四篇文章带你玩转springboot——3启动源码及外部化配置

四篇文章带你玩转springboot——3启动源码及外部化配置_第1张图片

 第1章 main入口

public static void main(String[] args) {
    //代码很简单SpringApplication.run();
	SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class, args);
}
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class primarySource,
                                                 String... args) {
    //这个里面调用了run() 方法,我们转到定义
    return run(new Class[] { primarySource }, args);
}
 
 
//这个run方法代码也很简单,就做了两件事情
//1、new了一个SpringApplication() 这么一个对象
//2、执行new出来的SpringApplication()对象的run()方法
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class[] primarySources,
                                                 String[] args) {
    return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
}

上面代码主要做了两件事情。

  • 第一步new了一个SpringApplication对象

  • 第二步调用了run()方法。

1.1 SpringApplication

public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class... primarySources) {
		this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
		Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
		//1、先把主类保存起来
		this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
		//2、判断运行项目的类型
		this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
		//3、扫描当前路径下META-INF/spring.factories文件的,加载ApplicationContextInitializer接口实例
		setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
		//4、扫描当前路径下META-INF/spring.factories文件的,加载ApplicationListener接口实例
		setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
		this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

1.1.1 判断运行环境

构造方法内会调用枚举WebApplicationType的deduceFromClasspath方法获得应用类型并设置当前应用是普通web应用、响应式web应用还是非web应用。

this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();

deduceFromClasspath方法由枚举WebApplicationType提供,具体实现如下:  

static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
    //当classpath下只存在org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler,
    //且不存在org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet,也不存在
    //org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer则运行环境为reactive,该模式是非阻塞模式
    if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null) && !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
        && !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)) {
        return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
    }
    for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
        if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
            return WebApplicationType.NONE;
        }
    }
    return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}

 推断的过程中重点调用了ClassUtils.isPresent()方法,用来判断指定类名的类是否存在,是否可以进行加载。ClassUtils.isPresent()方法源代码如下:

public static boolean isPresent(String className, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
    try {
        forName(className, classLoader);
        return true;
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessError err) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Readability mismatch in inheritance hierarchy of class [" +
                                        className + "]: " + err.getMessage(), err);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        // Typically ClassNotFoundException or NoClassDefFoundError...
        return false;
    }
}

isPresent()方法调用了forName()方法,如果在调用forName()方法的过程中出现异常则返回false,也就是目标类不存在。否则,返回true。

看一下forName()方法的部分代码:

public static Class forName(String name, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)
			throws ClassNotFoundException, LinkageError {

	// 此处省略一些非空和基础类型的判断逻辑代码

	ClassLoader clToUse = classLoader;
	if (clToUse == null) {
	    //如果为空则获取默认classLoader
		clToUse = getDefaultClassLoader();
	}
	try {
	    // 返回加载户的Class。
		return Class.forName(name, false, clToUse);
	} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
	    // 如果直接加载类出现异常,则尝试加载内部类。
		int lastDotIndex = name.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR);
		if (lastDotIndex != -1) {
		    // 拼接内部类
			String innerClassName =
					name.substring(0, lastDotIndex) + INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR + name.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
			try {
				return Class.forName(innerClassName, false, clToUse);
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex2) {
				// Swallow - let original exception get through
			}
		}
		throw ex;
	}
}

通过以上核心代码,可得知forName()方法主要做的事情就是获得类加载器,尝试直接加载类,如果失败则尝试加载该类的内部类,如果依旧失败,则抛出异常。

因此,整个应用类型的推断分以下步骤:

  • SpringBoot调用SpringApplication构造方法;

  • SpringApplication构造方法调用枚举类的类型推断方法deduceFromClasspath()。

  • deduceFromClasspath()方法通过ClassUtils.isPresent()返回结果为true或false来确定是否加载成功指定的类。

  • ClassUtils.isPresent()方法通过调用forName()方法并捕获异常来确定是否能够成功加载该类。

  • forName()方法通过尝试加载指定类和指定类的内部类来确定该类是否存在,存在则返回该类,不存在则抛异常。

在类型推断的过程中枚举类WebApplicationType定义了具体去加载哪些类:

private static final String[] SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
			"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };

private static final String WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.springframework."
    + "web.servlet.DispatcherServlet";

private static final String WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org."
    + "springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";

private static final String JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer";
  • 如果应用程序存在DispatcherHandler并且不存在DispatcherServlet和ServletContainer则为响应式web应用,需加载并启动内嵌的响应式web服务。

  • 如果应用程序不包含Servlet和ConfigurableWebApplicationContext则为普通应用程序。

  • 其他情况则为基于servlet的web应用,需加载并启动内嵌的web服务。

1.1.2 初始化器和监听器

利用SPI机制扫描 META-INF/spring.factories 这个文件,并且加载 ApplicationContextInitializerApplicationListener 接口实例。

1、ApplicationContextInitializer 这个类当springboot上下文Context初始化完成后会调用

2、ApplicationListener 当springboot启动时事件change后都会触发

下面我们来自定义ApplicationContextInitializer、ApplicationListener 接口实现类

总结:上面就是SpringApplication初始化的代码,new SpringApplication()没做啥事情 ,利用SPI机制主要加载了META-INF/spring.factories 下面定义的事件监听器接口实现类

1.2 执行run方法

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {

    
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    DefaultBootstrapContext bootstrapContext = createBootstrapContext();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    
    
    configureHeadlessProperty();
 
    
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting(bootstrapContext, this.mainApplicationClass);

    try {
        
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);

        
            //准备容器环境、这里会加载配置文件。在这个方法里面会调用所有监听器Listener的onApplicationEvent(event);
            // 此时有一个与配置文件相关的监听器就会被加载`ConfigFileApplicationListener`
        ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);

        
        configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);

        
        Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);


        
        context = createApplicationContext();
		context.setApplicationStartup(this.applicationStartup);
        
        
        prepareContext(bootstrapContext, context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);

        
        //这个refreshContext()加载了bean,还启动了内置web容器,需要细细的去看看
        refreshContext(context);

        
        afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
        stopWatch.stop();
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
        }

        
        listeners.started(context);

        
        callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, ex, listeners);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    try {
        listeners.running(context);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        handleRunFailure(context, ex, null);
        throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    return context;
}

第2章 环境变量及配置 

2.1 prepareEnvironment

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
                  DefaultBootstrapContext bootstrapContext, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
    // 创建和配置环境变量
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
    configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
    ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
    listeners.environmentPrepared(bootstrapContext, environment);
    DefaultPropertiesPropertySource.moveToEnd(environment);
    Assert.state(!environment.containsProperty("spring.main.environment-prefix"),
                 "Environment prefix cannot be set via properties.");
    bindToSpringApplication(environment);
    if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
        environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader()).convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,
                                                                                               deduceEnvironmentClass());
    }
    ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
    return environment;
}

2.2 getOrCreateEnvironment

/**
*  该方法根据webApplicationType判断当前项目是什么类型项目
*/
private ConfigurableEnvironment getOrCreateEnvironment() {
    if (this.environment != null) {
        return this.environment;
    }
    switch (this.webApplicationType) {
        case SERVLET:
            return new StandardServletEnvironment();
        case REACTIVE:
            return new StandardReactiveWebEnvironment();
        default:
            return new StandardEnvironment();
    }
}

//webApplicationType是在new SpringApplication方法中通过WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath()进行赋值

枚举WebApplicationType中定义了三个应用类型:

  • NONE:应用程序不作为web应用启动,不启动内嵌的服务。

  • SERVLET:应用程序以基于servlet的web应用启动,需启动内嵌servlet web服务。

  • REACTIVE:应用程序以响应式web应用启动,需启动内嵌的响应式web服务。

这里调用new StandardServletEnvironment()方法;

StandardServletEnvironment继承了StandardEnvironment方法,StandardEnvironment又继承了AbstractEnvironment方法;在AbstractEnvironment方法中调用了customizePropertySources方法

public AbstractEnvironment() {
    customizePropertySources(this.propertySources);
}

customizePropertySources方法会回调StandardServletEnvironment方法中的customizePropertySources方法,  

protected void customizePropertySources(MutablePropertySources propertySources) {
    propertySources.addLast(new StubPropertySource(SERVLET_CONFIG_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME));
    propertySources.addLast(new StubPropertySource(SERVLET_CONTEXT_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME));
    if (JndiLocatorDelegate.isDefaultJndiEnvironmentAvailable()) {
        propertySources.addLast(new JndiPropertySource(JNDI_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME));
    }
    //在这里又调用了父类StandardEnvironment的方法
    super.customizePropertySources(propertySources);
}

到这里为止propertySources里面就加载了servletConfigInitParams、servletContextInitParams、systemProperties、systemEnvironment

然后回到prepareEnvironment方法中,在listeners.environmentPrepared(bootstrapContext, environment);方法中去进行监听

2.3 environmentPrepared

void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
    for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
        listener.environmentPrepared(environment);
    }
}

继续进入environmentPrepared方法,会进入到SpringApplicationRunListener接口,这个接口在run方法中的getRunListeners里面获取,最终是在sprin.factories里面进行加载实现类EventPublishingRunListener,执行的是EventPublishingRunListener类中的environmentPrepared方法。  

public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
    this.initialMulticaster
        .multicastEvent(new ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(this.application, this.args, environment));
}

multicastEvent

public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
    ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
    Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
    for (ApplicationListener listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
        if (executor != null) {
            executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
        }
        else {
            invokeListener(listener, event);
        }
    }
}

invokeListener

protected void invokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
    ErrorHandler errorHandler = getErrorHandler();
    if (errorHandler != null) {
        try {
            doInvokeListener(listener, event);
        }
        catch (Throwable err) {
            errorHandler.handleError(err);
        }
    }
    else {
        doInvokeListener(listener, event);
    }
}

doInvokeListener

private void doInvokeListener(ApplicationListener listener, ApplicationEvent event) {
    try {
        listener.onApplicationEvent(event);
    }
    catch (ClassCastException ex) {
        String msg = ex.getMessage();
        if (msg == null || matchesClassCastMessage(msg, event.getClass())) {
            // Possibly a lambda-defined listener which we could not resolve the generic event type for
            // -> let's suppress the exception and just log a debug message.
            Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Non-matching event type for listener: " + listener, ex);
            }
        }
        else {
            throw ex;
        }
    }
}

 进入ConfigFileApplicationListener实现类中的onApplicationEvent方法

onApplicationEvent

public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
    if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
        //在这个方法里面读取配置文件
        onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent((ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event);
    }
    if (event instanceof ApplicationPreparedEvent) {
        onApplicationPreparedEvent(event);
    }
}
private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
    List postProcessors = loadPostProcessors();
    postProcessors.add(this);
    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors);
    for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor : postProcessors) {
        //进入
        postProcessor.postProcessEnvironment(event.getEnvironment(), event.getSpringApplication());
    }
}
public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplication application) {
    //进入
    addPropertySources(environment, application.getResourceLoader());
}
protected void addPropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
    RandomValuePropertySource.addToEnvironment(environment);
    //load方法是读取配置文件的核心方法
    new Loader(environment, resourceLoader).load();
}
void load() {
    FilteredPropertySource.apply(this.environment, DEFAULT_PROPERTIES, LOAD_FILTERED_PROPERTY,
                                 (defaultProperties) -> {
                                     this.profiles = new LinkedList<>();
                                     this.processedProfiles = new LinkedList<>();
                                     this.activatedProfiles = false;
                                     this.loaded = new LinkedHashMap<>();
                                     initializeProfiles();
                                     while (!this.profiles.isEmpty()) {
                                         Profile profile = this.profiles.poll();
                                         if (isDefaultProfile(profile)) {
                                             addProfileToEnvironment(profile.getName());
                                         }
                                         load(profile, this::getPositiveProfileFilter,
                                              addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addLast, false));
                                         this.processedProfiles.add(profile);
                                     }
                                     load(null, this::getNegativeProfileFilter, addToLoaded(MutablePropertySources::addFirst, true));
                                     addLoadedPropertySources();
                                     applyActiveProfiles(defaultProperties);
                                 });
}

2.4 createApplicationContext

 一起来看下context = createApplicationContext(); 这段代码,这段代码主要是根据项目类型创建上下文,并且会注入几个核心组件类。

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
	Class contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
	if (contextClass == null) {
		try {
			switch (this.webApplicationType) {
			case SERVLET:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			case REACTIVE:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			default:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
			}
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex);
		}
	}
	return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

public AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
	   super(beanFactory);
       //1:会去注入一些spring核心组件
	   this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
	   this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);

}

 Web类型项目创建上下文对象 AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext 。这里会把 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 、AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 等一些核心组件加入到Spring容器

2.5 refreshContext

下面一起来看下refreshContext(context) 这个方法,这个方法启动spring的代码加载了bean,还启动了内置web容器

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        // 转到定义看看
		refresh(context);
		if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
			try {
				context.registerShutdownHook();
			}
			catch (AccessControlException ex) {
				// Not allowed in some environments.
			}
		}
}
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
		Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
        //看看refresh()方法去
		((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();

}

 转到AbstractApplicationContext - >refresh()方法里面发现这是spring容器启动代码

/**
* 加载或刷新一个持久化的配置,可能是XML文件、属性文件或关系数据库模式。
* 由于这是一种启动方法,如果失败,应该销毁已经创建的单例,以避免悬空资源。
* 换句话说,在调用该方法之后,要么全部实例化,要么完全不实例化。
* @throws 如果bean工厂无法初始化,则抛出 BeansException 异常
* @throws 如果已经初始化且不支持多次刷新,则会抛出 IllegalStateException 异常
*/
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    //加载或刷新配置前的同步处理
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        // 为刷新而准备此上下文
        prepareRefresh();

        // 告诉子类去刷新内部bean工厂。
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // 准备好bean工厂,以便在此上下文中使用。
        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {
            // 允许在上下文子类中对bean工厂进行后置处理。
            postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            // 调用在上下文中注册为bean的工厂处理器。
            invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // 注册拦截bean创建的bean处理器。
            registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // 初始化此上下文的 message resource 消息资源。
            initMessageSource();

            // 为这个上下文初始化事件多路广播器。
            initApplicationEventMulticaster();

            // 初始化特定上下文子类中的其他特殊bean。
            onRefresh();

            // 注册监听器(检查监听器的bean并注册它们)。
            registerListeners();

            // 实例化所有剩余的(非 lazy-init 懒初始化的)单例。
            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

            // 最后一步: 发布相应的事件。
            finishRefresh();
        }

        catch (BeansException ex) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                            "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
            }

            // 销毁已经创建的单例,以避免悬空资源。
            destroyBeans();

            // 重置 'active' 表示.
            cancelRefresh(ex);

            // 将异常传播给调用者。
            throw ex;
        }

        finally {
            // 重置Spring内核中的共用的缓存,因为我们可能再也不需要单例bean的元数据了……
            resetCommonCaches();
        }
    }
}

你可能感兴趣的:(SpringBoot,java,开发语言,spring,boot,后端,spring)