ios--OpenCV--视频捕获Camera

内容转自：http://www.myexception.cn/operating-system/1258905.html

视频捕获和AR可视化对于增强现实应用是不可或缺的。

视频捕获阶段主要包括从设备相机上接收帧，然后进行简单的操作（如色彩转换），把帧传递给处理管道。因为对每个帧的处理对AR应用相当关键，因此确保该过程的处理效率至关重要。最好达到最大性能的方式是直接访问从相机获取帧。

比如说，AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer和UIGetScreenImage，这两个类只能在IOS 3及以前使用。

苹果之所以抛弃它们，有两个主要原因：

1.没有直接从相机获取帧。因为为了获得一个位图（bitmap），程序不得不创建一个中间变量UIImage，然后把图像赋给它，作为返回值返回。这样对于AR这种需要频繁处理帧的应用相当不理智！

2.为了绘制一个AR画面，我们不得不添加一个透明的图层（transparent overlay view）去呈现AR。但是根据苹果的指导原则（apple guidelines），我们应该避免使用透明图层（non-opaque layers），因为对于移动设置的处理器很难在它上面进行渲染。

当然，我们也有一个有效的高性能的视频捕获方式：AVFoundation

AVCaptureDevice。这里代表抽象的硬件设备。

AVCaptureInput。这里代表输入设备（可以是它的子类），它配置抽象硬件设备的端口。

AVCaptureOutput。它代表输出数据，管理着输出到一个movie或者图像。

AVCaptureSession。它是input和output的桥梁。它协调着intput到output的数据传输。

启动相机关键代码：

#import 
#import 
#import 

#include "BGRAVideoFrame.h"
@protocol VideoSourceDelegate 
-(void)frameReady:(struct BGRAVideoFrame) frame;
@end

@interface VideoSource : NSObject
{
    
}

@property (nonatomic,retain) AVCaptureSession *captureSession;
@property (nonatomic,retain) AVCaptureDeviceInput *deviceInput;
@property (nonatomic,assign) id  delegate;

- (bool) startWithDevicePosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)
devicePosition;
//- (CameraCalibration) getCalibration;
//- (CGSize) getFrameSize;

@end

#import "VideoSource.h"

@implementation VideoSource
@synthesize captureSession,deviceInput,delegate;

- (void)dealloc
{
    [captureSession release];
    [deviceInput release];
    self.delegate = nil;
    [super dealloc];
}

- (id)init
{
    if (self = [super init])
    {
        captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
        if ([captureSession canSetSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480])
        {
            [captureSession setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480];
            NSLog(@"Set capture session preset AVCaptureSessionPreset640x480");
        }else if ([captureSession canSetSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetLow])
        {
            [captureSession setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetLow];
            NSLog(@"Set capture session preset AVCaptureSessionPresetLow");
        }
    }
    return self;
}

//外部调用，启动相机
- (bool) startWithDevicePosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)
devicePosition
{
    AVCaptureDevice *device = [self cameraWithPosition:devicePosition];
    if (!device) return FALSE;
    
    NSError *error = nil;
    AVCaptureDeviceInput *input = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:device error:&error];
    self.deviceInput = input;
    
    if (!error)//初始化没有发生错误
    {
        if ([[self captureSession] canAddInput:self.deviceInput])
        {
            [[self captureSession] addInput:self.deviceInput];
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"Couldn't add video input");
            return FALSE;
        }
    }else
    {
        NSLog(@"Couldn't create video input");
        return FALSE;
    }
    //添加输出
    [self addRawViewOutput];
    //开始视频捕捉
    [captureSession startRunning];
    return TRUE;
}

//获取相机
- (AVCaptureDevice *) cameraWithPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition) position
{
    NSArray *devices = [AVCaptureDevice devicesWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    for (AVCaptureDevice *device in devices)
    {
        if ([device position] == position)
        {
            return device;
        }
    }
    return nil;
}

//添加输出
- (void)addRawViewOutput
{
    AVCaptureVideoDataOutput *output = [[AVCaptureVideoDataOutput alloc] init];
    //同一时间只处理一帧，否则no
    output.alwaysDiscardsLateVideoFrames = YES;
    
    //创建操作队列
    dispatch_queue_t queue;
    queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.lanhaijiye", nil);
    
    [output setSampleBufferDelegate:self queue:queue];
    dispatch_release(queue);
    
    NSString *keyString = (NSString *)kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey;
    NSNumber *value = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA];
    
    NSDictionary *setting = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:value forKey:keyString];
    [output setVideoSettings:setting];
    
    if ([self.captureSession canAddOutput:output])
    {
        [self.captureSession addOutput:output];
    }
}

//- (CameraCalibration) getCalibration
//{
//    
//}
//
//- (CGSize) getFrameSize
//{
//    
//}

#pragma -mark AVCaptureOutput delegate

- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection
{
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    //给图像加把锁
    CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0);
    uint8_t *baseAddress = (uint8_t *)CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(imageBuffer);
    
    size_t width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(imageBuffer);
    size_t height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(imageBuffer);
    size_t stride = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(imageBuffer);
    
    BGRAVideoFrame frame = {width,height,stride,baseAddress};
    if (delegate && [delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(frameReady:)])
    {
        [delegate frameReady:frame];
    }
    //解锁
    CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer,0);
}

@end

启动相机：

VideoSource *source = [[VideoSource alloc] init];
    if([source startWithDevicePosition:AVCaptureDevicePositionFront])
    {
        NSLog(@"启动相机成功");
        [source setDelegate:self];
    }

相机输出回调：

- (void)frameReady:(struct BGRAVideoFrame)frame
{
    NSLog(@"file:%s method:%@",__FILE__,NSStringFromSelector(_cmd));
}

每一帧的结构体：

struct BGRAVideoFrame
{
    size_t width;
    size_t height;
    size_t stride;
    
    unsigned char *data;
};

备注：#import