Android 动态权限解析

从Android 6.0(API 23)开始，对系统权限做了很大的改变。在之前用户安装APP前，只是把APP需要使用的权限列出来给用户告知一下，APP安装后都可以访问这些权限。
从6.0开始，一些敏感权限，需要在使用时动态申请，并且用户可以选择拒绝授权访问这些权限，已授予过的权限，用户也可以去APP设置页面去关闭授权。这对用户来说提高了安全性，可以防止一些应用恶意访问用户数据，但是对于开发来说，也增加了不少工作量，这块不做适配处理的话，APP在访问权限的时候会容易crash。

权限等级和权限组

权限主要分为normal、dangerous、signature和signatureOrSystem四个等级，常规情况下我们只需要了解前两种，即正常权限和危险权限。

危险权限

实际开发当中主要会涉及到危险权限的配置，所有只描述有哪些危险权限的配置。

权限组	权限
CALENDAR	READ_CALENDAR
\	WRITE_CALENDAR
CAMERA	CAMERA
CONTACTS	READ_CONTACTS
\	WRITE_CONTACTS
\	GET_ACCOUNTS
LOCATION	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
\	ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
MICROPHONE	RECORD_AUDIO
PHONE	READ_PHONE_STATE
\	CALL_PHONE
\	READ_CALL_LOG
\	WRITE_CALL_LOG
\	ADD_VOICEMAIL
\	USE_SIP
\	PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
SENSORS	BODY_SENSORS
SMS	SEND_SMS
\	RECEIVE_SMS
\	READ_SMS
\	RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
\	RECEIVE_MMS
STORAGE	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
\	WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

EasyPermissions的使用

依赖

implementation 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:2.0.1'

使用案例

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks, EasyPermissions.RationaleCallbacks {

    private Button mClick;
    private int REQUEST_FILE_CODE = 99;
    String[] permissions = {READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,INTERNET};

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, permissions)) {

            initView();

        } else {

            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
                    new PermissionRequest.Builder(this, REQUEST_FILE_CODE, permissions)
                            .setRationale("请确认相关权限！！")
                            .setPositiveButtonText("ok")
                            .setNegativeButtonText("cancal")
//                            .setTheme(R.style.my_fancy_style)
                            .build());
        }


    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        // Forward results to EasyPermissions
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {

        Log.d(TAG, "onPermissionsGranted: 用户接受确认权限");
        initView();
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, @NonNull List perms) {


        Log.d(TAG, "onPermissionsDenied: 用户拒绝权限确认");
    }

    @Override
    public void onRationaleAccepted(int requestCode) {

        Log.d(TAG, "onRationaleAccepted: ");
    }

    @Override
    public void onRationaleDenied(int requestCode) {

        Log.d(TAG, "onRationaleDenied: ");
    }

    private void initView() {
        mClick = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
        mClick.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {


                Log.d(TAG, "onClick: ");
            }
        });
    }
}