线性回归是最简单和经典的回归模型。 假设输入xx为dd维,预测目标yy为连续型取值。线性回归的模型形式为:y=w0+w1x1+…+wdxdy=w0+w1x1+…+wdxd
下面我们通过线性回归构建房价预测模型,回归系数使用最小二乘法来估计。 我们的案例基于波士顿房价数据集,使用sklearn.linear_model模块提供的线性回归函数,构建房价预测模型,预测房价。
1.样本数:506
2.特征数量:13个连续特征(包括“类”属性“MEDV”),1个二进制值特征。
特征 | 说明 |
---|---|
CRIM | 城镇人均犯罪率 |
ZN | 大于25,000平方英尺的地块划分为住宅用地的比例 |
INDUS | 每个城镇非零售业务的比例 |
CHAS | 查尔斯河虚拟变量(如果管道界限= 1则为河; =0则不为河) |
NOX | 一氧化氮浓度(每千万份) |
RM | 每间住宅的平均房间数 |
AGE | 自住房屋是在1940年之前建造的比例 |
DIS | 到加州五个就业中心的加权距离 |
RAD | 对径向高速公路的可达性指数 |
TAX | 每10,000美元的全价物业税 |
PTRATIO | 城镇的学生与教师比例 |
B | 1000(Bk-0.63)^ 2其中Bk是城镇的黑人的比例 |
LSTAT | 低社会阶层人口比例% |
MEDV | 以1000美元为单位的自住房屋的中位数价值 |
sklearn.linear_model模块包含了常见的线性模型,即“预测目标能够表示成输入变量的线性组合形式”的模型。
在我们的例子中 y = 波士顿房价。x = 其余的输入变量。 首先,我们导入sklearn的linear_model模块。 然后将预测变量从DataFrame中删除。 最后创建一个线性模型对象mode。
bd网盘链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1YQvi5hf8iJ3CPtvSAZYQWg
提取码: 8888
Boston_housing_data.csv
CRIM,ZN,INDUS,CHAS,NOX,RM,AGE,DIS,RAD,TAX,PIRATIO,B,LSTAT,TARGET 0.00632,18,2.31,0,0.538,6.575,65.2,4.09,1,296,15.3,396.9,4.98,24 0.02731,0,7.07,0,0.469,6.421,78.9,4.9671,2,242,17.8,396.9,9.14,21.6 0.02729,0,7.07,0,0.469,7.185,61.1,4.9671,2,242,17.8,392.83,4.03,34.7 0.03237,0,2.18,0,0.458,6.998,45.8,6.0622,3,222,18.7,394.63,2.94,33.4 0.06905,0,2.18,0,0.458,7.147,54.2,6.0622,3,222,18.7,396.9,5.33,36.2 0.02985,0,2.18,0,0.458,6.43,58.7,6.0622,3,222,18.7,394.12,5.21,28.7 0.08829,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,6.012,66.6,5.5605,5,311,15.2,395.6,12.43,22.9 0.14455,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,6.172,96.1,5.9505,5,311,15.2,396.9,19.15,27.1 0.21124,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,5.631,100,6.0821,5,311,15.2,386.63,29.93,16.5 0.17004,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,6.004,85.9,6.5921,5,311,15.2,386.71,17.1,18.9 0.22489,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,6.377,94.3,6.3467,5,311,15.2,392.52,20.45,15 0.11747,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,6.009,82.9,6.2267,5,311,15.2,396.9,13.27,18.9 0.09378,12.5,7.87,0,0.524,5.889,39,5.4509,5,311,15.2,390.5,15.71,21.7 0.62976,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.949,61.8,4.7075,4,307,21,396.9,8.26,20.4 0.63796,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.096,84.5,4.4619,4,307,21,380.02,10.26,18.2 0.62739,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.834,56.5,4.4986,4,307,21,395.62,8.47,19.9 1.05393,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.935,29.3,4.4986,4,307,21,386.85,6.58,23.1 0.7842,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.99,81.7,4.2579,4,307,21,386.75,14.67,17.5 0.80271,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.456,36.6,3.7965,4,307,21,288.99,11.69,20.2 0.7258,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.727,69.5,3.7965,4,307,21,390.95,11.28,18.2 1.25179,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.57,98.1,3.7979,4,307,21,376.57,21.02,13.6 0.85204,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.965,89.2,4.0123,4,307,21,392.53,13.83,19.6 1.23247,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.142,91.7,3.9769,4,307,21,396.9,18.72,15.2 0.98843,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.813,100,4.0952,4,307,21,394.54,19.88,14.5 0.75026,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.924,94.1,4.3996,4,307,21,394.33,16.3,15.6 0.84054,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.599,85.7,4.4546,4,307,21,303.42,16.51,13.9 0.67191,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.813,90.3,4.682,4,307,21,376.88,14.81,16.6 0.95577,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.047,88.8,4.4534,4,307,21,306.38,17.28,14.8 0.77299,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.495,94.4,4.4547,4,307,21,387.94,12.8,18.4 1.00245,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.674,87.3,4.239,4,307,21,380.23,11.98,21 1.13081,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.713,94.1,4.233,4,307,21,360.17,22.6,12.7 1.35472,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.072,100,4.175,4,307,21,376.73,13.04,14.5 1.38799,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.95,82,3.99,4,307,21,232.6,27.71,13.2 1.15172,0,8.14,0,0.538,5.701,95,3.7872,4,307,21,358.77,18.35,13.1 1.61282,0,8.14,0,0.538,6.096,96.9,3.7598,4,307,21,248.31,20.34,13.5 0.06417,0,5.96,0,0.499,5.933,68.2,3.3603,5,279,19.2,396.9,9.68,18.9 0.09744,0,5.96,0,0.499,5.841,61.4,3.3779,5,279,19.2,377.56,11.41,20 0.08014,0,5.96,0,0.499,5.85,41.5,3.9342,5,279,19.2,396.9,8.77,21 0.17505,0,5.96,0,0.499,5.966,30.2,3.8473,5,279,19.2,393.43,10.13,24.7 0.02763,75,2.95,0,0.428,6.595,21.8,5.4011,3,252,18.3,395.63,4.32,30.8 0.03359,75,2.95,0,0.428,7.024,15.8,5.4011,3,252,18.3,395.62,1.98,34.9 0.12744,0,6.91,0,0.448,6.77,2.9,5.7209,3,233,17.9,385.41,4.84,26.6 0.1415,0,6.91,0,0.448,6.169,6.6,5.7209,3,233,17.9,383.37,5.81,25.3 0.15936,0,6.91,0,0.448,6.211,6.5,5.7209,3,233,17.9,394.46,7.44,24.7 0.12269,0,6.91,0,0.448,6.069,40,5.7209,3,233,17.9,389.39,9.55,21.2 0.17142,0,6.91,0,0.448,5.682,33.8,5.1004,3,233,17.9,396.9,10.21,19.3 0.18836,0,6.91,0,0.448,5.786,33.3,5.1004,3,233,17.9,396.9,14.15,20 0.22927,0,6.91,0,0.448,6.03,85.5,5.6894,3,233,17.9,392.74,18.8,16.6 0.25387,0,6.91,0,0.448,5.399,95.3,5.87,3,233,17.9,396.9,30.81,14.4 0.21977,0,6.91,0,0.448,5.602,62,6.0877,3,233,17.9,396.9,16.2,19.4 0.08873,21,5.64,0,0.439,5.963,45.7,6.8147,4,243,16.8,395.56,13.45,19.7 0.04337,21,5.64,0,0.439,6.115,63,6.8147,4,243,16.8,393.97,9.43,20.5 0.0536,21,5.64,0,0.439,6.511,21.1,6.8147,4,243,16.8,396.9,5.28,25 0.04981,21,5.64,0,0.439,5.998,21.4,6.8147,4,243,16.8,396.9,8.43,23.4 0.0136,75,4,0,0.41,5.888,47.6,7.3197,3,469,21.1,396.9,14.8,18.9 0.01311,90,1.22,0,0.403,7.249,21.9,8.6966,5,226,17.9,395.93,4.81,35.4 0.02055,85,0.74,0,0.41,6.383,35.7,9.1876,2,313,17.3,396.9,5.77,24.7 0.01432,100,1.32,0,0.411,6.816,40.5,8.3248,5,256,15.1,392.9,3.95,31.6 0.15445,25,5.13,0,0.453,6.145,29.2,7.8148,8,284,19.7,390.68,6.86,23.3 0.10328,25,5.13,0,0.453,5.927,47.2,6.932,8,284,19.7,396.9,9.22,19.6 0.14932,25,5.13,0,0.453,5.741,66.2,7.2254,8,284,19.7,395.11,13.15,18.7 0.17171,25,5.13,0,0.453,5.966,93.4,6.8185,8,284,19.7,378.08,14.44,16 0.11027,25,5.13,0,0.453,6.456,67.8,7.2255,8,284,19.7,396.9,6.73,22.2 0.1265,25,5.13,0,0.453,6.762,43.4,7.9809,8,284,19.7,395.58,9.5,25 0.01951,17.5,1.38,0,0.4161,7.104,59.5,9.2229,3,216,18.6,393.24,8.05,33 0.03584,80,3.37,0,0.398,6.29,17.8,6.6115,4,337,16.1,396.9,4.67,23.5 0.04379,80,3.37,0,0.398,5.787,31.1,6.6115,4,337,16.1,396.9,10.24,19.4 0.05789,12.5,6.07,0,0.409,5.878,21.4,6.498,4,345,18.9,396.21,8.1,22 0.13554,12.5,6.07,0,0.409,5.594,36.8,6.498,4,345,18.9,396.9,13.09,17.4 0.12816,12.5,6.07,0,0.409,5.885,33,6.498,4,345,18.9,396.9,8.79,20.9 0.08826,0,10.81,0,0.413,6.417,6.6,5.2873,4,305,19.2,383.73,6.72,24.2 0.15876,0,10.81,0,0.413,5.961,17.5,5.2873,4,305,19.2,376.94,9.88,21.7 0.09164,0,10.81,0,0.413,6.065,7.8,5.2873,4,305,19.2,390.91,5.52,22.8 0.19539,0,10.81,0,0.413,6.245,6.2,5.2873,4,305,19.2,377.17,7.54,23.4 0.07896,0,12.83,0,0.437,6.273,6,4.2515,5,398,18.7,394.92,6.78,24.1 0.09512,0,12.83,0,0.437,6.286,45,4.5026,5,398,18.7,383.23,8.94,21.4 0.10153,0,12.83,0,0.437,6.279,74.5,4.0522,5,398,18.7,373.66,11.97,20 0.08707,0,12.83,0,0.437,6.14,45.8,4.0905,5,398,18.7,386.96,10.27,20.8 0.05646,0,12.83,0,0.437,6.232,53.7,5.0141,5,398,18.7,386.4,12.34,21.2 0.08387,0,12.83,0,0.437,5.874,36.6,4.5026,5,398,18.7,396.06,9.1,20.3 0.04113,25,4.86,0,0.426,6.727,33.5,5.4007,4,281,19,396.9,5.29,28 0.04462,25,4.86,0,0.426,6.619,70.4,5.4007,4,281,19,395.63,7.22,23.9 0.03659,25,4.86,0,0.426,6.302,32.2,5.4007,4,281,19,396.9,6.72,24.8 0.03551,25,4.86,0,0.426,6.167,46.7,5.4007,4,281,19,390.64,7.51,22.9 0.05059,0,4.49,0,0.449,6.389,48,4.7794,3,247,18.5,396.9,9.62,23.9 0.05735,0,4.49,0,0.449,6.63,56.1,4.4377,3,247,18.5,392.3,6.53,26.6 0.05188,0,4.49,0,0.449,6.015,45.1,4.4272,3,247,18.5,395.99,12.86,22.5 0.07151,0,4.49,0,0.449,6.121,56.8,3.7476,3,247,18.5,395.15,8.44,22.2 0.0566,0,3.41,0,0.489,7.007,86.3,3.4217,2,270,17.8,396.9,5.5,23.6 0.05302,0,3.41,0,0.489,7.079,63.1,3.4145,2,270,17.8,396.06,5.7,28.7 0.04684,0,3.41,0,0.489,6.417,66.1,3.0923,2,270,17.8,392.18,8.81,22.6 0.03932,0,3.41,0,0.489,6.405,73.9,3.0921,2,270,17.8,393.55,8.2,22 0.04203,28,15.04,0,0.464,6.442,53.6,3.6659,4,270,18.2,395.01,8.16,22.9 0.02875,28,15.04,0,0.464,6.211,28.9,3.6659,4,270,18.2,396.33,6.21,25 0.04294,28,15.04,0,0.464,6.249,77.3,3.615,4,270,18.2,396.9,10.59,20.6 0.12204,0,2.89,0,0.445,6.625,57.8,3.4952,2,276,18,357.98,6.65,28.4 0.11504,0,2.89,0,0.445,6.163,69.6,3.4952,2,276,18,391.83,11.34,21.4 0.12083,0,2.89,0,0.445,8.069,76,3.4952,2,276,18,396.9,4.21,38.7 0.08187,0,2.89,0,0.445,7.82,36.9,3.4952,2,276,18,393.53,3.57,43.8 0.0686,0,2.89,0,0.445,7.416,62.5,3.4952,2,276,18,396.9,6.19,33.2 0.14866,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.727,79.9,2.7778,5,384,20.9,394.76,9.42,27.5 0.11432,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.781,71.3,2.8561,5,384,20.9,395.58,7.67,26.5 0.22876,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.405,85.4,2.7147,5,384,20.9,70.8,10.63,18.6 0.21161,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.137,87.4,2.7147,5,384,20.9,394.47,13.44,19.3 0.1396,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.167,90,2.421,5,384,20.9,392.69,12.33,20.1 0.13262,0,8.56,0,0.52,5.851,96.7,2.1069,5,384,20.9,394.05,16.47,19.5 0.1712,0,8.56,0,0.52,5.836,91.9,2.211,5,384,20.9,395.67,18.66,19.5 0.13117,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.127,85.2,2.1224,5,384,20.9,387.69,14.09,20.4 0.12802,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.474,97.1,2.4329,5,384,20.9,395.24,12.27,19.8 0.26363,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.229,91.2,2.5451,5,384,20.9,391.23,15.55,19.4 0.10793,0,8.56,0,0.52,6.195,54.4,2.7778,5,384,20.9,393.49,13,21.7 0.10084,0,10.01,0,0.547,6.715,81.6,2.6775,6,432,17.8,395.59,10.16,22.8 0.12329,0,10.01,0,0.547,5.913,92.9,2.3534,6,432,17.8,394.95,16.21,18.8 0.22212,0,10.01,0,0.547,6.092,95.4,2.548,6,432,17.8,396.9,17.09,18.7 0.14231,0,10.01,0,0.547,6.254,84.2,2.2565,6,432,17.8,388.74,10.45,18.5 0.17134,0,10.01,0,0.547,5.928,88.2,2.4631,6,432,17.8,344.91,15.76,18.3 0.13158,0,10.01,0,0.547,6.176,72.5,2.7301,6,432,17.8,393.3,12.04,21.2 0.15098,0,10.01,0,0.547,6.021,82.6,2.7474,6,432,17.8,394.51,10.3,19.2 0.13058,0,10.01,0,0.547,5.872,73.1,2.4775,6,432,17.8,338.63,15.37,20.4 0.14476,0,10.01,0,0.547,5.731,65.2,2.7592,6,432,17.8,391.5,13.61,19.3 0.06899,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.87,69.7,2.2577,2,188,19.1,389.15,14.37,22 0.07165,0,25.65,0,0.581,6.004,84.1,2.1974,2,188,19.1,377.67,14.27,20.3 0.09299,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.961,92.9,2.0869,2,188,19.1,378.09,17.93,20.5 0.15038,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.856,97,1.9444,2,188,19.1,370.31,25.41,17.3 0.09849,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.879,95.8,2.0063,2,188,19.1,379.38,17.58,18.8 0.16902,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.986,88.4,1.9929,2,188,19.1,385.02,14.81,21.4 0.38735,0,25.65,0,0.581,5.613,95.6,1.7572,2,188,19.1,359.29,27.26,15.7 0.25915,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.693,96,1.7883,4,437,21.2,392.11,17.19,16.2 0.32543,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.431,98.8,1.8125,4,437,21.2,396.9,15.39,18 0.88125,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.637,94.7,1.9799,4,437,21.2,396.9,18.34,14.3 0.34006,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.458,98.9,2.1185,4,437,21.2,395.04,12.6,19.2 1.19294,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.326,97.7,2.271,4,437,21.2,396.9,12.26,19.6 0.59005,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.372,97.9,2.3274,4,437,21.2,385.76,11.12,23 0.32982,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.822,95.4,2.4699,4,437,21.2,388.69,15.03,18.4 0.97617,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.757,98.4,2.346,4,437,21.2,262.76,17.31,15.6 0.55778,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.335,98.2,2.1107,4,437,21.2,394.67,16.96,18.1 0.32264,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.942,93.5,1.9669,4,437,21.2,378.25,16.9,17.4 0.35233,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.454,98.4,1.8498,4,437,21.2,394.08,14.59,17.1 0.2498,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.857,98.2,1.6686,4,437,21.2,392.04,21.32,13.3 0.54452,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.151,97.9,1.6687,4,437,21.2,396.9,18.46,17.8 0.2909,0,21.89,0,0.624,6.174,93.6,1.6119,4,437,21.2,388.08,24.16,14 1.62864,0,21.89,0,0.624,5.019,100,1.4394,4,437,21.2,396.9,34.41,14.4 3.32105,0,19.58,1,0.871,5.403,100,1.3216,5,403,14.7,396.9,26.82,13.4 4.0974,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.468,100,1.4118,5,403,14.7,396.9,26.42,15.6 2.77974,0,19.58,0,0.871,4.903,97.8,1.3459,5,403,14.7,396.9,29.29,11.8 2.37934,0,19.58,0,0.871,6.13,100,1.4191,5,403,14.7,172.91,27.8,13.8 2.15505,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.628,100,1.5166,5,403,14.7,169.27,16.65,15.6 2.36862,0,19.58,0,0.871,4.926,95.7,1.4608,5,403,14.7,391.71,29.53,14.6 2.33099,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.186,93.8,1.5296,5,403,14.7,356.99,28.32,17.8 2.73397,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.597,94.9,1.5257,5,403,14.7,351.85,21.45,15.4 1.6566,0,19.58,0,0.871,6.122,97.3,1.618,5,403,14.7,372.8,14.1,21.5 1.49632,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.404,100,1.5916,5,403,14.7,341.6,13.28,19.6 1.12658,0,19.58,1,0.871,5.012,88,1.6102,5,403,14.7,343.28,12.12,15.3 2.14918,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.709,98.5,1.6232,5,403,14.7,261.95,15.79,19.4 1.41385,0,19.58,1,0.871,6.129,96,1.7494,5,403,14.7,321.02,15.12,17 3.53501,0,19.58,1,0.871,6.152,82.6,1.7455,5,403,14.7,88.01,15.02,15.6 2.44668,0,19.58,0,0.871,5.272,94,1.7364,5,403,14.7,88.63,16.14,13.1 1.22358,0,19.58,0,0.605,6.943,97.4,1.8773,5,403,14.7,363.43,4.59,41.3 1.34284,0,19.58,0,0.605,6.066,100,1.7573,5,403,14.7,353.89,6.43,24.3 1.42502,0,19.58,0,0.871,6.51,100,1.7659,5,403,14.7,364.31,7.39,23.3 1.27346,0,19.58,1,0.605,6.25,92.6,1.7984,5,403,14.7,338.92,5.5,27 1.46336,0,19.58,0,0.605,7.489,90.8,1.9709,5,403,14.7,374.43,1.73,50 1.83377,0,19.58,1,0.605,7.802,98.2,2.0407,5,403,14.7,389.61,1.92,50 1.51902,0,19.58,1,0.605,8.375,93.9,2.162,5,403,14.7,388.45,3.32,50 2.24236,0,19.58,0,0.605,5.854,91.8,2.422,5,403,14.7,395.11,11.64,22.7 2.924,0,19.58,0,0.605,6.101,93,2.2834,5,403,14.7,240.16,9.81,25 2.01019,0,19.58,0,0.605,7.929,96.2,2.0459,5,403,14.7,369.3,3.7,50 1.80028,0,19.58,0,0.605,5.877,79.2,2.4259,5,403,14.7,227.61,12.14,23.8 2.3004,0,19.58,0,0.605,6.319,96.1,2.1,5,403,14.7,297.09,11.1,23.8 2.44953,0,19.58,0,0.605,6.402,95.2,2.2625,5,403,14.7,330.04,11.32,22.3 1.20742,0,19.58,0,0.605,5.875,94.6,2.4259,5,403,14.7,292.29,14.43,17.4 2.3139,0,19.58,0,0.605,5.88,97.3,2.3887,5,403,14.7,348.13,12.03,19.1 0.13914,0,4.05,0,0.51,5.572,88.5,2.5961,5,296,16.6,396.9,14.69,23.1 0.09178,0,4.05,0,0.51,6.416,84.1,2.6463,5,296,16.6,395.5,9.04,23.6 0.08447,0,4.05,0,0.51,5.859,68.7,2.7019,5,296,16.6,393.23,9.64,22.6 0.06664,0,4.05,0,0.51,6.546,33.1,3.1323,5,296,16.6,390.96,5.33,29.4 0.07022,0,4.05,0,0.51,6.02,47.2,3.5549,5,296,16.6,393.23,10.11,23.2 0.05425,0,4.05,0,0.51,6.315,73.4,3.3175,5,296,16.6,395.6,6.29,24.6 0.06642,0,4.05,0,0.51,6.86,74.4,2.9153,5,296,16.6,391.27,6.92,29.9 0.0578,0,2.46,0,0.488,6.98,58.4,2.829,3,193,17.8,396.9,5.04,37.2 0.06588,0,2.46,0,0.488,7.765,83.3,2.741,3,193,17.8,395.56,7.56,39.8 0.06888,0,2.46,0,0.488,6.144,62.2,2.5979,3,193,17.8,396.9,9.45,36.2 0.09103,0,2.46,0,0.488,7.155,92.2,2.7006,3,193,17.8,394.12,4.82,37.9 0.10008,0,2.46,0,0.488,6.563,95.6,2.847,3,193,17.8,396.9,5.68,32.5 0.08308,0,2.46,0,0.488,5.604,89.8,2.9879,3,193,17.8,391,13.98,26.4 0.06047,0,2.46,0,0.488,6.153,68.8,3.2797,3,193,17.8,387.11,13.15,29.6 0.05602,0,2.46,0,0.488,7.831,53.6,3.1992,3,193,17.8,392.63,4.45,50 0.07875,45,3.44,0,0.437,6.782,41.1,3.7886,5,398,15.2,393.87,6.68,32 0.12579,45,3.44,0,0.437,6.556,29.1,4.5667,5,398,15.2,382.84,4.56,29.8 0.0837,45,3.44,0,0.437,7.185,38.9,4.5667,5,398,15.2,396.9,5.39,34.9 0.09068,45,3.44,0,0.437,6.951,21.5,6.4798,5,398,15.2,377.68,5.1,37 0.06911,45,3.44,0,0.437,6.739,30.8,6.4798,5,398,15.2,389.71,4.69,30.5 0.08664,45,3.44,0,0.437,7.178,26.3,6.4798,5,398,15.2,390.49,2.87,36.4 0.02187,60,2.93,0,0.401,6.8,9.9,6.2196,1,265,15.6,393.37,5.03,31.1 0.01439,60,2.93,0,0.401,6.604,18.8,6.2196,1,265,15.6,376.7,4.38,29.1 0.01381,80,0.46,0,0.422,7.875,32,5.6484,4,255,14.4,394.23,2.97,50 0.04011,80,1.52,0,0.404,7.287,34.1,7.309,2,329,12.6,396.9,4.08,33.3 0.04666,80,1.52,0,0.404,7.107,36.6,7.309,2,329,12.6,354.31,8.61,30.3 0.03768,80,1.52,0,0.404,7.274,38.3,7.309,2,329,12.6,392.2,6.62,34.6 0.0315,95,1.47,0,0.403,6.975,15.3,7.6534,3,402,17,396.9,4.56,34.9 0.01778,95,1.47,0,0.403,7.135,13.9,7.6534,3,402,17,384.3,4.45,32.9 0.03445,82.5,2.03,0,0.415,6.162,38.4,6.27,2,348,14.7,393.77,7.43,24.1 0.02177,82.5,2.03,0,0.415,7.61,15.7,6.27,2,348,14.7,395.38,3.11,42.3 0.0351,95,2.68,0,0.4161,7.853,33.2,5.118,4,224,14.7,392.78,3.81,48.5 0.02009,95,2.68,0,0.4161,8.034,31.9,5.118,4,224,14.7,390.55,2.88,50 0.13642,0,10.59,0,0.489,5.891,22.3,3.9454,4,277,18.6,396.9,10.87,22.6 0.22969,0,10.59,0,0.489,6.326,52.5,4.3549,4,277,18.6,394.87,10.97,24.4 0.25199,0,10.59,0,0.489,5.783,72.7,4.3549,4,277,18.6,389.43,18.06,22.5 0.13587,0,10.59,1,0.489,6.064,59.1,4.2392,4,277,18.6,381.32,14.66,24.4 0.43571,0,10.59,1,0.489,5.344,100,3.875,4,277,18.6,396.9,23.09,20 0.17446,0,10.59,1,0.489,5.96,92.1,3.8771,4,277,18.6,393.25,17.27,21.7 0.37578,0,10.59,1,0.489,5.404,88.6,3.665,4,277,18.6,395.24,23.98,19.3 0.21719,0,10.59,1,0.489,5.807,53.8,3.6526,4,277,18.6,390.94,16.03,22.4 0.14052,0,10.59,0,0.489,6.375,32.3,3.9454,4,277,18.6,385.81,9.38,28.1 0.28955,0,10.59,0,0.489,5.412,9.8,3.5875,4,277,18.6,348.93,29.55,23.7 0.19802,0,10.59,0,0.489,6.182,42.4,3.9454,4,277,18.6,393.63,9.47,25 0.0456,0,13.89,1,0.55,5.888,56,3.1121,5,276,16.4,392.8,13.51,23.3 0.07013,0,13.89,0,0.55,6.642,85.1,3.4211,5,276,16.4,392.78,9.69,28.7 0.11069,0,13.89,1,0.55,5.951,93.8,2.8893,5,276,16.4,396.9,17.92,21.5 0.11425,0,13.89,1,0.55,6.373,92.4,3.3633,5,276,16.4,393.74,10.5,23 0.35809,0,6.2,1,0.507,6.951,88.5,2.8617,8,307,17.4,391.7,9.71,26.7 0.40771,0,6.2,1,0.507,6.164,91.3,3.048,8,307,17.4,395.24,21.46,21.7 0.62356,0,6.2,1,0.507,6.879,77.7,3.2721,8,307,17.4,390.39,9.93,27.5 0.6147,0,6.2,0,0.507,6.618,80.8,3.2721,8,307,17.4,396.9,7.6,30.1 0.31533,0,6.2,0,0.504,8.266,78.3,2.8944,8,307,17.4,385.05,4.14,44.8 0.52693,0,6.2,0,0.504,8.725,83,2.8944,8,307,17.4,382,4.63,50 0.38214,0,6.2,0,0.504,8.04,86.5,3.2157,8,307,17.4,387.38,3.13,37.6 0.41238,0,6.2,0,0.504,7.163,79.9,3.2157,8,307,17.4,372.08,6.36,31.6 0.29819,0,6.2,0,0.504,7.686,17,3.3751,8,307,17.4,377.51,3.92,46.7 0.44178,0,6.2,0,0.504,6.552,21.4,3.3751,8,307,17.4,380.34,3.76,31.5 0.537,0,6.2,0,0.504,5.981,68.1,3.6715,8,307,17.4,378.35,11.65,24.3 0.46296,0,6.2,0,0.504,7.412,76.9,3.6715,8,307,17.4,376.14,5.25,31.7 0.57529,0,6.2,0,0.507,8.337,73.3,3.8384,8,307,17.4,385.91,2.47,41.7 0.33147,0,6.2,0,0.507,8.247,70.4,3.6519,8,307,17.4,378.95,3.95,48.3 0.44791,0,6.2,1,0.507,6.726,66.5,3.6519,8,307,17.4,360.2,8.05,29 0.33045,0,6.2,0,0.507,6.086,61.5,3.6519,8,307,17.4,376.75,10.88,24 0.52058,0,6.2,1,0.507,6.631,76.5,4.148,8,307,17.4,388.45,9.54,25.1 0.51183,0,6.2,0,0.507,7.358,71.6,4.148,8,307,17.4,390.07,4.73,31.5 0.08244,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.481,18.5,6.1899,6,300,16.6,379.41,6.36,23.7 0.09252,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.606,42.2,6.1899,6,300,16.6,383.78,7.37,23.3 0.11329,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.897,54.3,6.3361,6,300,16.6,391.25,11.38,22 0.10612,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.095,65.1,6.3361,6,300,16.6,394.62,12.4,20.1 0.1029,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.358,52.9,7.0355,6,300,16.6,372.75,11.22,22.2 0.12757,30,4.93,0,0.428,6.393,7.8,7.0355,6,300,16.6,374.71,5.19,23.7 0.20608,22,5.86,0,0.431,5.593,76.5,7.9549,7,330,19.1,372.49,12.5,17.6 0.19133,22,5.86,0,0.431,5.605,70.2,7.9549,7,330,19.1,389.13,18.46,18.5 0.33983,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.108,34.9,8.0555,7,330,19.1,390.18,9.16,24.3 0.19657,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.226,79.2,8.0555,7,330,19.1,376.14,10.15,20.5 0.16439,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.433,49.1,7.8265,7,330,19.1,374.71,9.52,24.5 0.19073,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.718,17.5,7.8265,7,330,19.1,393.74,6.56,26.2 0.1403,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.487,13,7.3967,7,330,19.1,396.28,5.9,24.4 0.21409,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.438,8.9,7.3967,7,330,19.1,377.07,3.59,24.8 0.08221,22,5.86,0,0.431,6.957,6.8,8.9067,7,330,19.1,386.09,3.53,29.6 0.36894,22,5.86,0,0.431,8.259,8.4,8.9067,7,330,19.1,396.9,3.54,42.8 0.04819,80,3.64,0,0.392,6.108,32,9.2203,1,315,16.4,392.89,6.57,21.9 0.03548,80,3.64,0,0.392,5.876,19.1,9.2203,1,315,16.4,395.18,9.25,20.9 0.01538,90,3.75,0,0.394,7.454,34.2,6.3361,3,244,15.9,386.34,3.11,44 0.61154,20,3.97,0,0.647,8.704,86.9,1.801,5,264,13,389.7,5.12,50 0.66351,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.333,100,1.8946,5,264,13,383.29,7.79,36 0.65665,20,3.97,0,0.647,6.842,100,2.0107,5,264,13,391.93,6.9,30.1 0.54011,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.203,81.8,2.1121,5,264,13,392.8,9.59,33.8 0.53412,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.52,89.4,2.1398,5,264,13,388.37,7.26,43.1 0.52014,20,3.97,0,0.647,8.398,91.5,2.2885,5,264,13,386.86,5.91,48.8 0.82526,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.327,94.5,2.0788,5,264,13,393.42,11.25,31 0.55007,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.206,91.6,1.9301,5,264,13,387.89,8.1,36.5 0.76162,20,3.97,0,0.647,5.56,62.8,1.9865,5,264,13,392.4,10.45,22.8 0.7857,20,3.97,0,0.647,7.014,84.6,2.1329,5,264,13,384.07,14.79,30.7 0.57834,20,3.97,0,0.575,8.297,67,2.4216,5,264,13,384.54,7.44,50 0.5405,20,3.97,0,0.575,7.47,52.6,2.872,5,264,13,390.3,3.16,43.5 0.09065,20,6.96,1,0.464,5.92,61.5,3.9175,3,223,18.6,391.34,13.65,20.7 0.29916,20,6.96,0,0.464,5.856,42.1,4.429,3,223,18.6,388.65,13,21.1 0.16211,20,6.96,0,0.464,6.24,16.3,4.429,3,223,18.6,396.9,6.59,25.2 0.1146,20,6.96,0,0.464,6.538,58.7,3.9175,3,223,18.6,394.96,7.73,24.4 0.22188,20,6.96,1,0.464,7.691,51.8,4.3665,3,223,18.6,390.77,6.58,35.2 0.05644,40,6.41,1,0.447,6.758,32.9,4.0776,4,254,17.6,396.9,3.53,32.4 0.09604,40,6.41,0,0.447,6.854,42.8,4.2673,4,254,17.6,396.9,2.98,32 0.10469,40,6.41,1,0.447,7.267,49,4.7872,4,254,17.6,389.25,6.05,33.2 0.06127,40,6.41,1,0.447,6.826,27.6,4.8628,4,254,17.6,393.45,4.16,33.1 0.07978,40,6.41,0,0.447,6.482,32.1,4.1403,4,254,17.6,396.9,7.19,29.1 0.21038,20,3.33,0,0.4429,6.812,32.2,4.1007,5,216,14.9,396.9,4.85,35.1 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11.5779,0,18.1,0,0.7,5.036,97,1.77,24,666,20.2,396.9,25.68,9.7 8.64476,0,18.1,0,0.693,6.193,92.6,1.7912,24,666,20.2,396.9,15.17,13.8 13.3598,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.887,94.7,1.7821,24,666,20.2,396.9,16.35,12.7 8.71675,0,18.1,0,0.693,6.471,98.8,1.7257,24,666,20.2,391.98,17.12,13.1 5.87205,0,18.1,0,0.693,6.405,96,1.6768,24,666,20.2,396.9,19.37,12.5 7.67202,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.747,98.9,1.6334,24,666,20.2,393.1,19.92,8.5 38.3518,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.453,100,1.4896,24,666,20.2,396.9,30.59,5 9.91655,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.852,77.8,1.5004,24,666,20.2,338.16,29.97,6.3 25.0461,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.987,100,1.5888,24,666,20.2,396.9,26.77,5.6 14.2362,0,18.1,0,0.693,6.343,100,1.5741,24,666,20.2,396.9,20.32,7.2 9.59571,0,18.1,0,0.693,6.404,100,1.639,24,666,20.2,376.11,20.31,12.1 24.8017,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.349,96,1.7028,24,666,20.2,396.9,19.77,8.3 41.5292,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.531,85.4,1.6074,24,666,20.2,329.46,27.38,8.5 67.9208,0,18.1,0,0.693,5.683,100,1.4254,24,666,20.2,384.97,22.98,5 20.7162,0,18.1,0,0.659,4.138,100,1.1781,24,666,20.2,370.22,23.34,11.9 11.9511,0,18.1,0,0.659,5.608,100,1.2852,24,666,20.2,332.09,12.13,27.9 7.40389,0,18.1,0,0.597,5.617,97.9,1.4547,24,666,20.2,314.64,26.4,17.2 14.4383,0,18.1,0,0.597,6.852,100,1.4655,24,666,20.2,179.36,19.78,27.5 51.1358,0,18.1,0,0.597,5.757,100,1.413,24,666,20.2,2.6,10.11,15 14.0507,0,18.1,0,0.597,6.657,100,1.5275,24,666,20.2,35.05,21.22,17.2 18.811,0,18.1,0,0.597,4.628,100,1.5539,24,666,20.2,28.79,34.37,17.9 28.6558,0,18.1,0,0.597,5.155,100,1.5894,24,666,20.2,210.97,20.08,16.3 45.7461,0,18.1,0,0.693,4.519,100,1.6582,24,666,20.2,88.27,36.98,7 18.0846,0,18.1,0,0.679,6.434,100,1.8347,24,666,20.2,27.25,29.05,7.2 10.8342,0,18.1,0,0.679,6.782,90.8,1.8195,24,666,20.2,21.57,25.79,7.5 25.9406,0,18.1,0,0.679,5.304,89.1,1.6475,24,666,20.2,127.36,26.64,10.4 73.5341,0,18.1,0,0.679,5.957,100,1.8026,24,666,20.2,16.45,20.62,8.8 11.8123,0,18.1,0,0.718,6.824,76.5,1.794,24,666,20.2,48.45,22.74,8.4 11.0874,0,18.1,0,0.718,6.411,100,1.8589,24,666,20.2,318.75,15.02,16.7 7.02259,0,18.1,0,0.718,6.006,95.3,1.8746,24,666,20.2,319.98,15.7,14.2 12.0482,0,18.1,0,0.614,5.648,87.6,1.9512,24,666,20.2,291.55,14.1,20.8 7.05042,0,18.1,0,0.614,6.103,85.1,2.0218,24,666,20.2,2.52,23.29,13.4 8.79212,0,18.1,0,0.584,5.565,70.6,2.0635,24,666,20.2,3.65,17.16,11.7 15.8603,0,18.1,0,0.679,5.896,95.4,1.9096,24,666,20.2,7.68,24.39,8.3 12.2472,0,18.1,0,0.584,5.837,59.7,1.9976,24,666,20.2,24.65,15.69,10.2 37.6619,0,18.1,0,0.679,6.202,78.7,1.8629,24,666,20.2,18.82,14.52,10.9 7.36711,0,18.1,0,0.679,6.193,78.1,1.9356,24,666,20.2,96.73,21.52,11 9.33889,0,18.1,0,0.679,6.38,95.6,1.9682,24,666,20.2,60.72,24.08,9.5 8.49213,0,18.1,0,0.584,6.348,86.1,2.0527,24,666,20.2,83.45,17.64,14.5 10.0623,0,18.1,0,0.584,6.833,94.3,2.0882,24,666,20.2,81.33,19.69,14.1 6.44405,0,18.1,0,0.584,6.425,74.8,2.2004,24,666,20.2,97.95,12.03,16.1 5.58107,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.436,87.9,2.3158,24,666,20.2,100.19,16.22,14.3 13.9134,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.208,95,2.2222,24,666,20.2,100.63,15.17,11.7 11.1604,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.629,94.6,2.1247,24,666,20.2,109.85,23.27,13.4 14.4208,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.461,93.3,2.0026,24,666,20.2,27.49,18.05,9.6 15.1772,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.152,100,1.9142,24,666,20.2,9.32,26.45,8.7 13.6781,0,18.1,0,0.74,5.935,87.9,1.8206,24,666,20.2,68.95,34.02,8.4 9.39063,0,18.1,0,0.74,5.627,93.9,1.8172,24,666,20.2,396.9,22.88,12.8 22.0511,0,18.1,0,0.74,5.818,92.4,1.8662,24,666,20.2,391.45,22.11,10.5 9.72418,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.406,97.2,2.0651,24,666,20.2,385.96,19.52,17.1 5.66637,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.219,100,2.0048,24,666,20.2,395.69,16.59,18.4 9.96654,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.485,100,1.9784,24,666,20.2,386.73,18.85,15.4 12.8023,0,18.1,0,0.74,5.854,96.6,1.8956,24,666,20.2,240.52,23.79,10.8 10.6718,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.459,94.8,1.9879,24,666,20.2,43.06,23.98,11.8 6.28807,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.341,96.4,2.072,24,666,20.2,318.01,17.79,14.9 9.92485,0,18.1,0,0.74,6.251,96.6,2.198,24,666,20.2,388.52,16.44,12.6 9.32909,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.185,98.7,2.2616,24,666,20.2,396.9,18.13,14.1 7.52601,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.417,98.3,2.185,24,666,20.2,304.21,19.31,13 6.71772,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.749,92.6,2.3236,24,666,20.2,0.32,17.44,13.4 5.44114,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.655,98.2,2.3552,24,666,20.2,355.29,17.73,15.2 5.09017,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.297,91.8,2.3682,24,666,20.2,385.09,17.27,16.1 8.24809,0,18.1,0,0.713,7.393,99.3,2.4527,24,666,20.2,375.87,16.74,17.8 9.51363,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.728,94.1,2.4961,24,666,20.2,6.68,18.71,14.9 4.75237,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.525,86.5,2.4358,24,666,20.2,50.92,18.13,14.1 4.66883,0,18.1,0,0.713,5.976,87.9,2.5806,24,666,20.2,10.48,19.01,12.7 8.20058,0,18.1,0,0.713,5.936,80.3,2.7792,24,666,20.2,3.5,16.94,13.5 7.75223,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.301,83.7,2.7831,24,666,20.2,272.21,16.23,14.9 6.80117,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.081,84.4,2.7175,24,666,20.2,396.9,14.7,20 4.81213,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.701,90,2.5975,24,666,20.2,255.23,16.42,16.4 3.69311,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.376,88.4,2.5671,24,666,20.2,391.43,14.65,17.7 6.65492,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.317,83,2.7344,24,666,20.2,396.9,13.99,19.5 5.82115,0,18.1,0,0.713,6.513,89.9,2.8016,24,666,20.2,393.82,10.29,20.2 7.83932,0,18.1,0,0.655,6.209,65.4,2.9634,24,666,20.2,396.9,13.22,21.4 3.1636,0,18.1,0,0.655,5.759,48.2,3.0665,24,666,20.2,334.4,14.13,19.9 3.77498,0,18.1,0,0.655,5.952,84.7,2.8715,24,666,20.2,22.01,17.15,19 4.42228,0,18.1,0,0.584,6.003,94.5,2.5403,24,666,20.2,331.29,21.32,19.1 15.5757,0,18.1,0,0.58,5.926,71,2.9084,24,666,20.2,368.74,18.13,19.1 13.0751,0,18.1,0,0.58,5.713,56.7,2.8237,24,666,20.2,396.9,14.76,20.1 4.34879,0,18.1,0,0.58,6.167,84,3.0334,24,666,20.2,396.9,16.29,19.9 4.03841,0,18.1,0,0.532,6.229,90.7,3.0993,24,666,20.2,395.33,12.87,19.6 3.56868,0,18.1,0,0.58,6.437,75,2.8965,24,666,20.2,393.37,14.36,23.2 4.64689,0,18.1,0,0.614,6.98,67.6,2.5329,24,666,20.2,374.68,11.66,29.8 8.05579,0,18.1,0,0.584,5.427,95.4,2.4298,24,666,20.2,352.58,18.14,13.8 6.39312,0,18.1,0,0.584,6.162,97.4,2.206,24,666,20.2,302.76,24.1,13.3 4.87141,0,18.1,0,0.614,6.484,93.6,2.3053,24,666,20.2,396.21,18.68,16.7 15.0234,0,18.1,0,0.614,5.304,97.3,2.1007,24,666,20.2,349.48,24.91,12 10.233,0,18.1,0,0.614,6.185,96.7,2.1705,24,666,20.2,379.7,18.03,14.6 14.3337,0,18.1,0,0.614,6.229,88,1.9512,24,666,20.2,383.32,13.11,21.4 5.82401,0,18.1,0,0.532,6.242,64.7,3.4242,24,666,20.2,396.9,10.74,23 5.70818,0,18.1,0,0.532,6.75,74.9,3.3317,24,666,20.2,393.07,7.74,23.7 5.73116,0,18.1,0,0.532,7.061,77,3.4106,24,666,20.2,395.28,7.01,25 2.81838,0,18.1,0,0.532,5.762,40.3,4.0983,24,666,20.2,392.92,10.42,21.8 2.37857,0,18.1,0,0.583,5.871,41.9,3.724,24,666,20.2,370.73,13.34,20.6 3.67367,0,18.1,0,0.583,6.312,51.9,3.9917,24,666,20.2,388.62,10.58,21.2 5.69175,0,18.1,0,0.583,6.114,79.8,3.5459,24,666,20.2,392.68,14.98,19.1 4.83567,0,18.1,0,0.583,5.905,53.2,3.1523,24,666,20.2,388.22,11.45,20.6 0.15086,0,27.74,0,0.609,5.454,92.7,1.8209,4,711,20.1,395.09,18.06,15.2 0.18337,0,27.74,0,0.609,5.414,98.3,1.7554,4,711,20.1,344.05,23.97,7 0.20746,0,27.74,0,0.609,5.093,98,1.8226,4,711,20.1,318.43,29.68,8.1 0.10574,0,27.74,0,0.609,5.983,98.8,1.8681,4,711,20.1,390.11,18.07,13.6 0.11132,0,27.74,0,0.609,5.983,83.5,2.1099,4,711,20.1,396.9,13.35,20.1 0.17331,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.707,54,2.3817,6,391,19.2,396.9,12.01,21.8 0.27957,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.926,42.6,2.3817,6,391,19.2,396.9,13.59,24.5 0.17899,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.67,28.8,2.7986,6,391,19.2,393.29,17.6,23.1 0.2896,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.39,72.9,2.7986,6,391,19.2,396.9,21.14,19.7 0.26838,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.794,70.6,2.8927,6,391,19.2,396.9,14.1,18.3 0.23912,0,9.69,0,0.585,6.019,65.3,2.4091,6,391,19.2,396.9,12.92,21.2 0.17783,0,9.69,0,0.585,5.569,73.5,2.3999,6,391,19.2,395.77,15.1,17.5 0.22438,0,9.69,0,0.585,6.027,79.7,2.4982,6,391,19.2,396.9,14.33,16.8 0.06263,0,11.93,0,0.573,6.593,69.1,2.4786,1,273,21,391.99,9.67,22.4 0.04527,0,11.93,0,0.573,6.12,76.7,2.2875,1,273,21,396.9,9.08,20.6 0.06076,0,11.93,0,0.573,6.976,91,2.1675,1,273,21,396.9,5.64,23.9 0.10959,0,11.93,0,0.573,6.794,89.3,2.3889,1,273,21,393.45,6.48,22 0.04741,0,11.93,0,0.573,6.03,80.8,2.505,1,273,21,396.9,7.88,11.9
首先读取csv文件,即所给的dataset,其次对数据进行简单的处理:1.抽出标签target形成x。2.移除target将剩下的数据形成y。3.利用分隔函数将数据集分为训练集和测试集,七三分之。再次,引入一个线性回归模型,使用训练集的数据对模型进行训练。之后使用训练好的模型对测试集的x数据进行预测出y_predict。最后计算y_predict与测试集中的y的一些误差,从而评估模型的优劣。
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
# 读csv文件,即Dataset
data = pd.read_csv('boston_housing_data.csv')
# 抽出标签target
y = data['TARGET']
# 将标签外的另外的数据保存
x = data.copy().drop(['TARGET'],axis = 1)
# 利用分隔函数将数据集分割为训练集和测试集,分割点在0.3处
x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.3)
# 引入一个线性回归模型
mode = LinearRegression()
# 使用训练集的数据训练模型
mode.fit(x_train,y_train)
# 用模型测试3/10的测试集数据形成标签
y_predict = mode.predict(x_test)
# 将预测标签与真实标签进行性能的比较
# 使用均值作为误差基准,看预测误差是否大于或者小于均值基准误差
r2 = r2_score(y_test,y_predict)
# 均方误差
hit = mean_squared_error(y_test,y_predict)
print(r2,hit)