java线程死锁检测

线程死锁

当线程1持有锁A并申请锁B,而此时有个线程2持有锁B并申请锁A时,就会导致程死锁。这种情况下,除非手动结束java进程否则这两个线程将无法打破僵持状态。


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如何避免死锁

当多个线程都需要申请多个资源时,如果申请资源的顺序都一致, 就能保证任意时刻只能有一个线程可以同时获得所有资源,其他线程必须等当前线程释放所有资源后才能重新获得锁。


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虽然多线程只要以固定顺序请求资源就能避免死锁的发生,但实际业务场景千变万化,很难保证总是处于理想的状态。

死锁检测

只有检测到死锁的状态,才能做针对性的业务处理。
ThreadMXBean是java.lang.management包提供的工具类,通过ThreadMXBean类的findDeadlockedThreads()方法能获得发生死锁的线程编号。

public class DeadLockDemo {
    private Object lock1 = new Object();
    private Object lock2 = new Object();
    public void doActionA() {
        synchronized (lock1) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ": acquire lock1");
            try {
                // 线程阻塞,让其他线程拿到lock2
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
            synchronized (lock2) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ": acquire lock2");
            }
        }
    }

    public void doActionB() {
        synchronized (lock2) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ": acquire lock2");
            synchronized (lock1) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ": acquire lock1");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread monitorThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    ThreadMXBean tmx = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
                    long[] ids = tmx.findDeadlockedThreads();
                    if (ids != null) {
                        ThreadInfo[] tmxThreadInfo = tmx.getThreadInfo(ids, true, true);
                        System.out.println("The following threads are deadlocked:");
                        for (ThreadInfo ti : tmxThreadInfo) {
                            System.out.println(ti);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        monitorThread.start();
        DeadLockDemo demo = new DeadLockDemo();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                demo.doActionA();
            }
        });
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                demo.doActionB();
            }
        });
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

总结

死锁的发生总是很难避免,只能在多线程设计时,尽可能全面的考虑死锁的风险。对于业务要求严格的场景,可以采取必要的死锁检测机制,保证系统的健壮性。

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