【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression

case-control study:
对一群人分组,一组抽烟,一组不抽烟,再看有没有得肺癌,这要等很久,被称作cohort study;
而case-control study是找一群有肺癌的人,问有没有抽烟,做分析。

  • risk and odds ratio in case-control study
    so far all deviations and analyses with logistic regression have assumed cohort sampling so that both the risk and the odds ratio can be estimated.
    however, we know that risks cannot be estimated from case-control studies without addtitional , external information .
    under case-control studies, logistic regression can be used to estimate odds ratio, but not risk .
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第1张图片
    note:case-control study 是对选入study的个体进行探究,而cohort study 不是。
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第2张图片
    中间的红色框来源:
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第3张图片

    其中的p1,p2是一开始就确定的。
    case-control study 与 cohort study 做 logistic regression得到的slope是一样的,都是β1,所以odds ratios也一样。但intercept是不一样的。
    先做(2)的回归,计算得截距 l n ( p 1 p 0 ) + β 0 ln(\frac{p_1}{p_0})+\beta _0 ln(p0p1)+β0,再根据 p 0 , p 1 p_0,p_1 p0,p1,回推出(1)的截距 β 0 \beta_0 β0,得概率 P r ( D = 1 ∣ x ) Pr(D=1|x) Pr(D=1x)

    • 案例
      【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第4张图片
      【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第5张图片
  • 当分组非常多的时候,多到每组里面只有几个时
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第6张图片
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第7张图片
    note:用conditional regression方法,主要是去估计 β 1 \beta_1 β1,而不是 α k \alpha_k αk
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第8张图片
    【回归分析】logistic regression for case-control data and conditional logistic regression_第9张图片


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