keras的三种模型实现与区别说明

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前言

一、keras提供了三种定义模型的方式

1. 序列式(Sequential) API

序贯(sequential)API允许你为大多数问题逐层堆叠创建模型。虽然说对很多的应用来说，这样的一个手法很简单也解决了很多深度学习网络结构的构建，但是它也有限制－它不允许你创建模型有共享层或有多个输入或输出的网络。

2. 函数式(Functional) API

Keras函数式(functional)API为构建网络模型提供了更为灵活的方式。

它允许你定义多个输入或输出模型以及共享图层的模型。除此之外，它允许你定义动态(ad-hoc)的非周期性(acyclic)网络图。

模型是通过创建层的实例(layer instances)并将它们直接相互连接成对来定义的，然后定义一个模型(model)来指定那些层是要作为这个模型的输入和输出。

3.子类(Subclassing) API

补充知识：keras pytorch 构建模型对比

使用CIFAR10数据集，用三种框架构建Residual_Network作为例子，比较框架间的异同。

数据集格式

pytorch的数据集格式

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision

Download and construct CIFAR-10 dataset.

train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root=’…/…/data/’,
train=True,
download=True)

Fetch one data pair (read data from disk).

image, label = train_dataset[0]
print (image.size()) # torch.Size([3, 32, 32])
print (label) # 6
print (train_dataset.data.shape) # (50000, 32, 32, 3)

type(train_dataset.targets)==list

print (len(train_dataset.targets)) # 50000

Data loader (this provides queues and threads in a very simple way).

train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
batch_size=64,
shuffle=True)
“”"

演示DataLoader返回的数据结构

When iteration starts, queue and thread start to load data from files.

data_iter = iter(train_loader)

Mini-batch images and labels.

images, labels = data_iter.next()
print(images.shape) # torch.Size([100, 3, 32, 32])
print(labels.shape)

torch.Size([100]) 可见经过DataLoader后，labels由list变成了pytorch内置的tensor格式

“”"

一般使用的话是下面这种

Actual usage of the data loader is as below.

for images, labels in train_loader:

Training code should be written here.

pass

keras的数据格式

import keras
from keras.datasets import cifar10

(train_x, train_y) , (test_x, test_y) = cifar10.load_data()
print(train_x.shape) # ndarray 类型： (50000, 32, 32, 3)
print(train_y.shape) # (50000, 1)

输入网络的数据格式不同

"""
1: pytorch 都是内置torch.xxTensor输入网络，而keras的则是原生ndarray类型
2: 对于multi-class的其中一种loss，即cross-entropy loss 而言，
  pytorch的api为 CorssEntropyLoss, 但y_true不能用one-hoe编码！这与keras，tensorflow	    都不同。tensorflow相应的api为softmax_cross_entropy
  他们的api都仅限于multi-class classification
3*: 其实上面提到的api都属于categorical cross-entropy loss,
  又叫 softmax loss，是函数内部先进行了 softmax 激活，再经过cross-entropy loss。
  这个loss是cross-entropy loss的变种，
  cross-entropy loss又叫logistic loss 或 multinomial logistic loss。
  实现这种loss的函数不包括激活函数，需要自定义。
  pytorch对应的api为BCEloss(仅限于 binary classification),
  tensorflow 对应的api为 log_loss。
  cross-entropy loss的第二个变种是 binary cross-entropy loss 又叫 sigmoid cross-  entropy loss。
  函数内部先进行了sigmoid激活，再经过cross-entropy loss。
  pytorch对应的api为BCEWithLogitsLoss,
  tensorflow对应的api为sigmoid_cross_entropy
"""

pytorch

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
…
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
images = images.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)

# Forward pass
outputs = model(images)
# 对于multi-class cross-entropy loss
# 输入y_true不需要one-hot编码
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

…

keras

对于multi-class cross-entropy loss

输入y_true需要one-hot编码

train_y = keras.utils.to_categorical(train_y,10)
…
model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(train_x, train_y, batch_size=128),
validation_data=[test_x,test_y],
epochs=epochs,steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch, verbose=1)
…

整体流程

keras 流程

model = myModel()
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(0.001),loss="categorical_crossentropy",metrics=["accuracy"])
model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(train_x, train_y, batch_size=128),
          validation_data=[test_x,test_y],
          epochs=epochs,steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch, verbose=1, workers=4)
#Evaluate the accuracy of the test dataset
accuracy = model.evaluate(x=test_x,y=test_y,batch_size=128)
# 保存整个网络
model.save("cifar10model.h5")
"""
# https://blog.csdn.net/jiandanjinxin/article/details/77152530
# 使用
# keras.models.load_model("cifar10model.h5")

只保存architecture

json_string = model.to_json()

open(‘my_model_architecture.json’,‘w’).write(json_string)

使用

from keras.models import model_from_json

#model = model_from_json(open(‘my_model_architecture.json’).read())

只保存weights

model.save_weights(‘my_model_weights.h5’)

#需要在代码中初始化一个完全相同的模型

model.load_weights(‘my_model_weights.h5’)

#需要加载权重到不同的网络结构（有些层一样）中，例如fine-tune或transfer-learning，可以通过层名字来加载模型

model.load_weights(‘my_model_weights.h5’, by_name=True)

“”"

pytorch 流程

model = myModel()
# Loss and optimizer
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
images = images.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)

# Forward pass
outputs = model(images)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

# Backward and optimize
	# 将上次迭代计算的梯度值清0
optimizer.zero_grad()
# 反向传播，计算梯度值
loss.backward()
# 更新权值参数
optimizer.step()

model.eval()，让model变成测试模式，对dropout和batch normalization的操作在训练和测试的时候是不一样的

eval（）时，pytorch会自动把BN和DropOut固定住，不会取平均，而是用训练好的值。

不然的话，一旦test的batch_size过小，很容易就会被BN层导致生成图片颜色失真极大。

model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
correct = 0
total = 0
for images, labels in test_loader:
images = images.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)
outputs = model(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

print(‘Accuracy of the model on the test images: {} %’.format(100 * correct / total))

Save the model checkpoint

这是只保存了weights

torch.save(model.state_dict(), ‘resnet.ckpt’)
“”"

使用

myModel.load_state_dict(torch.load(‘params.ckpt’))

若想保存整个网络（architecture + weights)

torch.save(resnet, ‘model.ckpt’)

使用

#model = torch.load(‘model.ckpt’)
“”"

对比流程

#https://blog.csdn.net/dss_dssssd/article/details/83892824
"""
1: 准备数据(注意数据格式不同）
2: 定义网络结构model
3: 定义损失函数
4: 定义优化算法 optimizer
5: 训练-keras
	5.1:编译模型（传入loss function和optimizer等）
	5.2:训练模型（fit or fit_generator，传入数据)
5: 训练-pytorch
迭代训练：
	5.1:准备好tensor形式的输入数据和标签(可选)
	5.2:前向传播计算网络输出output和计算损失函数loss
	5.3:反向传播更新参数
		以下三句话一句也不能少：
		5.3.1:将上次迭代计算的梯度值清0
			optimizer.zero_grad()
		5.3.2:反向传播，计算梯度值
			loss.backward()
		5.3.3:更新权值参数
			optimizer.step()
6: 在测试集上测试-keras
	model.evaluate
6: 在测试集上测试-pytorch
  遍历测试集，自定义metric
7: 保存网络（可选） 具体实现参考上面代码
"""

构建网络

对比网络

1、对于keras，不需要input_channels，函数内部会自动获得，而pytorch则需要显示声明input_channels

2、对于pytorch Conv2d需要指定padding，而keras的则是same和valid两种选项（valid即padding=0）

3、keras的Flatten操作可以视作pytorch中的view

4、keras的dimension一般顺序是（H, W, C) (tensorflow 为backend的话），而pytorch的顺序则是（ C, H, W)

5、具体的变换可以参照下方，但由于没有学过pytorch，keras也刚入门，不能保证正确，日后学的更深入了之后再来看看。

pytorch 构建Residual-network

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

Device configuration

device = torch.device(‘cuda’ if torch.cuda.is_available() else ‘cpu’)

Hyper-parameters

num_epochs = 80
learning_rate = 0.001

Image preprocessing modules

transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Pad(4),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.RandomCrop(32),
transforms.ToTensor()])

CIFAR-10 dataset

train_dataset.data.shape

#Out[31]: (50000, 32, 32, 3)

train_dataset.targets list

len(list)=5000

train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root=’./data/’,
train=True,
transform=transform,
download=True)

test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root=’…/…/data/’,
train=False,
transform=transforms.ToTensor())

Data loader

train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
batch_size=100,
shuffle=True)

test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=test_dataset,
batch_size=100,
shuffle=False)

3x3 convolution

def conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
return nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3,
stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)

Residual block

class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
def init(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None):
super(ResidualBlock, self).init()
self.conv1 = conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv2 = conv3x3(out_channels, out_channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.downsample = downsample

def forward(self, x):
residual = x
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn2(out)
if self.downsample:
residual = self.downsample(x)
out += residual
out = self.relu(out)
return out

ResNet

class ResNet(nn.Module):
def init(self, block, layers, num_classes=10):
super(ResNet, self).init()
self.in_channels = 16
self.conv = conv3x3(3, 16)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(16)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.layer1 = self.make_layer(block, 16, layers[0])
self.layer2 = self.make_layer(block, 32, layers[1], 2)
self.layer3 = self.make_layer(block, 64, layers[2], 2)
self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(8)
self.fc = nn.Linear(64, num_classes)

def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
downsample = None
if (stride != 1) or (self.in_channels != out_channels):
downsample = nn.Sequential(
conv3x3(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels))
layers = []
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride, downsample))
self.in_channels = out_channels
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(block(out_channels, out_channels))
# [*[1,2,3]]
# Out[96]: [1, 2, 3]
return nn.Sequential(*layers)

def forward(self, x):
out = self.conv(x) # out.shape:torch.Size([100, 16, 32, 32])
out = self.bn(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.layer1(out)
out = self.layer2(out)
out = self.layer3(out)
out = self.avg_pool(out)
out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)
out = self.fc(out)
return out

model = ResNet(ResidualBlock, [2, 2, 2]).to(device)

pip install torchsummary or

git clone https://github.com/sksq96/pytorch-summary

from torchsummary import summary

input_size=(C,H,W)

summary(model, input_size=(3, 32, 32))

images,labels = iter(train_loader).next()
outputs = model(images)

Loss and optimizer

criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)

For updating learning rate

def update_lr(optimizer, lr):
for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
param_group[‘lr’] = lr

Train the model

total_step = len(train_loader)
curr_lr = learning_rate
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
images = images.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)

# Forward pass
outputs = model(images)
loss = criterion(outputs, labels)

# Backward and optimize
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()

if (i+1) % 100 == 0:
  print ("Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}] Loss: {:.4f}"
      .format(epoch+1, num_epochs, i+1, total_step, loss.item()))

Decay learning rate

if (epoch+1) % 20 == 0:
curr_lr /= 3
update_lr(optimizer, curr_lr)

Test the model

model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
correct = 0
total = 0
for images, labels in test_loader:
images = images.to(device)
labels = labels.to(device)
outputs = model(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

print(‘Accuracy of the model on the test images: {} %’.format(100 * correct / total))

Save the model checkpoint

torch.save(model.state_dict(), ‘resnet.ckpt’)

keras 对应的网络构建部分

"""
#pytorch
def conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
  return nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, 
           stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
"""

def conv3x3(x,out_channels, stride=1):
#out = spatial_2d_padding(x,padding=((1, 1), (1, 1)), data_format=“channels_last”)
return Conv2D(filters=out_channels, kernel_size=[3,3], strides=(stride,stride),padding=“same”)(x)

“”"

pytorch

Residual block

class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
def init(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=None):
super(ResidualBlock, self).init()
self.conv1 = conv3x3(in_channels, out_channels, stride)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv2 = conv3x3(out_channels, out_channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
self.downsample = downsample

def forward(self, x):
residual = x
out = self.conv1(x)
out = self.bn1(out)
out = self.relu(out)
out = self.conv2(out)
out = self.bn2(out)
if self.downsample:
residual = self.downsample(x)
out += residual
out = self.relu(out)
return out
“”"
def ResidualBlock(x, out_channels, stride=1, downsample=False):
residual = x
out = conv3x3(x, out_channels,stride)
out = BatchNormalization()(out)
out = Activation(“relu”)(out)
out = conv3x3(out, out_channels)
out = BatchNormalization()(out)
if downsample:
residual = conv3x3(residual, out_channels, stride=stride)
residual = BatchNormalization()(residual)
out = keras.layers.add([residual,out])
out = Activation(“relu”)(out)
return out
“”"
#pytorch
def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
downsample = None
if (stride != 1) or (self.in_channels != out_channels):
downsample = nn.Sequential(
conv3x3(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels))
layers = []
layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride, downsample))
self.in_channels = out_channels
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(block(out_channels, out_channels))
# [*[1,2,3]]
# Out[96]: [1, 2, 3]
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
“”"
def make_layer(x, out_channels, blocks, stride=1):
# tf backend: x.output_shape[-1]==out_channels
#print("x.shape[-1] ",x.shape[-1])
downsample = False
if (stride != 1) or (out_channels != x.shape[-1]):
downsample = True
out = ResidualBlock(x, out_channels, stride, downsample)
for i in range(1, blocks):
out = ResidualBlock(out, out_channels)
return out

def KerasResidual(input_shape):
images = Input(input_shape)
out = conv3x3(images,16) # out.shape=(None, 32, 32, 16)
out = BatchNormalization()(out)
out = Activation(“relu”)(out)
layer1_out = make_layer(out, 16, layers[0])
layer2_out = make_layer(layer1_out, 32, layers[1], 2)
layer3_out = make_layer(layer2_out, 64, layers[2], 2)
out = AveragePooling2D(pool_size=(8,8))(layer3_out)
out = Flatten()(out)

pytorch 的nn.CrossEntropyLoss()会首先执行softmax计算

当换成keras时，没有tf类似的softmax_cross_entropy

自带的categorical_crossentropy不会执行激活操作，因此得在Dense层加上activation

out = Dense(units=10, activation=“softmax”)(out)
model = Model(inputs=images,outputs=out)
return model

input_shape=(32, 32, 3)
layers=[2, 2, 2]
mymodel = KerasResidual(input_shape)
mymodel.summary()

pytorch model summary

----------------------------------------------------------------
    Layer (type)        Output Shape     Param #
================================================================
      Conv2d-1      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       432
    BatchNorm2d-2      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       32
       ReLU-3      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
      Conv2d-4      [-1, 16, 32, 32]      2,304
    BatchNorm2d-5      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       32
       ReLU-6      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
      Conv2d-7      [-1, 16, 32, 32]      2,304
    BatchNorm2d-8      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       32
       ReLU-9      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
  ResidualBlock-10      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
      Conv2d-11      [-1, 16, 32, 32]      2,304
   BatchNorm2d-12      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       32
       ReLU-13      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
      Conv2d-14      [-1, 16, 32, 32]      2,304
   BatchNorm2d-15      [-1, 16, 32, 32]       32
       ReLU-16      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
  ResidualBlock-17      [-1, 16, 32, 32]        0
      Conv2d-18      [-1, 32, 16, 16]      4,608
   BatchNorm2d-19      [-1, 32, 16, 16]       64
       ReLU-20      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
      Conv2d-21      [-1, 32, 16, 16]      9,216
   BatchNorm2d-22      [-1, 32, 16, 16]       64
      Conv2d-23      [-1, 32, 16, 16]      4,608
   BatchNorm2d-24      [-1, 32, 16, 16]       64
       ReLU-25      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
  ResidualBlock-26      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
      Conv2d-27      [-1, 32, 16, 16]      9,216
   BatchNorm2d-28      [-1, 32, 16, 16]       64
       ReLU-29      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
      Conv2d-30      [-1, 32, 16, 16]      9,216
   BatchNorm2d-31      [-1, 32, 16, 16]       64
       ReLU-32      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
  ResidualBlock-33      [-1, 32, 16, 16]        0
      Conv2d-34       [-1, 64, 8, 8]     18,432
   BatchNorm2d-35       [-1, 64, 8, 8]       128
       ReLU-36       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
      Conv2d-37       [-1, 64, 8, 8]     36,864
   BatchNorm2d-38       [-1, 64, 8, 8]       128
      Conv2d-39       [-1, 64, 8, 8]     18,432
   BatchNorm2d-40       [-1, 64, 8, 8]       128
       ReLU-41       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
  ResidualBlock-42       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
      Conv2d-43       [-1, 64, 8, 8]     36,864
   BatchNorm2d-44       [-1, 64, 8, 8]       128
       ReLU-45       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
      Conv2d-46       [-1, 64, 8, 8]     36,864
   BatchNorm2d-47       [-1, 64, 8, 8]       128
       ReLU-48       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
  ResidualBlock-49       [-1, 64, 8, 8]        0
    AvgPool2d-50       [-1, 64, 1, 1]        0
      Linear-51          [-1, 10]       650
================================================================
Total params: 195,738
Trainable params: 195,738
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.01
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 3.63
Params size (MB): 0.75
Estimated Total Size (MB): 4.38
----------------------------------------------------------------

keras model summary

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Layer (type)          Output Shape     Param #   Connected to           
==================================================================================================
input_26 (InputLayer)      (None, 32, 32, 3)  0                      
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_103 (Conv2D)       (None, 32, 32, 16)  448     input_26[0][0]          
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_99 (BatchNo (None, 32, 32, 16)  64     conv2d_103[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_87 (Activation)   (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      batch_normalization_99[0][0]   
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_104 (Conv2D)       (None, 32, 32, 16)  2320    activation_87[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_100 (BatchN (None, 32, 32, 16)  64     conv2d_104[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_88 (Activation)   (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      batch_normalization_100[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_105 (Conv2D)       (None, 32, 32, 16)  2320    activation_88[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_101 (BatchN (None, 32, 32, 16)  64     conv2d_105[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_34 (Add)          (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      activation_87[0][0]       
                                 batch_normalization_101[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_89 (Activation)   (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      add_34[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_106 (Conv2D)       (None, 32, 32, 16)  2320    activation_89[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_102 (BatchN (None, 32, 32, 16)  64     conv2d_106[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_90 (Activation)   (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      batch_normalization_102[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_107 (Conv2D)       (None, 32, 32, 16)  2320    activation_90[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_103 (BatchN (None, 32, 32, 16)  64     conv2d_107[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_35 (Add)          (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      activation_89[0][0]       
                                 batch_normalization_103[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_91 (Activation)   (None, 32, 32, 16)  0      add_35[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_108 (Conv2D)       (None, 16, 16, 32)  4640    activation_91[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_104 (BatchN (None, 16, 16, 32)  128     conv2d_108[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_92 (Activation)   (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      batch_normalization_104[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_110 (Conv2D)       (None, 16, 16, 32)  4640    activation_91[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_109 (Conv2D)       (None, 16, 16, 32)  9248    activation_92[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_106 (BatchN (None, 16, 16, 32)  128     conv2d_110[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_105 (BatchN (None, 16, 16, 32)  128     conv2d_109[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_36 (Add)          (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      batch_normalization_106[0][0]  
                                 batch_normalization_105[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_93 (Activation)   (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      add_36[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_111 (Conv2D)       (None, 16, 16, 32)  9248    activation_93[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_107 (BatchN (None, 16, 16, 32)  128     conv2d_111[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_94 (Activation)   (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      batch_normalization_107[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_112 (Conv2D)       (None, 16, 16, 32)  9248    activation_94[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_108 (BatchN (None, 16, 16, 32)  128     conv2d_112[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_37 (Add)          (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      activation_93[0][0]       
                                 batch_normalization_108[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_95 (Activation)   (None, 16, 16, 32)  0      add_37[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_113 (Conv2D)       (None, 8, 8, 64)   18496    activation_95[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_109 (BatchN (None, 8, 8, 64)   256     conv2d_113[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_96 (Activation)   (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      batch_normalization_109[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_115 (Conv2D)       (None, 8, 8, 64)   18496    activation_95[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_114 (Conv2D)       (None, 8, 8, 64)   36928    activation_96[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_111 (BatchN (None, 8, 8, 64)   256     conv2d_115[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_110 (BatchN (None, 8, 8, 64)   256     conv2d_114[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_38 (Add)          (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      batch_normalization_111[0][0]  
                                 batch_normalization_110[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_97 (Activation)   (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      add_38[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_116 (Conv2D)       (None, 8, 8, 64)   36928    activation_97[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_112 (BatchN (None, 8, 8, 64)   256     conv2d_116[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_98 (Activation)   (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      batch_normalization_112[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
conv2d_117 (Conv2D)       (None, 8, 8, 64)   36928    activation_98[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
batch_normalization_113 (BatchN (None, 8, 8, 64)   256     conv2d_117[0][0]         
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
add_39 (Add)          (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      activation_97[0][0]       
                                 batch_normalization_113[0][0]  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
activation_99 (Activation)   (None, 8, 8, 64)   0      add_39[0][0]           
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
average_pooling2d_2 (AveragePoo (None, 1, 1, 64)   0      activation_99[0][0]       
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
flatten_2 (Flatten)       (None, 64)      0      average_pooling2d_2[0][0]    
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
dense_2 (Dense)         (None, 10)      650     flatten_2[0][0]         
==================================================================================================
Total params: 197,418
Trainable params: 196,298
Non-trainable params: 1,120
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

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