基因组，Genome，一般的定义是单倍体细胞中的全套染色体为一个基因组，或是单倍体细胞中的全部基因为一个基因组。可是基因组测序的结果发现基因编码序列只占整个基因组序列的很小一部分。因此，基因组应该指单倍体细胞中包括编码序列和非编码序列在内的全部DNA分子。说的更确切些，核基因组是单倍体细胞核内的全部 DNA分子；线粒体基因组则是一个线粒体所包含的全部DNA分子；叶绿体基因组则是一个叶绿体所包含的全部DNA分子
转录组（transcriptome）广义上指某一生理条件下，细胞内所有转录产物的集合，包括信使RNA、核糖体RNA、转运RNA及非编码RNA；狭义上指所有mRNA的集合。
从定义上看，很明显，基因组一般指的是DNA（某些只含有RNA的生物除外），而转录组则指的是RNA。
材料p. euphratica 采自塔里木盆地，两种样品，盐胁迫和没有盐胁迫的愈合组织（callus），de no assembly获得数据，
功能注释：1. BLAST search
2.GI accession and GO accessions
3.Swiss-Prot protein database,KEGG pathways database,COG database.
不同EST表达分析：1.RPKM
2.multiple testing with the Benjamini-Hpchberg fasle discovery rate(FDR)
3.p value
4.BLASTX to Arabidopsis gene models
Results and discussion
1.De novo assembly and quantitative assessment of the lllumina ESTs
A BLAST comparison revealed that the assembly contains 92% of the NCBI P. euphratica ESTs and 90% of the TIGR poplar ESTs.(两两比较)
These results suggest that our assembly covered >90% of all P. euphratica transcripts.
2.Functional annotation and characterization of transcripts
Among the 86,777 high-quality unique sequences, 58,499 (67.4%) had at least one significant match to an existing gene model in BLASTX searches.
3.Transcript differences between control and salt-stressed callus
(1)Firstly，transporters：579 differentially regulated ESTs，246 were strongly up-regulated.
These transporters, which are important for maintaining and re-establishing homeostasis of the cytoplasm, are induced and highly expressed in response to salinity stress (Hasegawa et al. 2000).
(2)Secondly, transcription and cellular communication:We found 454 differentially regulated ESTs involved in transcription: 132 up-regulated and 322 down-regulated.
Five hundred and ninety-six of the differentially expressed ESTs were involved in cellular communication: 166 up-regulated and 430 down-regulated .
TF的功能分析应该能够增加对盐胁迫应答的复杂规则网络的信息(Functional analyses of these transcription factors should provide more information on the complex regulatory networks involved in responses of trees to salt stress (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki 2006).)
(3)Thirdly,well-characterized metabolic pathways,40,including genes involved in carbohydrate,
amino acid, energy, lipid, secondary metabolite, cofactor and vitamin, terpenoid and polyketide metabolism.
(4)abscisic acid (ABA) signalling regulation and biosynthesis were significantly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress.脱落酸信号途径和生物合成对盐胁迫有上下调的变化
讲述了样品中的unigene能够与拟南芥功能基因配合上的功能。在ABA合成途径中对盐胁迫有响应作用的UNigene，
Conclusions and perspectives
In addition, we have identified numerous potential stress-induced transporters, transcription factors and various components of ABA biosynthesis and signalling pathways that may be involved in the adaptation of this species to extreme environments (Chen et al. 2002, 2009, Umezawa et al. 2006, Wu et al. 2007).
全文讲述了p.eupharatica这个采自新疆塔里木盆地的物种，大规模转录组分析，主要使用三个处理的样品，生物学重复三次送样，集中功能分析在运输，转录因子，不同成分的ABA生物合成和信号通路方面，并发掘许多与盐胁迫和干旱胁迫相关unigene，以备后续进一步研究。
参考文献：
[1] Qiu Q, Ma T, Hu Q, et al. Genome-scale transcriptome analysis of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica[J]. Tree Physiology, 2011, 31(4):452.