LeetCode140:Word Break II

题目:

Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.

Return all such possible sentences.

For example, given
s = "catsanddog",
dict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"].

A solution is ["cats and dog", "cat sand dog"].

解题思路:

这道题是上一道题Word Break升级版,难度更大些,需要用DP+DFS解决

这里采用DP中的自底向上实现,dp[i]表示前i个字符能否进行Wordbreak。当求解dp[i]时,可利用已经求解的dp[i-1],

dp[i-2]…dp[1],dp[0]进行求解。

对于dp[n]的求解,我们可以将n个字符进行切分求解,分为前i个字符和后n-i个字符,i可以为(0,1,2,3,4…n-1)

假设i为1时,可根据dp[i]和后面的n-1个字符组成的单词是否在dict中来判断dp[n],只要i(0,1,2,3,4…n-1)其中一种

情况为真,则dp[n]为true,表示可以进行workbreak。

因为本题需要重构结果,所以必须要有一个数据结构来保存每段长度的切割方案,这里我用unordered_map<int, vector<int> >进行保存,key为字符长度,vector保存该key对应的切割方案。

如何求得unordered_map<int, vector<int> >中的值呢?那就应该利用求解dp[i]时,每当有一种切割方案使得dp[i]为true时,将其对应的切割位置存放到i对应的vector中,待之后用于结果重构。

unordered_map<int, vector<int> >求得后,接下来是采用DFS算法进行结果重构,如代码执行结果图,当长度为10时,有一种切割方案,即在长度为7的位置进行切割,然后长度为7的切割方案又有两种3和4,长度为3和4时,切割方案都为0,所以采用DFS时,遍历顺序为7,3,0然后获得一种结果,之后回溯到7,4,因为4的切割方案为0,所以为7,4,0,又是一种结果。

实现代码:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include <vector>

#include <unordered_set>

#include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;



/*

Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.



Return all such possible sentences.



For example, given

s = "catsanddog",

dict = ["cat", "cats", "and", "sand", "dog"].



A solution is ["cats and dog", "cat sand dog"].

*/ 

class Solution {

public:

    vector<string>  wordBreak(string s, unordered_set<string> &dict) {

        vector<string> retvec;

        if(s.size() == 0 || dict.size() == 0)

            return retvec;

        int len = s.size();

        vector<bool> dp(len+1, false);//保存状态,dp[i]表示前i个字符是否可以进行wordBread

        unordered_map<int, vector<int> > hash_map;// 存放使得dp[i]为true的切割方案 

        dp[0] = true;

        for(int i = 1; i <= len; i++)

        {

            vector<int> vec;

             for(int j = 0; j < i; j++)

            {                

                if(dp[j] && dict.count(s.substr(j, i-j)) == 1)//对前i个字符进行切分时,只要有一种情况为true,则dp[i]=true 

                {

                    dp[i] = true;

                    vec.push_back(j);//放使得dp[i]为true的切割方案 

                }            

            }

            hash_map[i] = vec;           

        }



            

        for(int k = 1; k <= len; k++)

        {

            vector<int> tvec = hash_map[k];

            cout<<k<<":";

            vector<int>::iterator iter;

            for(iter = tvec.begin(); iter != tvec.end(); ++iter)

            {

                cout<<*iter<<" ";         

            }

            cout<<endl;

        }

        

        vector<int> curVec;

        getResult(hash_map, s, len, retvec, curVec);

        return retvec;

        

    }

    

    //采用DFS解决 

    void getResult(unordered_map<int, vector<int> > &hash_map,string s, int len, vector<string> &retvec, vector<int> &curVec)

    {

        if(len == 0)

        {

            string t;

            int start = 0;

            for(int i = curVec.size()-2; i >= 0; i--)

            {

                int c = curVec[i];

                t += s.substr(start, c-start);

                t += " ";

                start = c;               

            }

            t += s.substr(curVec[0]);

            retvec.push_back(t);

            return ;            

        }

        vector<int> tvec = hash_map[len];

        vector<int>::iterator iter;

        for(iter = tvec.begin(); iter != tvec.end(); ++iter)

        {

            curVec.push_back(*iter);

            getResult(hash_map, s, *iter, retvec, curVec);

            curVec.pop_back();           

        }

        

    }

      

};



int main(void)

{

    string s("catsanddog");

    unordered_set<string> dict;

    dict.insert("cat");

    dict.insert("cats");

    dict.insert("and");

    dict.insert("sand");

    dict.insert("dog");



    Solution solution;

    vector<string> retvec = solution.wordBreak(s, dict);

    vector<string>::iterator iter;

    for(iter = retvec.begin(); iter != retvec.end(); ++iter)

        cout<<*iter<<endl;





    return 0;

}

执行结果:

image

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