OpenCV 是一个开源库,主要用于处理图像和视频以识别形状、对象、文本等。它主要与 python 一起使用。在本文中,我们将了解如何检测图像中的形状。为此,我们需要OpenCV 的cv2.findContours()函数,并且我们将使用cv2.drawContours()函数在图像上绘制边缘。轮廓是形状的轮廓或边界。
语法: cv2.findContours(src, contour_retrieval, contours_approximation)
参数:
- src:输入图像 n 维(但在我们的示例中,我们将使用
最首选的 2 维图像。)- 轮廓检索:
- cv.RETR_EXTERNAL:只检索极端外轮廓
- cv.RETR_LIST:检索所有轮廓而不建立任何层次关系。
- cv.RETR_TREE:检索所有轮廓并重建嵌套轮廓的完整层次结构。
- 轮廓近似:
- cv.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE:它将存储所有边界点。
- cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE:它将存储端点的数量(例如,如果是矩形,它将存储4个)
返回值:轮廓点列表
语法: cv.DrawContours(src、contour、contourIndex、color、thickness)
参数:
- src: n维图像
- 轮廓:可以列出轮廓点。
- 轮廓指数:
- -1:绘制所有轮廓
- 要绘制单个轮廓,我们可以在此处传递索引值
- 颜色:颜色值
- 厚度:轮廓的大小
输入:
程序:
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# reading image
img = cv2.imread( 'shapes.png' )
# converting image into grayscale image
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# setting threshold of gray image
_, threshold = cv2.threshold(gray, 127 , 255 , cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# using a findContours() function
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(
threshold, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
i = 0
# list for storing names of shapes
for contour in contours:
# here we are ignoring first counter because
# findcontour function detects whole image as shape
if i = = 0 :
i = 1
continue
# cv2.approxPloyDP() function to approximate the shape
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(
contour, 0.01 * cv2.arcLength(contour, True ), True )
# using drawContours() function
cv2.drawContours(img, [contour], 0 , ( 0 , 0 , 255 ), 5 )
# finding center point of shape
M = cv2.moments(contour)
if M[ 'm00' ] ! = 0.0 :
x = int (M[ 'm10' ] / M[ 'm00' ])
y = int (M[ 'm01' ] / M[ 'm00' ])
# putting shape name at center of each shape
if len (approx) = = 3 :
cv2.putText(img, 'Triangle' , (x, y),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6 , ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), 2 )
elif len (approx) = = 4 :
cv2.putText(img, 'Quadrilateral' , (x, y),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6 , ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), 2 )
elif len (approx) = = 5 :
cv2.putText(img, 'Pentagon' , (x, y),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6 , ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), 2 )
elif len (approx) = = 6 :
cv2.putText(img, 'Hexagon' , (x, y),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6 , ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), 2 )
else :
cv2.putText(img, 'circle' , (x, y),
cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.6 , ( 255 , 255 , 255 ), 2 )
# displaying the image after drawing contours
cv2.imshow( 'shapes' , img)
cv2.waitKey( 0 )
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
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输出: