />
<datePattern value="yyyyMMdd" />
<maxSizeRollBackups value="10" />
<maximumFileSize value="1MB" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="logfile.txt" />
<appendToFile value="false" />
<rollingStyle value="Size" />
<maxSizeRollBackups value="-1" />
<maximumFileSize value="50GB" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--SmtpAppender-->
<!--<appender name="SmtpAppender" type="log4net.Appender.SmtpAppender">
<to value="[email protected]" />
<from value="[email protected]" />
<subject value="test logging message" />
<smtpHost value="SMTPServer.domain.com" />
<bufferSize value="512" />
<lossy value="true" />
<evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator">
<threshold value="WARN"/>
</evaluator>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%newline%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline%newline%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="SmtpAppender" type="log4net.Appender.SmtpAppender">
<to value="[email protected]" />
<from value="[email protected]" />
<subject value="test logging message" />
<smtpHost value="SMTPServer.domain.com" />
<bufferSize value="512" />
<lossy value="false" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%newline%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline%newline%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>-->
<appender name="SmtpAppender" type="log4net.Appender.SmtpAppender,log4net">
<to value="[email protected]" />
<from value="[email protected]" />
<subject value="test logging message" />
<smtpHost value="SMTPServer.domain.com" />
<bufferSize value="512" />
<lossy value="false" />
<evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator,log4net">
<threshold value="WARN" />
</evaluator>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout,log4net">
<conversionPattern value="%property{log4net:HostName} :: %level :: %message %newlineLogger: %logger%newlineThread: %thread%newlineDate: %date%newlineNDC: %property{NDC}%newline%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--SmtpPickupDirAppender-->
<appender name="SmtpPickupDirAppender" type="log4net.Appender.SmtpPickupDirAppender">
<to value="[email protected]" />
<from value="[email protected]" />
<subject value="test logging message" />
<pickupDir value="C:\SmtpPickup" />
<bufferSize value="512" />
<lossy value="true" />
<evaluator type="log4net.Core.LevelEvaluator">
<threshold value="WARN"/>
</evaluator>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%newline%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline%newline%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--TraceAppender-->
<appender name="TraceAppender" type="log4net.Appender.TraceAppender">
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!--UdpAppender-->
<appender name="UdpAppender" type="log4net.Appender.UdpAppender">
<localPort value="8080" />
<remoteAddress value="224.0.0.1" />
<remotePort value="8080" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout, log4net">
<conversionPattern value="%-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
</log4net>