社会计算复习 之 Scale-free networks, Emergent Behaviour, Self-organizing systems

Scale Free Networks 无尺度网络

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Scale-free_network_zh.png/600px-Scale-free_network_zh.png

大部分的节点之和很少的节点链接,而这些关键节点称之为Hub和connecter,即枢纽和节点。

Scale Free - Many small nodes held together by a few hubs

Robust Scale Free Networks

在random网络中,一些node失效将会很容易的将网络变成一块块isolated 和 non-communicating network。但是在一个Scale Free Network中即使减少了80%的node,剩下的20%依然相互连接。

但是很怕有组织的攻击,对这些关键节点进行网络攻击。

Run-away internet

Tor 网络等

Six degrees of separation

find the average distance between any two people in US

Emergent Behavior

Is a Behavior of a system that does not depend on its individual parts, but on their relationships to one anothers. And the Emergent behavior cannot be predicted by examination of a system's individual parts

即,一种系统的行为,不依赖于各个部分,而是他们彼此之间的relationship。所以说我们通过检查各个部分无法预测紧急行为。


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