android中使用线程池和临时缓存优化网络图片加载

研究了android从网络上异步加载图像:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

01 private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
02         handler.post(new Runnable() {
03                public void run() {
04                    Drawable drawable = null;
05                    try {
06                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
07                    } catch (IOException e) {
08                    }
09                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
10                }
11            });
12    }

 

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

1 final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
2          @Override
3          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
4             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
5          }
6      };


对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:对应加载图像代码如下:

01 // 引入线程池来管理多线程
02    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
03        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
04            public void run() {
05                try {
06                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
07                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
08  
09                        public void run() {
10                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
11                        }
12                    });
13                } catch (Exception e) {
14                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
15                }
16            }
17        });
18    }

 

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

01 public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
02    //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
03     public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
04     private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
05     private final Handler handler=new Handler();
06   
07      /**
08      *
09      * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
10      * @param callback     回调接口
11      * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
12      */
13     public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
14         //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
15         if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
16             SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
17             if (softReference.get() != null) {
18                 return softReference.get();
19             }
20         }
21         //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
22          executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
23             public void run() {
24                 try {
25                     final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
26   
27                     imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
28   
29                     handler.post(new Runnable() {
30                         public void run() {
31                            callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
32                         }
33                     });
34                 } catch (Exception e) {
35                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
36                 }
37             }
38         });
39         return null;
40     }
41      //从网络上取数据方法
42     protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
43         try {
44             return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
45         } catch (Exception e) {
46             throw new RuntimeException(e);
47         }
48     }
49     //对外界开放的回调接口
50     public interface ImageCallback {
51         //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
52         public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
53     }
54 }

 

这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

 

01 //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
02     private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
03           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
04          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
05              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
06              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
07                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
08              }
09          });
10         if(cacheImage!=null){
11           ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
12         }
13     }


5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

01 public class AsyncImageLoader {
02    //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
03     private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
04   
05      /**
06      *
07      * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
08      * @param callback     回调接口
09      * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
10      */
11     public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
12         //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
13         if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
14             SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
15             if (softReference.get() != null) {
16                 return softReference.get();
17             }
18         }
19   
20         final Handler handler = new Handler() {
21             @Override
22             public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
23                 callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
24             }
25         };
26         new Thread() {
27             public void run() {
28                 Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
29                 imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
30                 handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));
31   
32             }
33   
34         }.start();
35         /*
36         下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法
37          */
38 //        new AsyncTask() {
39 //            @Override
40 //            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
41 //                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
42 //                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
43 //                return  drawable;
44 //            }
45 //
46 //            @Override
47 //            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
48 //                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
49 //            }
50 //        }.execute();
51         return null;
52     }
53   
54     protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
55         try {
56             return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
57         } catch (Exception e) {
58             throw new RuntimeException(e);
59         }
60     }
61     //对外界开放的回调接口
62     public interface ImageCallback {
63         public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
64     }
65 }


至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

001 package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;
002   
003 import android.app.Activity;
004 import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
005 import android.os.Bundle;
006 import android.os.Handler;
007 import android.os.Message;
008 import android.widget.ImageView;
009 import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
010 import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
011 import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;
012   
013 import java.io.IOException;
014 import java.net.URL;
015 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
016 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
017   
018 public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
019        final Handler handler=new Handler();
020       final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
021           @Override
022           public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
023              ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
024           }
025       };
026 private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
027     private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
028     private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
029   
030   
031 @Override
032 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
033   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
034   setContentView(R.layout.main);
035     
036 //  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
037 //  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
038 //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
039 //        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
040 //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
041   
042         loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
043   loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
044   loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
045         loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
046   loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
047 //        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
048 //  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
049 //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
050 //        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
051 //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
052   
053 //        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
054 //  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
055 //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
056 //        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
057 //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
058   
059 //        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
060 //        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
061 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
062 //  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
063 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
064 //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
065 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
066 //        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
067 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
068 //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
069 //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
070 //         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
071 }
072   
073 @Override
074 protected void onDestroy() {
075   executorService.shutdown();
076   super.onDestroy();
077 }
078     //线程加载图像基本原理
079     private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
080          handler.post(new Runnable() {
081                 public void run() {
082                     Drawable drawable = null;
083                     try {
084                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
085                     } catch (IOException e) {
086                     }
087                     ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
088                 }
089             });
090     }
091      //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
092      private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
093          Thread thread = new Thread(){
094              @Override
095              public void run() {
096                Drawable drawable = null;
097                     try {
098                         drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
099                     } catch (IOException e) {
100                     }
101   
102                 Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
103                  message.arg1 = id;
104                  message.obj = drawable;
105                  handler2.sendMessage(message);
106              }
107          };
108          thread.start();
109          thread = null;
110     }
111     // 引入线程池来管理多线程
112     private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
113         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
114             public void run() {
115                 try {
116                     final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
117                     handler.post(new Runnable() {
118   
119                         public void run() {
120                             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
121                         }
122                     });
123                 } catch (Exception e) {
124                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
125                 }
126             }
127         });
128     }
129     //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
130     private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
131           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
132          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
133              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
134              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
135                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
136              }
137          });
138         if(cacheImage!=null){
139           ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
140         }
141     }
142   
143     //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
144     private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
145           //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
146          Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
147              //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
148              public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
149                ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
150              }
151          });
152         if(cacheImage!=null){
153                     ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
154         }
155     }
156   
157   
158 }



xml文件大致如下:

01 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
02   
03 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
04               android:layout_width="fill_parent"
05               android:orientation="vertical"
06               android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
07   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
08    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
09     <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
10     <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
11     <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
12 </LinearLayout>

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