8.1英语学习

To solve Tragedy of Commons, right rules can avert and force people to dissociate their reasoning from their identities.

1. Force people to switch sides in a debate and argue the opposite position.
2. Have people try to reach a consensus in a small discussion group. This forces them to defend their opinions to their groupmates, and the truth usually wins. Nonetheless, this may not be pragmatic in places like China.
3. Adversarial collaboration. Mortal enemies work together to get to bottom of an issue, setting up empirical tests that they agree beforehand.
4. Explicate an opinion. Illusion of Explanatory Depth: though we think we understand how a zipper works, or a cylinder lock, as soon as we are called upon to explain it we are dumbfounded and forced to confess we have no idea. When they realize that they don’t know what they’re talking about, they become more open to counterargument.
5. Choose spokespeople carefully.
6. Factual state of affairs should be unbundled from remedies that are freighted with symbolic political meaning.

生词

• explicate 解释
• plebiscite 公民投票
• dander 怒气
• gentry 出身高贵的人们
• congenial 一致的
• inanity 愚蠢无意义的
  **Interesting **–>
  Scientists often treat the public the way Englishmen treat foreigners: they speak more slowly and more loudly.