854 K-Similar Strings 相似度为 K 的字符串
Description:
Strings s1 and s2 are k-similar (for some non-negative integer k) if we can swap the positions of two letters in s1 exactly k times so that the resulting string equals s2.
Given two anagrams s1 and s2, return the smallest k for which s1 and s2 are k-similar.
Example:
Example 1:
Input: s1 = "ab", s2 = "ba"
Output: 1
Example 2:
Input: s1 = "abc", s2 = "bca"
Output: 2
Example 3:
Input: s1 = "abac", s2 = "baca"
Output: 2
Example 4:
Input: s1 = "aabc", s2 = "abca"
Output: 2
Constraints:
1 <= s1.length <= 20
s2.length == s1.length
s1 and s2 contain only lowercase letters from the set {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}.
s2 is an anagram of s1.
题目描述:
如果可以通过将 A 中的两个小写字母精确地交换位置 K 次得到与 B 相等的字符串，我们称字符串 A 和 B 的相似度为 K（K 为非负整数）。
给定两个字母异位词 A 和 B ，返回 A 和 B 的相似度 K 的最小值。
示例 :
示例 1：
输入：A = "ab", B = "ba"
输出：1
示例 2：
输入：A = "abc", B = "bca"
输出：2
示例 3：
输入：A = "abac", B = "baca"
输出：2
示例 4：
输入：A = "aabc", B = "abca"
输出：2
提示:
1 <= A.length == B.length <= 20
A 和 B 只包含集合 {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'} 中的小写字母。
思路:
状态压缩 + BFS
因为只有 6 个字符, 每个字符用 3 位二进制表示, 最多需要 60 位, 可以用一个 Long 存储状态
用 BFS 搜索出最小交换次数即可, 注意这里要将相同的字符的交换剪枝, 否则 TLE
时间复杂度为 O(nlgn), 空间复杂度为 O(n)
代码:
C++:
class Solution
{
public:
int kSimilarity(string s1, string s2)
{
int n = s1.size();
queue q;
q.push(s1);
unordered_set visited;
visited.insert(state(s1));
for (int result = 0, size = q.size(); ; result++, size = q.size())
{
while (size-- > 0)
{
string cur = q.front();
q.pop();
int i = 0;
while (i < n and cur[i] == s2[i]) ++i;
if (i == n) return result;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
{
if (cur[j] == s2[i] and cur[j] != s2[j])
{
string next(cur);
next[j] = next[i];
next[i] = s2[i];
if (!visited.count(state(next))) q.push(next);
}
}
}
}
}
private:
long state(const string& s)
{
long result = 0;
for (const auto& c : s)
{
result <<= 3;
result |= c - 'a';
}
return result;
}
};
Java:
class Solution {
public int kSimilarity(String s1, String s2) {
char[] source = s1.toCharArray(), target = s2.toCharArray();
int n = s1.length();
Queue queue = new ArrayDeque<>();
queue.offer(source);
Set visited = new HashSet<>();
visited.add(state(source));
for (int result = 0, size = queue.size(); ; result++, size = queue.size()) {
while (size-- > 0) {
char[] cur = queue.poll();
int i = 0;
while (i < n && cur[i] == target[i]) ++i;
if (i == n) return result;
for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (cur[j] == target[i]) {
char[] next = cur.clone();
next[j] = next[i];
next[i] = target[i];
if (visited.add(state(next))) queue.offer(next);
}
}
}
}
}
private long state(char[] source) {
long result = 0;
for (char c : source) {
result <<= 3;
result |= c - 'a';
}
return result;
}
}
Python:
class Solution:
def kSimilarity(self, s1: str, s2: str) -> int:
def getSwap(source: str) -> str:
for i, c in enumerate(source):
if c != s2[i]:
break
cur = list(source)
for j in range(i + 1, n):
if source[j] == s2[i]:
cur[i], cur[j] = cur[j], cur[i]
yield ''.join(cur)
cur[j], cur[i] = cur[i], cur[j]
queue, count, n = [s1], { s1: 0 }, len(s1)
while queue:
source = queue.pop(0)
if source == s2:
return count[source]
for target in getSwap(source):
if target not in count:
count[target] = count[source] + 1
queue.append(target)