Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini

最近在学习《Deep learning with pytorch》,跟着b站的一个up主敲代码,本篇内容对应这个视频大佬带你啃透【深度学习与pytorch】官方权威书籍 P4。
因为我是轻薄本,所以选择在colab上进行的实验,如果你的电脑内存够,配置也ok是可以直接在自己电脑上运行的。
一下进入正题:

实验内容:

使用Alexnet和resnet101对imageNet进行训练。(因为内存原因,我用的imagenet-mini)

实验步骤:

  • 首先你需要有一个梯子,在之后的实验中都需要。用梯子帮助你注册kaggle和colab,并且colab需要的Google账户需要完成了手机验证(不然colab就会用到一半,要求你验证,否则不能继续使用)。
    一个小tips:注册google时最好将页面语言设置成英语,并完成手机验证,否则可能存在收不到手机验证码的问题,我踩过的坑。关于“google 此电话号码无法用于验证”我看的这个方法解决的。
第一步:加载数据集

我是从kaggel中直接引入数据集,这里使用的是容量较小的Imagenetmini(4.24 GB)。
首先需要安装kaggle:

pip install kaggle

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第1张图片
接着我们需要登录kaggle,这里需要在kaggle上获得一个token,具体操作如下:
1.点击右上角,并点击“Account"进入你的账户:
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第2张图片
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第3张图片
2.选择”Create New API Token",下载你的token文件,我的是下载到了本地/下载路径下
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第4张图片
3.找到你的文件后,我们接下来就需要用这个token文件登录了:
输入以下代码,会出现一个允许你上传文件的地方,此时上传刚刚的“kaggle.json”文件就可以了。

from google.colab import files
files.upload()

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#加载文件
!mkdir -p ~/.kaggle
!cp kaggle.json ~/.kaggle/

现在就完成了登录,接下来我们来获取数据集:
回到数据集介绍页,选择“Copy API command",数据集的下载命令就复制到你的粘贴板了。
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#从kaggle中获得下载数据集指令
!kaggle datasets download -d ifigotin/imagenetmini-1000
#解压文件
!unzip imagenetmini-1000

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解压完成后,我们可以随机选择一张图片,来检验我们的训练效果:
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第8张图片

#Pillow是Python的图像处理模块,用它来加载图片
from PIL import Image
#这里的img是我随机选的一个
img = Image.open("/content/imagenet-mini/val/n01440764/ILSVRC2012_val_00009111.JPEG")
img

又一个小tips,文件的路径简单获取方式:先择这里的“复制路径”就可以了。
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第9张图片

第二步:由于我的数据集中没有对应的label文件,我就从网上找了一份,并创建了一个字典储存信息。
img_labels={
    "0": ["tench", "Tinca tinca"],
    "1": ["goldfish", "Carassius auratus"],
    "2": ["great white shark", "white shark", "man-eater", "man-eating shark", "Carcharodon carcharias"],
    "3": ["tiger shark", "Galeocerdo cuvieri"],
    "4": ["hammerhead", "hammerhead shark"],
    "5": ["electric ray", "crampfish", "numbfish", "torpedo"],
    "6": ["stingray"],
    "7": ["cock"],
    "8": ["hen"],
    "9": ["ostrich", "Struthio camelus"],
    "10": ["brambling", "Fringilla montifringilla"],
    "11": ["goldfinch", "Carduelis carduelis"],
    "12": ["house finch", "linnet", "Carpodacus mexicanus"],
    "13": ["junco", "snowbird"],
    "14": ["indigo bunting", "indigo finch", "indigo bird", "Passerina cyanea"],
    "15": ["robin", "American robin", "Turdus migratorius"],
    "16": ["bulbul"],
    "17": ["jay"],
    "18": ["magpie"],
    "19": ["chickadee"],
    "20": ["water ouzel", "dipper"],
    "21": ["kite"],
    "22": ["bald eagle", "American eagle", "Haliaeetus leucocephalus"],
    "23": ["vulture"],
    "24": ["great grey owl", "great gray owl", "Strix nebulosa"],
    "25": ["European fire salamander", "Salamandra salamandra"],
    "26": ["common newt", "Triturus vulgaris"],
    "27": ["eft"],
    "28": ["spotted salamander", "Ambystoma maculatum"],
    "29": ["axolotl", "mud puppy", "Ambystoma mexicanum"],
    "30": ["bullfrog", "Rana catesbeiana"],
    "31": ["tree frog", "tree-frog"],
    "32": ["tailed frog", "bell toad", "ribbed toad", "tailed toad", "Ascaphus trui"],
    "33": ["loggerhead", "loggerhead turtle", "Caretta caretta"],
    "34": ["leatherback turtle", "leatherback", "leathery turtle", "Dermochelys coriacea"],
    "35": ["mud turtle"],
    "36": ["terrapin"],
    "37": ["box turtle", "box tortoise"],
    "38": ["banded gecko"],
    "39": ["common iguana", "iguana", "Iguana iguana"],
    "40": ["American chameleon", "anole", "Anolis carolinensis"],
    "41": ["whiptail", "whiptail lizard"],
    "42": ["agama"],
    "43": ["frilled lizard", "Chlamydosaurus kingi"],
    "44": ["alligator lizard"],
    "45": ["Gila monster", "Heloderma suspectum"],
    "46": ["green lizard", "Lacerta viridis"],
    "47": ["African chameleon", "Chamaeleo chamaeleon"],
    "48": ["Komodo dragon", "Komodo lizard", "dragon lizard", "giant lizard", "Varanus komodoensis"],
    "49": ["African crocodile", "Nile crocodile", "Crocodylus niloticus"],
    "50": ["American alligator", "Alligator mississipiensis"],
    "51": ["triceratops"],
    "52": ["thunder snake", "worm snake", "Carphophis amoenus"],
    "53": ["ringneck snake", "ring-necked snake", "ring snake"],
    "54": ["hognose snake", "puff adder", "sand viper"],
    "55": ["green snake", "grass snake"],
    "56": ["king snake", "kingsnake"],
    "57": ["garter snake", "grass snake"],
    "58": ["water snake"],
    "59": ["vine snake"],
    "60": ["night snake", "Hypsiglena torquata"],
    "61": ["boa constrictor", "Constrictor constrictor"],
    "62": ["rock python", "rock snake", "Python sebae"],
    "63": ["Indian cobra", "Naja naja"],
    "64": ["green mamba"],
    "65": ["sea snake"],
    "66": ["horned viper", "cerastes", "sand viper", "horned asp", "Cerastes cornutus"],
    "67": ["diamondback", "diamondback rattlesnake", "Crotalus adamanteus"],
    "68": ["sidewinder", "horned rattlesnake", "Crotalus cerastes"],
    "69": ["trilobite"],
    "70": ["harvestman", "daddy longlegs", "Phalangium opilio"],
    "71": ["scorpion"],
    "72": ["black and gold garden spider", "Argiope aurantia"],
    "73": ["barn spider", "Araneus cavaticus"],
    "74": ["garden spider", "Aranea diademata"],
    "75": ["black widow", "Latrodectus mactans"],
    "76": ["tarantula"],
    "77": ["wolf spider", "hunting spider"],
    "78": ["tick"],
    "79": ["centipede"],
    "80": ["black grouse"],
    "81": ["ptarmigan"],
    "82": ["ruffed grouse", "partridge", "Bonasa umbellus"],
    "83": ["prairie chicken", "prairie grouse", "prairie fowl"],
    "84": ["peacock"],
    "85": ["quail"],
    "86": ["partridge"],
    "87": ["African grey", "African gray", "Psittacus erithacus"],
    "88": ["macaw"],
    "89": ["sulphur-crested cockatoo", "Kakatoe galerita", "Cacatua galerita"],
    "90": ["lorikeet"],
    "91": ["coucal"],
    "92": ["bee eater"],
    "93": ["hornbill"],
    "94": ["hummingbird"],
    "95": ["jacamar"],
    "96": ["toucan"],
    "97": ["drake"],
    "98": ["red-breasted merganser", "Mergus serrator"],
    "99": ["goose"],
    "100": ["black swan", "Cygnus atratus"],
    "101": ["tusker"],
    "102": ["echidna", "spiny anteater", "anteater"],
    "103": ["platypus", "duckbill", "duckbilled platypus", "duck-billed platypus", "Ornithorhynchus anatinus"],
    "104": ["wallaby", "brush kangaroo"],
    "105": ["koala", "koala bear", "kangaroo bear", "native bear", "Phascolarctos cinereus"],
    "106": ["wombat"],
    "107": ["jellyfish"],
    "108": ["sea anemone", "anemone"],
    "109": ["brain coral"],
    "110": ["flatworm", "platyhelminth"],
    "111": ["nematode", "nematode worm", "roundworm"],
    "112": ["conch"],
    "113": ["snail"],
    "114": ["slug"],
    "115": ["sea slug", "nudibranch"],
    "116": ["chiton", "coat-of-mail shell", "sea cradle", "polyplacophore"],
    "117": ["chambered nautilus", "pearly nautilus", "nautilus"],
    "118": ["Dungeness crab", "Cancer magister"],
    "119": ["rock crab", "Cancer irroratus"],
    "120": ["fiddler crab"],
    "121": ["king crab", "Alaska crab", "Alaskan king crab", "Alaska king crab", "Paralithodes camtschatica"],
    "122": ["American lobster", "Northern lobster", "Maine lobster", "Homarus americanus"],
    "123": ["spiny lobster", "langouste", "rock lobster", "crawfish", "crayfish", "sea crawfish"],
    "124": ["crayfish", "crawfish", "crawdad", "crawdaddy"],
    "125": ["hermit crab"],
    "126": ["isopod"],
    "127": ["white stork", "Ciconia ciconia"],
    "128": ["black stork", "Ciconia nigra"],
    "129": ["spoonbill"],
    "130": ["flamingo"],
    "131": ["little blue heron", "Egretta caerulea"],
    "132": ["American egret", "great white heron", "Egretta albus"],
    "133": ["bittern"],
    "134": ["crane"],
    "135": ["limpkin", "Aramus pictus"],
    "136": ["European gallinule", "Porphyrio porphyrio"],
    "137": ["American coot", "marsh hen", "mud hen", "water hen", "Fulica americana"],
    "138": ["bustard"],
    "139": ["ruddy turnstone", "Arenaria interpres"],
    "140": ["red-backed sandpiper", "dunlin", "Erolia alpina"],
    "141": ["redshank", "Tringa totanus"],
    "142": ["dowitcher"],
    "143": ["oystercatcher", "oyster catcher"],
    "144": ["pelican"],
    "145": ["king penguin", "Aptenodytes patagonica"],
    "146": ["albatross", "mollymawk"],
    "147": ["grey whale", "gray whale", "devilfish", "Eschrichtius gibbosus", "Eschrichtius robustus"],
    "148": ["killer whale", "killer", "orca", "grampus", "sea wolf", "Orcinus orca"],
    "149": ["dugong", "Dugong dugon"],
    "150": ["sea lion"],
    "151": ["Chihuahua"],
    "152": ["Japanese spaniel"],
    "153": ["Maltese dog", "Maltese terrier", "Maltese"],
    "154": ["Pekinese", "Pekingese", "Peke"],
    "155": ["Shih-Tzu"],
    "156": ["Blenheim spaniel"],
    "157": ["papillon"],
    "158": ["toy terrier"],
    "159": ["Rhodesian ridgeback"],
    "160": ["Afghan hound", "Afghan"],
    "161": ["basset", "basset hound"],
    "162": ["beagle"],
    "163": ["bloodhound", "sleuthhound"],
    "164": ["bluetick"],
    "165": ["black-and-tan coonhound"],
    "166": ["Walker hound", "Walker foxhound"],
    "167": ["English foxhound"],
    "168": ["redbone"],
    "169": ["borzoi", "Russian wolfhound"],
    "170": ["Irish wolfhound"],
    "171": ["Italian greyhound"],
    "172": ["whippet"],
    "173": ["Ibizan hound", "Ibizan Podenco"],
    "174": ["Norwegian elkhound", "elkhound"],
    "175": ["otterhound", "otter hound"],
    "176": ["Saluki", "gazelle hound"],
    "177": ["Scottish deerhound", "deerhound"],
    "178": ["Weimaraner"],
    "179": ["Staffordshire bullterrier", "Staffordshire bull terrier"],
    "180": ["American Staffordshire terrier", "Staffordshire terrier", "American pit bull terrier", "pit bull terrier"],
    "181": ["Bedlington terrier"],
    "182": ["Border terrier"],
    "183": ["Kerry blue terrier"],
    "184": ["Irish terrier"],
    "185": ["Norfolk terrier"],
    "186": ["Norwich terrier"],
    "187": ["Yorkshire terrier"],
    "188": ["wire-haired fox terrier"],
    "189": ["Lakeland terrier"],
    "190": ["Sealyham terrier", "Sealyham"],
    "191": ["Airedale", "Airedale terrier"],
    "192": ["cairn", "cairn terrier"],
    "193": ["Australian terrier"],
    "194": ["Dandie Dinmont", "Dandie Dinmont terrier"],
    "195": ["Boston bull", "Boston terrier"],
    "196": ["miniature schnauzer"],
    "197": ["giant schnauzer"],
    "198": ["standard schnauzer"],
    "199": ["Scotch terrier", "Scottish terrier", "Scottie"],
    "200": ["Tibetan terrier", "chrysanthemum dog"],
    "201": ["silky terrier", "Sydney silky"],
    "202": ["soft-coated wheaten terrier"],
    "203": ["West Highland white terrier"],
    "204": ["Lhasa", "Lhasa apso"],
    "205": ["flat-coated retriever"],
    "206": ["curly-coated retriever"],
    "207": ["golden retriever"],
    "208": ["Labrador retriever"],
    "209": ["Chesapeake Bay retriever"],
    "210": ["German short-haired pointer"],
    "211": ["vizsla", "Hungarian pointer"],
    "212": ["English setter"],
    "213": ["Irish setter", "red setter"],
    "214": ["Gordon setter"],
    "215": ["Brittany spaniel"],
    "216": ["clumber", "clumber spaniel"],
    "217": ["English springer", "English springer spaniel"],
    "218": ["Welsh springer spaniel"],
    "219": ["cocker spaniel", "English cocker spaniel", "cocker"],
    "220": ["Sussex spaniel"],
    "221": ["Irish water spaniel"],
    "222": ["kuvasz"],
    "223": ["schipperke"],
    "224": ["groenendael"],
    "225": ["malinois"],
    "226": ["briard"],
    "227": ["kelpie"],
    "228": ["komondor"],
    "229": ["Old English sheepdog", "bobtail"],
    "230": ["Shetland sheepdog", "Shetland sheep dog", "Shetland"],
    "231": ["collie"],
    "232": ["Border collie"],
    "233": ["Bouvier des Flandres", "Bouviers des Flandres"],
    "234": ["Rottweiler"],
    "235": ["German shepherd", "German shepherd dog", "German police dog", "alsatian"],
    "236": ["Doberman", "Doberman pinscher"],
    "237": ["miniature pinscher"],
    "238": ["Greater Swiss Mountain dog"],
    "239": ["Bernese mountain dog"],
    "240": ["Appenzeller"],
    "241": ["EntleBucher"],
    "242": ["boxer"],
    "243": ["bull mastiff"],
    "244": ["Tibetan mastiff"],
    "245": ["French bulldog"],
    "246": ["Great Dane"],
    "247": ["Saint Bernard", "St Bernard"],
    "248": ["Eskimo dog", "husky"],
    "249": ["malamute", "malemute", "Alaskan malamute"],
    "250": ["Siberian husky"],
    "251": ["dalmatian", "coach dog", "carriage dog"],
    "252": ["affenpinscher", "monkey pinscher", "monkey dog"],
    "253": ["basenji"],
    "254": ["pug", "pug-dog"],
    "255": ["Leonberg"],
    "256": ["Newfoundland", "Newfoundland dog"],
    "257": ["Great Pyrenees"],
    "258": ["Samoyed", "Samoyede"],
    "259": ["Pomeranian"],
    "260": ["chow", "chow chow"],
    "261": ["keeshond"],
    "262": ["Brabancon griffon"],
    "263": ["Pembroke", "Pembroke Welsh corgi"],
    "264": ["Cardigan", "Cardigan Welsh corgi"],
    "265": ["toy poodle"],
    "266": ["miniature poodle"],
    "267": ["standard poodle"],
    "268": ["Mexican hairless"],
    "269": ["timber wolf", "grey wolf", "gray wolf", "Canis lupus"],
    "270": ["white wolf", "Arctic wolf", "Canis lupus tundrarum"],
    "271": ["red wolf", "maned wolf", "Canis rufus", "Canis niger"],
    "272": ["coyote", "prairie wolf", "brush wolf", "Canis latrans"],
    "273": ["dingo", "warrigal", "warragal", "Canis dingo"],
    "274": ["dhole", "Cuon alpinus"],
    "275": ["African hunting dog", "hyena dog", "Cape hunting dog", "Lycaon pictus"],
    "276": ["hyena", "hyaena"],
    "277": ["red fox", "Vulpes vulpes"],
    "278": ["kit fox", "Vulpes macrotis"],
    "279": ["Arctic fox", "white fox", "Alopex lagopus"],
    "280": ["grey fox", "gray fox", "Urocyon cinereoargenteus"],
    "281": ["tabby", "tabby cat"],
    "282": ["tiger cat"],
    "283": ["Persian cat"],
    "284": ["Siamese cat", "Siamese"],
    "285": ["Egyptian cat"],
    "286": ["cougar", "puma", "catamount", "mountain lion", "painter", "panther", "Felis concolor"],
    "287": ["lynx", "catamount"],
    "288": ["leopard", "Panthera pardus"],
    "289": ["snow leopard", "ounce", "Panthera uncia"],
    "290": ["jaguar", "panther", "Panthera onca", "Felis onca"],
    "291": ["lion", "king of beasts", "Panthera leo"],
    "292": ["tiger", "Panthera tigris"],
    "293": ["cheetah", "chetah", "Acinonyx jubatus"],
    "294": ["brown bear", "bruin", "Ursus arctos"],
    "295": ["American black bear", "black bear", "Ursus americanus", "Euarctos americanus"],
    "296": ["ice bear", "polar bear", "Ursus Maritimus", "Thalarctos maritimus"],
    "297": ["sloth bear", "Melursus ursinus", "Ursus ursinus"],
    "298": ["mongoose"],
    "299": ["meerkat", "mierkat"],
    "300": ["tiger beetle"],
    "301": ["ladybug", "ladybeetle", "lady beetle", "ladybird", "ladybird beetle"],
    "302": ["ground beetle", "carabid beetle"],
    "303": ["long-horned beetle", "longicorn", "longicorn beetle"],
    "304": ["leaf beetle", "chrysomelid"],
    "305": ["dung beetle"],
    "306": ["rhinoceros beetle"],
    "307": ["weevil"],
    "308": ["fly"],
    "309": ["bee"],
    "310": ["ant", "emmet", "pismire"],
    "311": ["grasshopper", "hopper"],
    "312": ["cricket"],
    "313": ["walking stick", "walkingstick", "stick insect"],
    "314": ["cockroach", "roach"],
    "315": ["mantis", "mantid"],
    "316": ["cicada", "cicala"],
    "317": ["leafhopper"],
    "318": ["lacewing", "lacewing fly"],
    "319": ["dragonfly", "darning needle", "devil's darning needle", "sewing needle", "snake feeder", "snake doctor", "mosquito hawk", "skeeter hawk"],
    "320": ["damselfly"],
    "321": ["admiral"],
    "322": ["ringlet", "ringlet butterfly"],
    "323": ["monarch", "monarch butterfly", "milkweed butterfly", "Danaus plexippus"],
    "324": ["cabbage butterfly"],
    "325": ["sulphur butterfly", "sulfur butterfly"],
    "326": ["lycaenid", "lycaenid butterfly"],
    "327": ["starfish", "sea star"],
    "328": ["sea urchin"],
    "329": ["sea cucumber", "holothurian"],
    "330": ["wood rabbit", "cottontail", "cottontail rabbit"],
    "331": ["hare"],
    "332": ["Angora", "Angora rabbit"],
    "333": ["hamster"],
    "334": ["porcupine", "hedgehog"],
    "335": ["fox squirrel", "eastern fox squirrel", "Sciurus niger"],
    "336": ["marmot"],
    "337": ["beaver"],
    "338": ["guinea pig", "Cavia cobaya"],
    "339": ["sorrel"],
    "340": ["zebra"],
    "341": ["hog", "pig", "grunter", "squealer", "Sus scrofa"],
    "342": ["wild boar", "boar", "Sus scrofa"],
    "343": ["warthog"],
    "344": ["hippopotamus", "hippo", "river horse", "Hippopotamus amphibius"],
    "345": ["ox"],
    "346": ["water buffalo", "water ox", "Asiatic buffalo", "Bubalus bubalis"],
    "347": ["bison"],
    "348": ["ram", "tup"],
    "349": ["bighorn", "bighorn sheep", "cimarron", "Rocky Mountain bighorn", "Rocky Mountain sheep", "Ovis canadensis"],
    "350": ["ibex", "Capra ibex"],
    "351": ["hartebeest"],
    "352": ["impala", "Aepyceros melampus"],
    "353": ["gazelle"],
    "354": ["Arabian camel", "dromedary", "Camelus dromedarius"],
    "355": ["llama"],
    "356": ["weasel"],
    "357": ["mink"],
    "358": ["polecat", "fitch", "foulmart", "foumart", "Mustela putorius"],
    "359": ["black-footed ferret", "ferret", "Mustela nigripes"],
    "360": ["otter"],
    "361": ["skunk", "polecat", "wood pussy"],
    "362": ["badger"],
    "363": ["armadillo"],
    "364": ["three-toed sloth", "ai", "Bradypus tridactylus"],
    "365": ["orangutan", "orang", "orangutang", "Pongo pygmaeus"],
    "366": ["gorilla", "Gorilla gorilla"],
    "367": ["chimpanzee", "chimp", "Pan troglodytes"],
    "368": ["gibbon", "Hylobates lar"],
    "369": ["siamang", "Hylobates syndactylus", "Symphalangus syndactylus"],
    "370": ["guenon", "guenon monkey"],
    "371": ["patas", "hussar monkey", "Erythrocebus patas"],
    "372": ["baboon"],
    "373": ["macaque"],
    "374": ["langur"],
    "375": ["colobus", "colobus monkey"],
    "376": ["proboscis monkey", "Nasalis larvatus"],
    "377": ["marmoset"],
    "378": ["capuchin", "ringtail", "Cebus capucinus"],
    "379": ["howler monkey", "howler"],
    "380": ["titi", "titi monkey"],
    "381": ["spider monkey", "Ateles geoffroyi"],
    "382": ["squirrel monkey", "Saimiri sciureus"],
    "383": ["Madagascar cat", "ring-tailed lemur", "Lemur catta"],
    "384": ["indri", "indris", "Indri indri", "Indri brevicaudatus"],
    "385": ["Indian elephant", "Elephas maximus"],
    "386": ["African elephant", "Loxodonta africana"],
    "387": ["lesser panda", "red panda", "panda", "bear cat", "cat bear", "Ailurus fulgens"],
    "388": ["giant panda", "panda", "panda bear", "coon bear", "Ailuropoda melanoleuca"],
    "389": ["barracouta", "snoek"],
    "390": ["eel"],
    "391": ["coho", "cohoe", "coho salmon", "blue jack", "silver salmon", "Oncorhynchus kisutch"],
    "392": ["rock beauty", "Holocanthus tricolor"],
    "393": ["anemone fish"],
    "394": ["sturgeon"],
    "395": ["gar", "garfish", "garpike", "billfish", "Lepisosteus osseus"],
    "396": ["lionfish"],
    "397": ["puffer", "pufferfish", "blowfish", "globefish"],
    "398": ["abacus"],
    "399": ["abaya"],
    "400": ["academic gown", "academic robe", "judge's robe"],
    "401": ["accordion", "piano accordion", "squeeze box"],
    "402": ["acoustic guitar"],
    "403": ["aircraft carrier", "carrier", "flattop", "attack aircraft carrier"],
    "404": ["airliner"],
    "405": ["airship", "dirigible"],
    "406": ["altar"],
    "407": ["ambulance"],
    "408": ["amphibian", "amphibious vehicle"],
    "409": ["analog clock"],
    "410": ["apiary", "bee house"],
    "411": ["apron"],
    "412": ["ashcan", "trash can", "garbage can", "wastebin", "ash bin", "ash-bin", "ashbin", "dustbin", "trash barrel", "trash bin"],
    "413": ["assault rifle", "assault gun"],
    "414": ["backpack", "back pack", "knapsack", "packsack", "rucksack", "haversack"],
    "415": ["bakery", "bakeshop", "bakehouse"],
    "416": ["balance beam", "beam"],
    "417": ["balloon"],
    "418": ["ballpoint", "ballpoint pen", "ballpen", "Biro"],
    "419": ["Band Aid"],
    "420": ["banjo"],
    "421": ["bannister", "banister", "balustrade", "balusters", "handrail"],
    "422": ["barbell"],
    "423": ["barber chair"],
    "424": ["barbershop"],
    "425": ["barn"],
    "426": ["barometer"],
    "427": ["barrel", "cask"],
    "428": ["barrow", "garden cart", "lawn cart", "wheelbarrow"],
    "429": ["baseball"],
    "430": ["basketball"],
    "431": ["bassinet"],
    "432": ["bassoon"],
    "433": ["bathing cap", "swimming cap"],
    "434": ["bath towel"],
    "435": ["bathtub", "bathing tub", "bath", "tub"],
    "436": ["beach wagon", "station wagon", "wagon", "estate car", "beach waggon", "station waggon", "waggon"],
    "437": ["beacon", "lighthouse", "beacon light", "pharos"],
    "438": ["beaker"],
    "439": ["bearskin", "busby", "shako"],
    "440": ["beer bottle"],
    "441": ["beer glass"],
    "442": ["bell cote", "bell cot"],
    "443": ["bib"],
    "444": ["bicycle-built-for-two", "tandem bicycle", "tandem"],
    "445": ["bikini", "two-piece"],
    "446": ["binder", "ring-binder"],
    "447": ["binoculars", "field glasses", "opera glasses"],
    "448": ["birdhouse"],
    "449": ["boathouse"],
    "450": ["bobsled", "bobsleigh", "bob"],
    "451": ["bolo tie", "bolo", "bola tie", "bola"],
    "452": ["bonnet", "poke bonnet"],
    "453": ["bookcase"],
    "454": ["bookshop", "bookstore", "bookstall"],
    "455": ["bottlecap"],
    "456": ["bow"],
    "457": ["bow tie", "bow-tie", "bowtie"],
    "458": ["brass", "memorial tablet", "plaque"],
    "459": ["brassiere", "bra", "bandeau"],
    "460": ["breakwater", "groin", "groyne", "mole", "bulwark", "seawall", "jetty"],
    "461": ["breastplate", "aegis", "egis"],
    "462": ["broom"],
    "463": ["bucket", "pail"],
    "464": ["buckle"],
    "465": ["bulletproof vest"],
    "466": ["bullet train", "bullet"],
    "467": ["butcher shop", "meat market"],
    "468": ["cab", "hack", "taxi", "taxicab"],
    "469": ["caldron", "cauldron"],
    "470": ["candle", "taper", "wax light"],
    "471": ["cannon"],
    "472": ["canoe"],
    "473": ["can opener", "tin opener"],
    "474": ["cardigan"],
    "475": ["car mirror"],
    "476": ["carousel", "carrousel", "merry-go-round", "roundabout", "whirligig"],
    "477": ["carpenter's kit", "tool kit"],
    "478": ["carton"],
    "479": ["car wheel"],
    "480": ["cash machine", "cash dispenser", "automated teller machine", "automatic teller machine", "automated teller", "automatic teller", "ATM"],
    "481": ["cassette"],
    "482": ["cassette player"],
    "483": ["castle"],
    "484": ["catamaran"],
    "485": ["CD player"],
    "486": ["cello", "violoncello"],
    "487": ["cellular telephone", "cellular phone", "cellphone", "cell", "mobile phone"],
    "488": ["chain"],
    "489": ["chainlink fence"],
    "490": ["chain mail", "ring mail", "mail", "chain armor", "chain armour", "ring armor", "ring armour"],
    "491": ["chain saw", "chainsaw"],
    "492": ["chest"],
    "493": ["chiffonier", "commode"],
    "494": ["chime", "bell", "gong"],
    "495": ["china cabinet", "china closet"],
    "496": ["Christmas stocking"],
    "497": ["church", "church building"],
    "498": ["cinema", "movie theater", "movie theatre", "movie house", "picture palace"],
    "499": ["cleaver", "meat cleaver", "chopper"],
    "500": ["cliff dwelling"],
    "501": ["cloak"],
    "502": ["clog", "geta", "patten", "sabot"],
    "503": ["cocktail shaker"],
    "504": ["coffee mug"],
    "505": ["coffeepot"],
    "506": ["coil", "spiral", "volute", "whorl", "helix"],
    "507": ["combination lock"],
    "508": ["computer keyboard", "keypad"],
    "509": ["confectionery", "confectionary", "candy store"],
    "510": ["container ship", "containership", "container vessel"],
    "511": ["convertible"],
    "512": ["corkscrew", "bottle screw"],
    "513": ["cornet", "horn", "trumpet", "trump"],
    "514": ["cowboy boot"],
    "515": ["cowboy hat", "ten-gallon hat"],
    "516": ["cradle"],
    "517": ["crane"],
    "518": ["crash helmet"],
    "519": ["crate"],
    "520": ["crib", "cot"],
    "521": ["Crock Pot"],
    "522": ["croquet ball"],
    "523": ["crutch"],
    "524": ["cuirass"],
    "525": ["dam", "dike", "dyke"],
    "526": ["desk"],
    "527": ["desktop computer"],
    "528": ["dial telephone", "dial phone"],
    "529": ["diaper", "nappy", "napkin"],
    "530": ["digital clock"],
    "531": ["digital watch"],
    "532": ["dining table", "board"],
    "533": ["dishrag", "dishcloth"],
    "534": ["dishwasher", "dish washer", "dishwashing machine"],
    "535": ["disk brake", "disc brake"],
    "536": ["dock", "dockage", "docking facility"],
    "537": ["dogsled", "dog sled", "dog sleigh"],
    "538": ["dome"],
    "539": ["doormat", "welcome mat"],
    "540": ["drilling platform", "offshore rig"],
    "541": ["drum", "membranophone", "tympan"],
    "542": ["drumstick"],
    "543": ["dumbbell"],
    "544": ["Dutch oven"],
    "545": ["electric fan", "blower"],
    "546": ["electric guitar"],
    "547": ["electric locomotive"],
    "548": ["entertainment center"],
    "549": ["envelope"],
    "550": ["espresso maker"],
    "551": ["face powder"],
    "552": ["feather boa", "boa"],
    "553": ["file", "file cabinet", "filing cabinet"],
    "554": ["fireboat"],
    "555": ["fire engine", "fire truck"],
    "556": ["fire screen", "fireguard"],
    "557": ["flagpole", "flagstaff"],
    "558": ["flute", "transverse flute"],
    "559": ["folding chair"],
    "560": ["football helmet"],
    "561": ["forklift"],
    "562": ["fountain"],
    "563": ["fountain pen"],
    "564": ["four-poster"],
    "565": ["freight car"],
    "566": ["French horn", "horn"],
    "567": ["frying pan", "frypan", "skillet"],
    "568": ["fur coat"],
    "569": ["garbage truck", "dustcart"],
    "570": ["gasmask", "respirator", "gas helmet"],
    "571": ["gas pump", "gasoline pump", "petrol pump", "island dispenser"],
    "572": ["goblet"],
    "573": ["go-kart"],
    "574": ["golf ball"],
    "575": ["golfcart", "golf cart"],
    "576": ["gondola"],
    "577": ["gong", "tam-tam"],
    "578": ["gown"],
    "579": ["grand piano", "grand"],
    "580": ["greenhouse", "nursery", "glasshouse"],
    "581": ["grille", "radiator grille"],
    "582": ["grocery store", "grocery", "food market", "market"],
    "583": ["guillotine"],
    "584": ["hair slide"],
    "585": ["hair spray"],
    "586": ["half track"],
    "587": ["hammer"],
    "588": ["hamper"],
    "589": ["hand blower", "blow dryer", "blow drier", "hair dryer", "hair drier"],
    "590": ["hand-held computer", "hand-held microcomputer"],
    "591": ["handkerchief", "hankie", "hanky", "hankey"],
    "592": ["hard disc", "hard disk", "fixed disk"],
    "593": ["harmonica", "mouth organ", "harp", "mouth harp"],
    "594": ["harp"],
    "595": ["harvester", "reaper"],
    "596": ["hatchet"],
    "597": ["holster"],
    "598": ["home theater", "home theatre"],
    "599": ["honeycomb"],
    "600": ["hook", "claw"],
    "601": ["hoopskirt", "crinoline"],
    "602": ["horizontal bar", "high bar"],
    "603": ["horse cart", "horse-cart"],
    "604": ["hourglass"],
    "605": ["iPod"],
    "606": ["iron", "smoothing iron"],
    "607": ["jack-o'-lantern"],
    "608": ["jean", "blue jean", "denim"],
    "609": ["jeep", "landrover"],
    "610": ["jersey", "T-shirt", "tee shirt"],
    "611": ["jigsaw puzzle"],
    "612": ["jinrikisha", "ricksha", "rickshaw"],
    "613": ["joystick"],
    "614": ["kimono"],
    "615": ["knee pad"],
    "616": ["knot"],
    "617": ["lab coat", "laboratory coat"],
    "618": ["ladle"],
    "619": ["lampshade", "lamp shade"],
    "620": ["laptop", "laptop computer"],
    "621": ["lawn mower", "mower"],
    "622": ["lens cap", "lens cover"],
    "623": ["letter opener", "paper knife", "paperknife"],
    "624": ["library"],
    "625": ["lifeboat"],
    "626": ["lighter", "light", "igniter", "ignitor"],
    "627": ["limousine", "limo"],
    "628": ["liner", "ocean liner"],
    "629": ["lipstick", "lip rouge"],
    "630": ["Loafer"],
    "631": ["lotion"],
    "632": ["loudspeaker", "speaker", "speaker unit", "loudspeaker system", "speaker system"],
    "633": ["loupe", "jeweler's loupe"],
    "634": ["lumbermill", "sawmill"],
    "635": ["magnetic compass"],
    "636": ["mailbag", "postbag"],
    "637": ["mailbox", "letter box"],
    "638": ["maillot"],
    "639": ["maillot", "tank suit"],
    "640": ["manhole cover"],
    "641": ["maraca"],
    "642": ["marimba", "xylophone"],
    "643": ["mask"],
    "644": ["matchstick"],
    "645": ["maypole"],
    "646": ["maze", "labyrinth"],
    "647": ["measuring cup"],
    "648": ["medicine chest", "medicine cabinet"],
    "649": ["megalith", "megalithic structure"],
    "650": ["microphone", "mike"],
    "651": ["microwave", "microwave oven"],
    "652": ["military uniform"],
    "653": ["milk can"],
    "654": ["minibus"],
    "655": ["miniskirt", "mini"],
    "656": ["minivan"],
    "657": ["missile"],
    "658": ["mitten"],
    "659": ["mixing bowl"],
    "660": ["mobile home", "manufactured home"],
    "661": ["Model T"],
    "662": ["modem"],
    "663": ["monastery"],
    "664": ["monitor"],
    "665": ["moped"],
    "666": ["mortar"],
    "667": ["mortarboard"],
    "668": ["mosque"],
    "669": ["mosquito net"],
    "670": ["motor scooter", "scooter"],
    "671": ["mountain bike", "all-terrain bike", "off-roader"],
    "672": ["mountain tent"],
    "673": ["mouse", "computer mouse"],
    "674": ["mousetrap"],
    "675": ["moving van"],
    "676": ["muzzle"],
    "677": ["nail"],
    "678": ["neck brace"],
    "679": ["necklace"],
    "680": ["nipple"],
    "681": ["notebook", "notebook computer"],
    "682": ["obelisk"],
    "683": ["oboe", "hautboy", "hautbois"],
    "684": ["ocarina", "sweet potato"],
    "685": ["odometer", "hodometer", "mileometer", "milometer"],
    "686": ["oil filter"],
    "687": ["organ", "pipe organ"],
    "688": ["oscilloscope", "scope", "cathode-ray oscilloscope", "CRO"],
    "689": ["overskirt"],
    "690": ["oxcart"],
    "691": ["oxygen mask"],
    "692": ["packet"],
    "693": ["paddle", "boat paddle"],
    "694": ["paddlewheel", "paddle wheel"],
    "695": ["padlock"],
    "696": ["paintbrush"],
    "697": ["pajama", "pyjama", "pj's", "jammies"],
    "698": ["palace"],
    "699": ["panpipe", "pandean pipe", "syrinx"],
    "700": ["paper towel"],
    "701": ["parachute", "chute"],
    "702": ["parallel bars", "bars"],
    "703": ["park bench"],
    "704": ["parking meter"],
    "705": ["passenger car", "coach", "carriage"],
    "706": ["patio", "terrace"],
    "707": ["pay-phone", "pay-station"],
    "708": ["pedestal", "plinth", "footstall"],
    "709": ["pencil box", "pencil case"],
    "710": ["pencil sharpener"],
    "711": ["perfume", "essence"],
    "712": ["Petri dish"],
    "713": ["photocopier"],
    "714": ["pick", "plectrum", "plectron"],
    "715": ["pickelhaube"],
    "716": ["picket fence", "paling"],
    "717": ["pickup", "pickup truck"],
    "718": ["pier"],
    "719": ["piggy bank", "penny bank"],
    "720": ["pill bottle"],
    "721": ["pillow"],
    "722": ["ping-pong ball"],
    "723": ["pinwheel"],
    "724": ["pirate", "pirate ship"],
    "725": ["pitcher", "ewer"],
    "726": ["plane", "carpenter's plane", "woodworking plane"],
    "727": ["planetarium"],
    "728": ["plastic bag"],
    "729": ["plate rack"],
    "730": ["plow", "plough"],
    "731": ["plunger", "plumber's helper"],
    "732": ["Polaroid camera", "Polaroid Land camera"],
    "733": ["pole"],
    "734": ["police van", "police wagon", "paddy wagon", "patrol wagon", "wagon", "black Maria"],
    "735": ["poncho"],
    "736": ["pool table", "billiard table", "snooker table"],
    "737": ["pop bottle", "soda bottle"],
    "738": ["pot", "flowerpot"],
    "739": ["potter's wheel"],
    "740": ["power drill"],
    "741": ["prayer rug", "prayer mat"],
    "742": ["printer"],
    "743": ["prison", "prison house"],
    "744": ["projectile", "missile"],
    "745": ["projector"],
    "746": ["puck", "hockey puck"],
    "747": ["punching bag", "punch bag", "punching ball", "punchball"],
    "748": ["purse"],
    "749": ["quill", "quill pen"],
    "750": ["quilt", "comforter", "comfort", "puff"],
    "751": ["racer", "race car", "racing car"],
    "752": ["racket", "racquet"],
    "753": ["radiator"],
    "754": ["radio", "wireless"],
    "755": ["radio telescope", "radio reflector"],
    "756": ["rain barrel"],
    "757": ["recreational vehicle", "RV", "R.V."],
    "758": ["reel"],
    "759": ["reflex camera"],
    "760": ["refrigerator", "icebox"],
    "761": ["remote control", "remote"],
    "762": ["restaurant", "eating house", "eating place", "eatery"],
    "763": ["revolver", "six-gun", "six-shooter"],
    "764": ["rifle"],
    "765": ["rocking chair", "rocker"],
    "766": ["rotisserie"],
    "767": ["rubber eraser", "rubber", "pencil eraser"],
    "768": ["rugby ball"],
    "769": ["rule", "ruler"],
    "770": ["running shoe"],
    "771": ["safe"],
    "772": ["safety pin"],
    "773": ["saltshaker", "salt shaker"],
    "774": ["sandal"],
    "775": ["sarong"],
    "776": ["sax", "saxophone"],
    "777": ["scabbard"],
    "778": ["scale", "weighing machine"],
    "779": ["school bus"],
    "780": ["schooner"],
    "781": ["scoreboard"],
    "782": ["screen", "CRT screen"],
    "783": ["screw"],
    "784": ["screwdriver"],
    "785": ["seat belt", "seatbelt"],
    "786": ["sewing machine"],
    "787": ["shield", "buckler"],
    "788": ["shoe shop", "shoe-shop", "shoe store"],
    "789": ["shoji"],
    "790": ["shopping basket"],
    "791": ["shopping cart"],
    "792": ["shovel"],
    "793": ["shower cap"],
    "794": ["shower curtain"],
    "795": ["ski"],
    "796": ["ski mask"],
    "797": ["sleeping bag"],
    "798": ["slide rule", "slipstick"],
    "799": ["sliding door"],
    "800": ["slot", "one-armed bandit"],
    "801": ["snorkel"],
    "802": ["snowmobile"],
    "803": ["snowplow", "snowplough"],
    "804": ["soap dispenser"],
    "805": ["soccer ball"],
    "806": ["sock"],
    "807": ["solar dish", "solar collector", "solar furnace"],
    "808": ["sombrero"],
    "809": ["soup bowl"],
    "810": ["space bar"],
    "811": ["space heater"],
    "812": ["space shuttle"],
    "813": ["spatula"],
    "814": ["speedboat"],
    "815": ["spider web", "spider's web"],
    "816": ["spindle"],
    "817": ["sports car", "sport car"],
    "818": ["spotlight", "spot"],
    "819": ["stage"],
    "820": ["steam locomotive"],
    "821": ["steel arch bridge"],
    "822": ["steel drum"],
    "823": ["stethoscope"],
    "824": ["stole"],
    "825": ["stone wall"],
    "826": ["stopwatch", "stop watch"],
    "827": ["stove"],
    "828": ["strainer"],
    "829": ["streetcar", "tram", "tramcar", "trolley", "trolley car"],
    "830": ["stretcher"],
    "831": ["studio couch", "day bed"],
    "832": ["stupa", "tope"],
    "833": ["submarine", "pigboat", "sub", "U-boat"],
    "834": ["suit", "suit of clothes"],
    "835": ["sundial"],
    "836": ["sunglass"],
    "837": ["sunglasses", "dark glasses", "shades"],
    "838": ["sunscreen", "sunblock", "sun blocker"],
    "839": ["suspension bridge"],
    "840": ["swab", "swob", "mop"],
    "841": ["sweatshirt"],
    "842": ["swimming trunks", "bathing trunks"],
    "843": ["swing"],
    "844": ["switch", "electric switch", "electrical switch"],
    "845": ["syringe"],
    "846": ["table lamp"],
    "847": ["tank", "army tank", "armored combat vehicle", "armoured combat vehicle"],
    "848": ["tape player"],
    "849": ["teapot"],
    "850": ["teddy", "teddy bear"],
    "851": ["television", "television system"],
    "852": ["tennis ball"],
    "853": ["thatch", "thatched roof"],
    "854": ["theater curtain", "theatre curtain"],
    "855": ["thimble"],
    "856": ["thresher", "thrasher", "threshing machine"],
    "857": ["throne"],
    "858": ["tile roof"],
    "859": ["toaster"],
    "860": ["tobacco shop", "tobacconist shop", "tobacconist"],
    "861": ["toilet seat"],
    "862": ["torch"],
    "863": ["totem pole"],
    "864": ["tow truck", "tow car", "wrecker"],
    "865": ["toyshop"],
    "866": ["tractor"],
    "867": ["trailer truck", "tractor trailer", "trucking rig", "rig", "articulated lorry", "semi"],
    "868": ["tray"],
    "869": ["trench coat"],
    "870": ["tricycle", "trike", "velocipede"],
    "871": ["trimaran"],
    "872": ["tripod"],
    "873": ["triumphal arch"],
    "874": ["trolleybus", "trolley coach", "trackless trolley"],
    "875": ["trombone"],
    "876": ["tub", "vat"],
    "877": ["turnstile"],
    "878": ["typewriter keyboard"],
    "879": ["umbrella"],
    "880": ["unicycle", "monocycle"],
    "881": ["upright", "upright piano"],
    "882": ["vacuum", "vacuum cleaner"],
    "883": ["vase"],
    "884": ["vault"],
    "885": ["velvet"],
    "886": ["vending machine"],
    "887": ["vestment"],
    "888": ["viaduct"],
    "889": ["violin", "fiddle"],
    "890": ["volleyball"],
    "891": ["waffle iron"],
    "892": ["wall clock"],
    "893": ["wallet", "billfold", "notecase", "pocketbook"],
    "894": ["wardrobe", "closet", "press"],
    "895": ["warplane", "military plane"],
    "896": ["washbasin", "handbasin", "washbowl", "lavabo", "wash-hand basin"],
    "897": ["washer", "automatic washer", "washing machine"],
    "898": ["water bottle"],
    "899": ["water jug"],
    "900": ["water tower"],
    "901": ["whiskey jug"],
    "902": ["whistle"],
    "903": ["wig"],
    "904": ["window screen"],
    "905": ["window shade"],
    "906": ["Windsor tie"],
    "907": ["wine bottle"],
    "908": ["wing"],
    "909": ["wok"],
    "910": ["wooden spoon"],
    "911": ["wool", "woolen", "woollen"],
    "912": ["worm fence", "snake fence", "snake-rail fence", "Virginia fence"],
    "913": ["wreck"],
    "914": ["yawl"],
    "915": ["yurt"],
    "916": ["web site", "website", "internet site", "site"],
    "917": ["comic book"],
    "918": ["crossword puzzle", "crossword"],
    "919": ["street sign"],
    "920": ["traffic light", "traffic signal", "stoplight"],
    "921": ["book jacket", "dust cover", "dust jacket", "dust wrapper"],
    "922": ["menu"],
    "923": ["plate"],
    "924": ["guacamole"],
    "925": ["consomme"],
    "926": ["hot pot", "hotpot"],
    "927": ["trifle"],
    "928": ["ice cream", "icecream"],
    "929": ["ice lolly", "lolly", "lollipop", "popsicle"],
    "930": ["French loaf"],
    "931": ["bagel", "beigel"],
    "932": ["pretzel"],
    "933": ["cheeseburger"],
    "934": ["hotdog", "hot dog", "red hot"],
    "935": ["mashed potato"],
    "936": ["head cabbage"],
    "937": ["broccoli"],
    "938": ["cauliflower"],
    "939": ["zucchini", "courgette"],
    "940": ["spaghetti squash"],
    "941": ["acorn squash"],
    "942": ["butternut squash"],
    "943": ["cucumber", "cuke"],
    "944": ["artichoke", "globe artichoke"],
    "945": ["bell pepper"],
    "946": ["cardoon"],
    "947": ["mushroom"],
    "948": ["Granny Smith"],
    "949": ["strawberry"],
    "950": ["orange"],
    "951": ["lemon"],
    "952": ["fig"],
    "953": ["pineapple", "ananas"],
    "954": ["banana"],
    "955": ["jackfruit", "jak", "jack"],
    "956": ["custard apple"],
    "957": ["pomegranate"],
    "958": ["hay"],
    "959": ["carbonara"],
    "960": ["chocolate sauce", "chocolate syrup"],
    "961": ["dough"],
    "962": ["meat loaf", "meatloaf"],
    "963": ["pizza", "pizza pie"],
    "964": ["potpie"],
    "965": ["burrito"],
    "966": ["red wine"],
    "967": ["espresso"],
    "968": ["cup"],
    "969": ["eggnog"],
    "970": ["alp"],
    "971": ["bubble"],
    "972": ["cliff", "drop", "drop-off"],
    "973": ["coral reef"],
    "974": ["geyser"],
    "975": ["lakeside", "lakeshore"],
    "976": ["promontory", "headland", "head", "foreland"],
    "977": ["sandbar", "sand bar"],
    "978": ["seashore", "coast", "seacoast", "sea-coast"],
    "979": ["valley", "vale"],
    "980": ["volcano"],
    "981": ["ballplayer", "baseball player"],
    "982": ["groom", "bridegroom"],
    "983": ["scuba diver"],
    "984": ["rapeseed"],
    "985": ["daisy"],
    "986": ["yellow lady's slipper", "yellow lady-slipper", "Cypripedium calceolus", "Cypripedium parviflorum"],
    "987": ["corn"],
    "988": ["acorn"],
    "989": ["hip", "rose hip", "rosehip"],
    "990": ["buckeye", "horse chestnut", "conker"],
    "991": ["coral fungus"],
    "992": ["agaric"],
    "993": ["gyromitra"],
    "994": ["stinkhorn", "carrion fungus"],
    "995": ["earthstar"],
    "996": ["hen-of-the-woods", "hen of the woods", "Polyporus frondosus", "Grifola frondosa"],
    "997": ["bolete"],
    "998": ["ear", "spike", "capitulum"],
    "999": ["toilet tissue", "toilet paper", "bathroom tissue"]
}
第三步:构建模型,并训练
from torchvision import models
#查看文件夹里的内容(模型)
dir(models)

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第10张图片

#为了在输入图像上运行AlexNet架构,我们可以创建AlexNet类的实例
alexnet = models.AlexNet()
#同理创建resnet实例,可以看到resnet的结构,书上说该模型之后还会详解,目前不用深究
resnet = models.resnet101(pretrained = True)
resnet

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第11张图片
下一步是对图片的预处理:

"""
我们必须对输入图像进行预处理,使它们的大小和它们的值(颜色)大致在相同的数值范围内。
为了做到这一点,torchvision模块提供了变换,使我们能够快速定义基本预处理功能的管道:
resize():定义图片的大小
centercrop():定义以图片中心为核心,向四周进行裁剪
totensor():将图片的颜色、高度、宽度转化为张量
normalize():对其RGB (红色、绿色、蓝色)分量进行归一化处理,使其具有定义的均值和标准差。
"""
from torchvision import transforms
preprocess = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize(256),
    transforms.CenterCrop(224),
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize(
        mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406],
        std=[0.229,0.224,0.225]
    )
])
img_t=preprocess(img)
img_t.shape

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第12张图片

#放入模型都需要转化成4维张量。第一位是batch_size,第二位是图片色彩维度,后两位是图片尺寸
import torch 
batch_t = torch.unsqueeze(img_t,0)
batch_t.shape

可以对比一下这里batch_t.shape输出的不同结果。
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第13张图片

#为了进行推理,我们需要将网络置于eval模式:
resnet.eval()
#out为输出的结果,是一个张量
out=resnet(batch_t)
#它是一个1*1000的张量,第i个值对应该图片是第i个类型的可能(没有百分比化的,还不能直接用)
print("out.shape:"+str(out.shape))
out

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第14张图片

#argmax就是得到最大值的序号索引
#out.argmax()就是在上文的1000个值中找到最大的可能,并获得它的序号索引,又因为返回的是张量,而我们只需要一个数值,tensor里可以用item()来取张量中的值。
label_result=str(out.argmax().item())
print("该图片的标签为:"+str(img_labels[label_result]))
print("out.sum():"+str(out.sum()))
#转化成:"该结果正确率为多少百分比的形式"

#我们需要确定前面得到的外张量中最大得分对应的指标。我们可以使用PyTorch中的max函数,它输出张量中的最大值以及最大值出现的索引:
_,index = torch.max(out,1)
percentage = torch.nn.functional.softmax(out,dim=1)[0]*100
print("percentage.sum():"+str(percentage.sum()))
print("该判断的正确率:"+str(percentage[index[0]].item()))

在这里插入图片描述
检验一下结果:
Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第15张图片
好吧,看起来感觉是一个物种。
同理,我们可以获得排名前5的推理结果:

#同理,我们可以获得排名前五的推理结果
_,indices = torch.sort(out,descending=True)
[(img_labels[str(idx.item())],percentage[idx].item()) for idx in indices[0][:5]]

Pytorch-《Deep learning with pytorch》1.2.1训练imagenetmini_第16张图片
可以看到,其他的结果可能性就很小了。
这个实验到这里就结束了,一起试试吧!

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