【Java后端微信订阅消息推送】
Java后端微信小程序订阅消息推送
-
- 获取access_token
- 微信推送需要对应的账号所登陆小程序的openId
- 通过token进行访问微信小程序，然后根据openId进行精确消息订阅推送
- Http请求工具类
java 后端对微信小程序的消息订阅与推送，主要是利用小程序传值一个固定的code ，然后通过小程序 appId 和 secret ，获取access_token ，最后按照微信申请的消息发送模板进行推送。
获取access_token
public static String getAccessToken(String appid, String secret, Object dto) {
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";
String param = "grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret;
String result = HttpUtils.sendGet(url, param);
JSONObject object = JSON.parseObject(result);
String access_token = object.getString("access_token");
return access_token;
}
微信推送需要对应的账号所登陆小程序的openId
我这里是将用户登陆微信小程序时，保存openId到redis中
// 获取微信相关信息
public SysUser weChatLogin(SysUser sysUser, String wechatcode) {
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(wechatcode)) {//微信登录
//填写你小程序的appid 和 secret , 还有前端传给你的code ,最后一个参数是固定的
String token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session";// 官网默认请求接口
String param = "appid=" + thirdAppConfig.getWechat().getClientId()
+ "&secret=" + thirdAppConfig.getWechat().getClientSecret()
+ "&js_code=" + wechatcode
+ "&grant_type=authorization_code";
String json = HttpUtils.sendGet(token_url, param);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(json)) {
JSONObject object = JSON.parseObject(json);
if (object != null) {
//错误码
String errcode = object.getString("errcode");
//错误信息
String errmsg = object.getString("errmsg");
if ("-1".equals(errcode)) {
System.err.println(errmsg);
return null;
}
if ("4029".equals(errcode)) {
System.err.println(errmsg);
return null;
}
if ("45011".equals(errcode)) {
System.err.println(errmsg);
return null;
} else {//证明没问题
//保存openid 到你的数据库， 调用你的service 业务
String openId = object.getString("openid");
sysUser.setOpenid(openId);
sysUser.setUnionId(object.getString("unionid"));
sysUser.setSessionKey(object.getString("session_key"));//会话密钥 session_key
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("openId",openId);
redisCache.setCacheMap(sysUser.getUserId().toString(),map);
}
}
}
}
return sysUser;
}
通过token进行访问微信小程序，然后根据openId进行精确消息订阅推送
// 订阅消息推送
public static String getInfo(String appid, String secret, Object dto) {
String Access_Token = "";// 根据自己存储的方式获取token
// 微信小程序官方文档上可以看的请求地址
String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", Access_Token);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String json = restTemplate.postForObject(requestUrl, dto, String.class);
if (json != null) {
JSONObject jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(json);
System.out.println(jsonResult);
int errorCode = jsonResult.getInteger("errcode");
String errorMessage = jsonResult.getString("errmsg");
if (errorCode == 0) {
System.out.println("Send Success");
} else {
System.out.println("订阅消息发送失败:" + errorCode + "," + errorMessage);
}
System.out.println(json);
return json;
}
return null;
}
Http请求工具类
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.mskj.common.constant.Constants;
import com.mskj.common.utils.StringUtils;
/**
* 通用http发送方法
*
* @author mskj
*/
public class HttpUtils
{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url)
{
return sendGet(url, StringUtils.EMPTY);
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param)
{
return sendGet(url, param, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @param contentType 编码类型
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType)
{
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader in = null;
try
{
String urlNameString = StringUtils.isNotBlank(param) ? url + "?" + param : url;
log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
connection.connect();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
finally
{
try
{
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, String param)
{
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
try
{
String urlNameString = url;
log.info("sendPost - {}", urlNameString);
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
out.print(param);
out.flush();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
finally
{
try
{
if (out != null)
{
out.close();
}
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
public static String sendSSLPost(String url, String param)
{
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
try
{
log.info("sendSSLPost - {}", urlNameString);
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
URL console = new URL(urlNameString);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) console.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
conn.setHostnameVerifier(new TrustAnyHostnameVerifier());
conn.connect();
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String ret = "";
while ((ret = br.readLine()) != null)
{
if (ret != null && !"".equals(ret.trim()))
{
result.append(new String(ret.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8"));
}
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
conn.disconnect();
br.close();
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendSSLPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
return result.toString();
}
private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
{
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
{
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
{
return new X509Certificate[] {};
}
}
private static class TrustAnyHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier
{
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session)
{
return true;
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static String doPostHttps(String url,String jsonstr,String charset){
HttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
String result = null;
try{
httpClient = new SSLClient();
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
StringEntity se = new StringEntity(jsonstr);
se.setContentType("application/json");
se.setContentEncoding(charset);
httpPost.setEntity(se);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(10000).setConnectTimeout(10000).build();//设置请求和传输超时时间
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if(response != null){
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if(resEntity != null){
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
}
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 发送get请求
* @param url 链接地址
* @return
*/
public static String doGetHttps(String url){
String charset = "utf-8";
HttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpGet httpGet= null;
String result = null;
try {
httpClient = new SSLClient();
httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000).build();//设置请求和传输超时时间
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(response != null){
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if(resEntity != null){
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}