pytorch深度学习实践-卷积神经网络高级0111

B站 刘二大人：卷积神经网络（高级篇）

目录

1、超参数

2、1x1卷积核

3、初始模块代码实现

4、Residual残差网络解决梯度消失 

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1、超参数

在机器学习的上下文中，超参数是在开始学习过程之前设置值的参数。 相反，其他参数的值通过训练得出。

超参数：

• 定义关于模型的更高层次的概念，如复杂性或学习能力。

• 不能直接从标准模型培训过程中的数据中学习，需要预先定义。

• 可以通过设置不同的值，训练不同的模型和选择更好的测试值来决定

超参数的一些示例：

• 树的数量或树的深度

• 矩阵分解中潜在因素的数量

• 学习率（多种模式）

• 深层神经网络隐藏层数

• k均值聚类中的簇数

2、1x1卷积核

        使用1x1卷积核虽然参数量增加了，但是能够显著降低计算量。 

3、初始模块代码实现

 

 

        代码如下：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# prepare dataset
batch_size = 64
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))])  # 归一化,均值和方差

train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, shuffle=True, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)


# design model using class
class InceptionA(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels):
        super(InceptionA, self).__init__()
        self.branch1x1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 16, kernel_size=1)  # 通道数先不规定

        self.branch5x5_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 16, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch5x5_2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 24, kernel_size=5, padding=2)

        self.branch3x3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 16, kernel_size=1)
        self.branch3x3_2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 24, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.branch3x3_3 = nn.Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=3, padding=1)

        self.branch_pool = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, 24, kernel_size=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        branch1x1 = self.branch1x1(x)

        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_1(x)
        branch5x5 = self.branch5x5_2(branch5x5)

        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_1(x)
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_2(branch3x3)
        branch3x3 = self.branch3x3_3(branch3x3)

        branch_pool = F.avg_pool2d(x, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
        branch_pool = self.branch_pool(branch_pool)

        outputs = [branch1x1, branch5x5, branch3x3, branch_pool]
        return torch.cat(outputs, dim=1)  # b,c,w,h  通道对应的是dim=1


class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 10, kernel_size=5)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(88, 20, kernel_size=5)  # 88 = 24x3 + 16

        self.incep1 = InceptionA(in_channels=10)  # 与conv1 中的10对应
        self.incep2 = InceptionA(in_channels=20)  # 与conv2 中的20对应

        self.mp = nn.MaxPool2d(2)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(1408, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        in_size = x.size(0)
        x = F.relu(self.mp(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.incep1(x)
        x = F.relu(self.mp(self.conv2(x)))
        x = self.incep2(x)
        x = x.view(in_size, -1)
        x = self.fc(x)

        return x


model = Net()
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")  # 选择cuda，
model.to(device)  # 都放到cuda里面

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)


# training cycle forward, backward, update
def train(epoch):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        inputs, target = data
        inputs, target = inputs.to(device), target.to(device)  # 迁入gpu
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        outputs = model(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch + 1, batch_idx + 1, running_loss / 300))
            running_loss = 0.0


def test():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            images, labels = images.to(device), labels.to(device)  # 测试同样迁入gpu
            outputs = model(images)
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1)
            total += labels.size(0)
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
    print('accuracy on test set: %d %% ' % (100 * correct / total))
    return correct / total


if __name__ == '__main__':
    epoch_list = []
    acc_list = []

    for epoch in range(10):
        train(epoch)
        acc = test()
        epoch_list.append(epoch)
        acc_list.append(acc)

    plt.plot(epoch_list, acc_list)
    plt.ylabel('accuracy')
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    plt.show()

        结果：

 

4、Residual残差网络解决梯度消失 

 

        代码如下：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# prepare dataset
batch_size = 64
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))])  # 归一化,均值和方差

train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, shuffle=True, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)


# design model using class
class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, channels):
        super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
        self.channels = channels
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(channels, channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(channels, channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        y = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
        y = self.conv2(y)
        return F.relu(x + y)  # 残差


class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 16, kernel_size=5)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=5)  # 88 = 24x3 + 16

        self.rblock1 = ResidualBlock(16)
        self.rblock2 = ResidualBlock(32)

        self.mp = nn.MaxPool2d(2)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(512, 10) 

    def forward(self, x):
        in_size = x.size(0)

        x = self.mp(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.rblock1(x)
        x = self.mp(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = self.rblock2(x)

        x = x.view(in_size, -1)
        x = self.fc(x)
        return x


model = Net()
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")  # 选择cuda，
model.to(device)  # 都放到cuda里面

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)


# training cycle forward, backward, update
def train(epoch):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        inputs, target = data
        inputs, target = inputs.to(device), target.to(device)  # 迁入gpu
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        outputs = model(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch + 1, batch_idx + 1, running_loss / 300))
            running_loss = 0.0


def test():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            images, labels = images.to(device), labels.to(device)  # 测试同样迁入gpu
            outputs = model(images)
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1)
            total += labels.size(0)
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
    print('accuracy on test set: %d %% ' % (100 * correct / total))
    return correct / total


if __name__ == '__main__':
    epoch_list = []
    acc_list = []

    for epoch in range(10):
        train(epoch)
        acc = test()
        epoch_list.append(epoch)
        acc_list.append(acc)

    plt.plot(epoch_list, acc_list)
    plt.ylabel('accuracy')
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    plt.show()

         结果：