English语法_句子类型

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	肯定句	否定句
1> 陈述句	I like playing basketball.	I don’t like playing basket ball.
2> 疑问句	Do you like playing basketball ?	Don’t you like playing basketball ?
3> 祈使句	Play basketball.	Don’t play basketball.
4> 感叹句	what a beautiful basketball !	——

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0> 概述

1> 陈述句

//------------------------------------//

2> 疑问句

分类
	> 一般疑问句
	> 否定疑问句
	> 特殊疑问句
	> 反义疑问句	
	> 选择疑问句
	> 间接疑问句
	> 修辞疑问句

2.1> 一般疑问句

1>	be动词型（is/was，are/were）
 Q: Are you a teacher?
 "you are a teacher"
 "be动词 are 【提前】"
	
 A: Yes, I am.  
 "肯定回答， am 代替am a teacher"
	
 A: No, I am not.
 "否定回答"
//------------------------------------//

2> 情态助动词型（can，should）
 Q: Can you make the tea?
 "You can make the tea"
 "can 【提前】"
 
 A: Yes, I can.
 A: No, I Can't.
 A: Yes, of course I can.
//------------------------------------//

3> 助动词型（do/does，did）
 Q: Do you like coffee?
 "like为实义动词，【加 助动词do】"
 
 A: Yes, I do.
 A: No, I don't.

 <错误例子>
 A: Yes, I like. (X)
 "like 是及物动词，后面必须接宾语"
//------------------------------------//

">闲砍哈<"
Q：为啥问句，be动词/助动词放前面？别扭的很！
A：外国people 喜欢开门见山，撇开稀的，唠干的，
   先来个Do 引起你注意，再说个陈述句。
   好比，咱的 "哎，吃的啥？"
//------------------------------------//

2.2> 否定疑问句

"{否定疑问句，就是一般疑问句的否定形式，一个意思}"

1>	be动词型（is/was，are/were）
 Q: Are you not a teacher?
 "you are not a teacher"
 "你不是个老师吗？"
 
 Q: Aren't you a teacher?
 "you aren't a teacher"
 "缩略形式"
	
 A: Yes, I am.  
 "肯定回答， am 代替am a teacher"
	
 A: No, I am not.
 "否定回答"

">闲砍哈<"
Q: 跟汉语区别大的很啊，别扭！
A：人家这有优点，不管你是问 "你是个老师吗?" 
   还是"你不是个老师吗？" 都是一个意思
   干脆，是我就YES， 不是就NO，管你哪个版本；
//------------------------------------//

2> 情态助动词型（can，should）
 Q: Can't you make the tea?
 "You can not make the tea"
 
 A: Yes, I can.
 A: No, I Can't.
 A: Yes, of course I can.
//------------------------------------//

3> 助动词型（do/does，did）
 Q: Don't you like coffee?
 
 A: Yes, I do.    // 是，我喜欢。
 A: No, I don't.  // 不，我不喜欢
//------------------------------------//

2.3> 特殊疑问句

疑问词分类：
>疑问代词：  who，whom，whose，which，what；
>疑问形容词：whose，which，what；
>疑问副词：  when，where，why，how； 

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// 疑问代词                           //
//------------------------------------//
1>What is your job?
你是做什么工作的?

"your job is what."
"what 代词，代替名词，engineer，teacher，programmer..."
"做宾语"

语序："what + 一般疑问"  // is 放主语前

>What is the weather like in spring?
"what 代词，做介词like的，宾语"
//------------------------------------//

2>Whom is this young man?
  Who  is this young man?
  这个年轻人是谁?

"This young man is who(m)."
"whom 代词，代替名词，做宾语" // 所以用宾格
"whom 是who的宾格形式，但发音啰嗦，简化为who也可以"

语序："who + 一般疑问句"
//------------------------------------//

3>Who invented the car?
  谁发明了汽车?
  
"Karl Benz invented the car."
"who 代词，代替名词卡尔·本茨, 做主语"

语序："陈述句语序"  
/*疑问词做主语或主语的定语时，语序是陈述句语序，不加助动词*/
>Who cooked dinner?
谁做的饭?
//------------------------------------//

//------------------------------------//
// 疑问形容词                         //
//------------------------------------//
1>Whose shirt is that?
 那是谁的衬衫?
 
"whose 形容词性物主代词， 修饰衬衫，做定语"
//------------------------------------//

2>Which book does the man want?
 这位男士要哪本书?

"which 形容词， 修饰book，做定语"
//------------------------------------//

3>What nationnality are you?
 你是哪国人?
"what 形容词，修饰nationnality，做定语 "

//------------------------------------//

//------------------------------------//
// 疑问副词                           //
//------------------------------------//
1>Where is T-Mac?
  麦迪在哪儿?
  "where 做副词，修饰is，做地点状语"
//------------------------------------//

2>Why do the children thank their teacher?
 为什么孩子门向老师致谢?
 "why 做副词，修饰thank， 做原因状语"

>Why can't Grorge type the letter?
"为什么乔治不能打这封信"

>Why did you shave your beard off，Harden?
"你为什么把胡子刮了，哈登？"
"did 体现时态，shave用原形"
//------------------------------------// 

3>How must Jordon clean the floor?
 Jordan需要如何来清扫地面?
"how 做副词，修饰clean，做方式状语"
//------------------------------------//

2.4> 反义疑问句

1> It's not you, is it?
"这不是你，对吗？"
A: That's right.
"不，是我"
//------------------------------------//

2> It is cheaper, isn't it?
"这更便宜些，是吗？"
A: It may be cheaper.
"可能是便宜些"
//------------------------------------//

句子结构：2类
1> 肯定陈述句 + 否定后缀；
2> 否定陈述句 + 肯定后缀；

"后缀中用代词，代替主语"
//------------------------------------//

1>That is sensational news, isn't it?
"这真是条轰动的信息，不是吗"
A: It certainly is.
"当然啦"
//------------------------------------//

2>You are Li Na, aren't you?
"你是李娜，对吗？"
A: That is right.
 "是"

3>You won the championship，didn't you?
"你赢得了冠军，不是吗"
A: No，I didn’t.
"不，不是"
//------------------------------------//

"否定后缀缩写"  // isn't, aren't, didn't;
//------------------------------------//

3> 祈使句

3.1> 肯定祈使句

1>Open the window，please.
"请打开窗户"

2>Shut the door.
"关上门"

3>Pass the ball to me.
"把球传给我"

"省略主语，动词原形开头"
"语法名称，代表用法"
//------------------------------------//

3.2> 否定祈使句

1>Don't do that.
"别那样做"

2>Don't put the phone here.
"别把手机放这"

3>Don't shoot yourself in the foot.
"不要搬起石头砸自己的脚"

"Don't + 动词原形"
//------------------------------------//

3.3> Let祈使句

1>Let's go and have a drink.
"让我们去喝点东西"

2>Don't let them grind you down.
"别让他们欺压你"
//------------------------------------//

4> 感叹句

4.1> what型

1>What a beautiful ship!
多漂亮的船啊！
"what, 独立的，感叹名词" // ？形容词 词性
"a beautiful ship, 名词短语"

">what + 名词短语，构成感叹句<"
//------------------------------------//

2>What a beautiful ship it is!
它是多么漂亮啊！
"it 主语，is谓语"
"it is 可省略"
//------------------------------------//

3>What beautiful ships!
"多漂亮的船"
"复数形式"

//可数名词，必须在句子中表现出单复数，就像动词对人称的变化

//------------------------------------//

4.2> How型

1>How beautiful a ship！
多漂亮的船啊！

"How, 可感叹形容词，副词，动词" // 副词词性
"类似于 very beautiful"
//------------------------------------//

>How beautiful ships!  ( X )
"ships，名词，名词前需要限定词"
>How beautiful these ships!		/* very beautiful ships 可以吗？ */
//------------------------------------//