《雅思写作备考原则之Convincing》

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作为一种输出性语言能力,写作的最终目标是让读者可以接受(至少理解)作者所叙述的观点以及描述的事实。正因于此,Convincing(satisfying or assuring by argument or proof:基于观点与证据的满意与确信)就显得尤为重要了。

如果说上两篇文章所叙述的Correct(正确性)、Consistent(流畅性)分别解释了写作的语言、逻辑要求的话,那么Convincing的核心目标就是要解释写作的内容性要求。

总体而言,一篇雅思文章的Convincing与否可以从两个维度上进行界定:

【维度1:Convincing的主观点与分观点】

请看下题

Some people argue that the value of higher education declines considerably as college graduates’ unemployment rate keeps increasing.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

任务要求:请同学们写出本篇文章的OUTLINE(其中应包含主观点与分观点)

现在,让我们思考下述3个问题:

1. 本篇题目所提出的观点是什么?

2. 本篇题目的观点是独立存在的还是基于一定条件/原因/理由的?

3. 大家的论述焦点是首先同意/反对结论还是立论或驳论前提?

通过分析,我们会发现本篇题目的观点是:高等教育的价值大幅下降(the value of higher education declines considerably),理由是大学毕业生的失业率大幅上升(college students’ unemployment rate keeps increasing)。因此,本篇题目观点是基于一个特定理由得出的。经过分析我们可以发现本题的理由是不充分的,所以我们可以对本题的观点持反对看法。

MODEL OUTLINE(梗概范例)

主观点

The argument is arbitrary for it only highlights the role of higher education in preparing students to be qualified employees but underestimates its extraordinary value in other respects.(这一观点是武断的,因为它只强调了高等教育在帮助学生成为合格雇员方面的作用,却低估了高等教育在其它方面的非凡价值)。

核心分观点1:Universities provide a cross-cultural environment for students to develop their eclectic mindsets, which is of exceeding importance for their judgment.(大学向学生们提供了一个跨文化的环境。这种环境可以使学生们具备对其判断力大有益处的兼收并蓄的思维方式)。

核心分观点2:In the course of associating with their multiethnic classmates, students are going to learn the secrets of neutralizing conflicts for unison.(在与多民族同学进行交往的过程中,学生们将会掌握中和冲突、达成共识的秘密)。

【维度2:Convincing的论据】

中国人在描述家庭关系的紧密型时常用“骨肉相连”这一成语。其实,这一成语也同样适用于写作。“骨”为主观点与分观点构成的论证线(line of reasoning),“肉”为支持论证线的论据。

毫不夸张的说,调动论据说明观点的能力差异能够决定同学们的雅思作文分数是在7.5分及之上还是之下。

请看针对下题提出的一个分观点

Some people argue that the money is a decisive factor of success.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

分观点:It is the way that a person spends money but not money itself that determines one’s success.(决定一个人成功的是其支配金钱的方式、而非金钱本身)。

请同学们用20秒钟时间想出一个例子说明这一观点。

接下来,请同学们按照引证-发展-提炼三个步骤写出自己的例子。

MODEL SAMPLE(举例范例)

Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, is an impeccable example in this regard. Though publicly recognized as the richest person in the world, Bill Gates never indulges himself in the life of extravagance. Instead, he and his wife, Caroline, have donated billions of US dollars to charity undertakings to help disadvantageous people. It is for his benevolence but not for his wealth, Bill Gates is respected globally.

马良

2018年5月25日星期五

于大连

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