Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
专有名词 |
翻译 |
专有名词 |
翻译 |
Semantic Networks |
语义网络 |
Reification |
实体化 |
Abduction |
溯因推导 |
Deduction |
演绎 |
Induction |
归纳 |
Monotonic |
单调 |
2.【考点/客观题】常见的Deductive/logical methods【演绎/逻辑方法】
(1)Forward-chaining production rule systems【前向链式生产规则系统】
(2)Semantic networks【语义网络】 (3)Frame-based systems【框架系统】
(4)Description logics【逻辑描述】
3. 【考点/客观题】常见的Abductive/uncertain methods【溯因/不确定方法】
(1)Bayesian reasoning【贝叶斯推理】 (2)Default reasoning【默认推理】
(3)rule-based methods【基于规则方法】(4)Dempster-Shafer theory【D-S证据理论】
(5)fuzzy reasoning【模糊推理】
4. 【考点/客观题】语义网络概念:A semantic network is a simple representation scheme【一种简单表示方案】 that uses a graph of labeled nodes and labeled, directed arcs to encode knowledge.
5. 【考点/客观题】ISA与AKO
(1)ISA: link instances 【实例】to classes【类】
(2)AKO:classes【类】 to superclasses 【超类】
6. 【考点/客观题】连接类型
7. 【考点/客观题】实体化的概念:non-binary relationships 【非二进制的关系】can be represented by “turning the relationship into an object”
8.【考点/客观题】溯因推理相关内容
(1)溯因:a reasoning process that tries to form plausible 【看似合理的】explanations for observations
注意:从本质上来说溯因是unsound and uncertain【不可靠和不确定的】!!!
(2)Abductive reasoning【溯因推理】:Reasoning that derives an explanatory hypothesis from a given set of facts 【从一组给定的事实中推导出解释性假设的推理】
①word sense disambiguation in natural language process【词义消歧】
②image understanding【图像理解】 ③criminal investigation【刑事侦查】
④medical diagnosis 【医疗诊断】
9.【考点/客观题/主观题(简答题)】Three different logic-based reasoning systems:
abduction【溯因】/ deduction【演绎】/induction【归纳】比较
abduction (abductive reasoning) |
Deduction (deductive reasoning) |
Induction (inductive reasoning) |
reasons from causes to effects 【从结果倒推原因】 |
reasons from effects to causes 【原因推导出结果】 |
reasons from specific cases to general rules 【特殊情况推广到一般规律】 |
non-monotonic【非单调性】 |
monotonic【单调】 |
non-Monotonic【非单调】 |
uncertain 【不确定的】 |
Certain【确定的】 |
uncertain 【不确定的】 |
可信度会随着新的事实出现增加或者减弱 |
绝不会改变一个句子真值 |
许多假设也许是会被丢弃的 |
注意:演绎推理的结论一定正确!!!
10.【考点/客观题】不确定的来源
(1) Input (2)Knowledge (3)Output
11.【考点/客观题】uncertainty representations
14. 【考点/客观题】Uncertainty tradeoffs【不确定性的权衡】