Promise基础(消化错误和抛出错误)

then

then 函数的会接收两个回调函数,一个是 onFulfilled 函数,一个是 onRejected 函数

如果这两个回调函数没有写返回值,默认会 return undefined;

进入下一个函数的 onFulfilled 函数中

const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve(22);
});
p.then(
  (success1) => {
    console.log("success1", success1); // "success2" 22
    // 没写 return 默认返回 return undefined
  },
  (err1) => {
    console.log("err1", err1);
  }
).then(
  (success2) => {
    console.log("success2", success2); // "success2" undefined
  },
  (err2) => {
    console.log("err2", err2);
  }
);

在这两个回调中 return xxx ,相当于调用 return new Promise((resolve) => resolve(xxx));

const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve(22);
});
p.then(
  (success1) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve("success"));
    // 等价于
    return "success";
  },
  (err1) => {
    console.log("err1", err1);
  }
).then(
  (success2) => {
    console.log("success2", success2); // "success2" "success"
  },
  (err2) => {
    console.log("err2", err2);
  }
);

onFulfilled 函数和 onRejected 函数中默认返回的都是成功,如果需要返回失败需要显示调用 reject 或者用 throw 抛出错误可以

const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve(22);
});
p.then(
  (success1) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject("error"));
    // 等价于
    // throw "error";
  },
  (err1) => {
    console.log("err1", err1);
  }
).then(
  (success2) => {
    console.log("success2", success2);
  },
  (err2) => {
    console.log("err2", err2); // "err2" error
  }
);

总结:在 then 回调中 return xxx 会被自动包装成 return new Promise((resolve) => resolve(xxx));

catch

catch 是用来处理 rejected 状态,是 then 函数的一种特例,相当于 then(null, (err) => {});

catch 为什么能捕获前面的错误?

onRejected 函数中,如果没有显示抛出错误,默认会 return undefined; 进入一下个 onFulfilled 函数

finally

finally 不管当前 promise 是什么状态都会执行,也是 then 函数的一种特例,相当于 `then(result => result, err => new Promsie((\_, reject) => reject(err)));

Promise.resolve

Promise.resolvePromisefulfilled 状态时的简写,相当于 new Promise(resolve => resolve(xxx))

onFulfilled 函数接收参数

  • 当参数是普通参数时,会直接传递给后面 then 函数

    new Promise((resolve) => resolve({ name: "uccs" })).then((data) => {
      console.log(data);
    });
  • 当参数是 Promise 对象时,后面的 then 会根据传递的 Promise 对象的状态变化执行哪一个回调

    const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(resolve, 1000, "我执行了");
    });
    new Promise((resolve) => resolve(p)).then((data) => {
      console.log(data);
    });
  • 具有 then 方法的对象

    • 用这种这种方式,如果需要改变 Promise 状态是,不能使用 return 形式,这个 then 方法也是有两个回调函数的:onFulfilledonRejected

      const thenable = {
      then(resolve, reject) {
        console.log("thenable");
      },
      };
      new Promise((resolve) => resolve(thenable)).then((data) => {
      console.log(data);
      });

Promise.reject

Promise.rejectPromiserejected 状态是的简写,相当于 new Promise((_, reject) => reject(xxx))

onRejected 函数不管接收什么参数,都会原封不动的向后传递,作为后续方法的参数

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