Flutter 使用总结

Flutter 安装

下载：Flutter SDK；

配置环境变量：

打开终端，打开环境变量配置：open ~/.zshrc；
如果没有.zshrc，就新建：vim ~/.zshrc；

配置环境变量：

export PATH
export PATH export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin 
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn # 国内用户需要设置
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn # 国内用户需要设置
# export PATH=${PATH}:/flutter的存储地址/flutter/bin:$PATH
export PATH="$PATH:/xxxflutter的存储地址xxx/bin"

# 最后一行举例：
# export PATH=${PATH}:/Users/xxx/Documents/code/flutter/bin:$PATH
# export PATH="$PATH:/Users/xxx/Documents/code/flutter/bin"

# Flutter配置
#export PATH="$PATH:/Users/andy/Documents/code/flutter/bin"
#export PATH=/Users/用户名/Documents/flutter/flutter/bin:$PATH
#export ANDROID_HOME="/Users/用户名/Documents/android_sdk" //android sdk目录，替换为你自己的即可
#export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_HOME}/tools
#export PATH=${PATH}:${ANDROID_HOME}/platform-tools
#export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn

保存并退出编辑：:wq；
重新保存一下配置：source ~/.zshrc，来刷新一下，让我们的配置立即生效；
运行一下看是否配置好：flutter doctor；

下载：Android Studio；
1. Android Studio安装：Flutter插件；打开Android Studio，打开路径：Android Studio->Preferences->Plugins->Marketplace->搜索Flutter，下载Flutter；
2. 安装：Dart插件；（下载Flutter插件，会让先下载Dart插件）
3. 重启Android Studio让插件生效；
4. 配置Flutter SDK路径（前提是要先打开一个Flutter项目，才能在Languages & Frameworks下面看到Flutter和Dart配置入口），就是下载的Flutter SDK的存放路径：打开路径：Android Studio->Preferences->Languages & Frameworks->Flutter->Flutter SDK path，选择下载的Flutter SDK的存放路径；
5. 配置Dart路径：一般配置好Flutter SDK路径，Dart路径会自动配置，可在路径：Android Studio->Preferences->Languages & Frameworks->Dart->Dart SDK path，查看是否配置成功。
下载：Xcode；
打开Android Studio的命令行，执行：flutter doctor，使用Flutter的语法进行检测；

Flutter 语法

命令行

// 配置检测：首次执行Flutter命令的时候，会自动下载依赖项并自行编译。如果有问题，按照提示，依次解决。
flutter doctor

// 打包apk
flutter build apk

// 清空缓存
flutter clean

// 更新依赖
flutter pub upgrade

解决ListView嵌套ListView不显示和滑动冲突：

解决方法如下：

shrinkWrap: true, //为true可以解决子控件必须设置高度的问题
physics: NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(), //禁用滑动事件

示例代码如下：

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Container(
        child: ListView(
            children: [
                _topSearchView(),
                _listView(),
            ],
        ),
    );
}

Widget _topSearchView(){
    return Container(
        width: ScreenUtil().setWidth(750),
        height: ScreenUtil().setHeight(80),
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
        margin: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(10, 5, 5, 10),
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
            color:Colors.white,
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular((10.0)),
            border: Border.all(
                width:0.5,color:Colors.black12,
            )
        ),
        child: Row(
            children: [
                Icon(Icons.search),
                Text('搜索')
            ],
        )
    );
}

Widget _listView(){
    return Container(
        child: ListView.builder(
            shrinkWrap: true, //为true可以解决子控件必须设置高度的问题
            physics:NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(),//禁用滑动事件
            itemCount: 10,
            itemBuilder: (context,index){
                return _item(context,index);
            },
        ),
    );
}

常见错误

iPhone真机运行，报错：无法打开“iproxy”，因为无法验证开发者，这个问题可能是因为权限不够，执行这句命令就可以搞定：
```
sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /Users/zions/development/flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/usbmuxd/iproxy
```
执行flutter语法报错：command not found: flutter：应该是环境变量配置有问题，重新走一下上面的配置环境变量的步骤。

在Android Studio的终端执行flutter doctor报错：

错误一：

cmdline-tools component is missing
Run `path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"`
See https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line for more details.

然后执行：path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"后报错：

zsh: no such file or directory: path/to/sdkmanager

解决方法：参考错误二；

错误二：
```
Android license status unknown.
Run `flutter doctor --android-licenses` to accept the SDK licenses.`
See https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for more details.
```
然后执行：flutter doctor --android-licenses后报错：
```
Android sdkmanager not found. Update to the latest Android SDK and ensure that the cmdline-tools are installed to resolve this.
```
解决方法：
1. 打开SDK Manager -> Appearance & Behavior -> System Setting -> Android SDK -> SDK Tools；
2. 选中Android SDK Command-line Tools (latest)；
3. 点击下方Apply；
4. 进行下载操作；
5. 下载完成后，点击finish关闭下载页，然后点击Appley应用即可；

错误三：执行Run报错：

Error running pod install
Error launching application on iPhone 13 Pro.

解决方法：
1. ；

错误四：执行Run报错：

    ――― TEMPLATE END ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

    [!] Oh no, an error occurred.

    Search for existing GitHub issues similar to yours:
    https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/search?q=dlopen%28%2FLibrary%2FRuby%2FGems%2F2.6.0%2Fgems%2Fffi-1.15.4%2Flib%2Fffi_c.bundle%2C+0x0009%29%3A+tried%3A+%27%2FLibrary%2FRuby%2FGems%2F2.6.0%2Fgems%2Fffi-1.15.4%2Flib%2Fffi_c.bundle%27+%28mach-o+file%2C+but+is+an+incompatible+architecture+%28have+%27arm64%27%2C+need+%27x86_64%27%29%29%2C+%27%2Fusr%2Flib%2Fffi_c.bundle%27+%28no+such+file%29+-+%2FLibrary%2FRuby%2FGems%2F2.6.0%2Fgems%2Fffi-1.15.4%2Flib%2Fffi_c.bundle&type=Issues

    If none exists, create a ticket, with the template displayed above, on:
    https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/new

    Be sure to first read the contributing guide for details on how to properly submit a ticket:
    https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md

    Don't forget to anonymize any private data!

    Looking for related issues on cocoapods/cocoapods...

Error output from CocoaPods:
↳
    Searching for inspections failed: undefined method `map' for nil:NilClass

Error running pod install
Error launching application on iPhone 13 Pro.

解决方案：可能是因为 M1 芯片的原因：

执行：sudo arch -x86_64 gem install ffi；
执行：arch -x86_64 pod install； // M1 芯片在 Cocoapods 执行 pod install 下载第三方库前面都需要添加arch -x86_64；

错误五：报错：
```
Could not build the application for the simulator.
Error launching application on iPhone 13 Pro.
```
解决方案：
1. 执行：flutter clean，重新运行项目，如果不行试试下一步；
2. 执行：flutter channel，查看您当前使用的flutter的分支；
  
  执行结果：
```
// 查看当前我的flutter处于stable(稳定)分支
Flutter channels:
  master
  dev
  beta
* stable
```
  官网上有一句话：我们强烈建议跟踪flutter的stable分支，这是Flutter稳定分支。如果你需要查看最新的变化，你可以跟踪master分支，但注意这是开发分支，所以稳定性要低得多。
3. 执行：flutter channel master或flutter channel beta，切换到官方master主分支或beta分支开发即可；

错误六：更新Flutter版本后报错：

/C:/src/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/flutter_math_fork-0.3.3/lib/src/widgets/selectable.dart:407:7: Error: The non-abstract class 'InternalSelectableMathState' is missing implementations for these members:

TextSelectionDelegate.copySelection
TextSelectionDelegate.cutSelection
TextSelectionDelegate.pasteText
TextSelectionDelegate.selectAll Try to either
provide an implementation,
inherit an implementation from a superclass or mixin,
mark the class as abstract, or
provide a 'noSuchMethod' implementation.
class InternalSelectableMathState extends State ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/packages/flutter/lib/src/services/text_input.dart:985:8: Context: 'TextSelectionDelegate.copySelection' is defined here. void copySelection(SelectionChangedCause cause); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/packages/flutter/lib/src/services/text_input.dart:965:8: Context: 'TextSelectionDelegate.cutSelection' is defined here. void cutSelection(SelectionChangedCause cause); ^^^^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/packages/flutter/lib/src/services/text_input.dart:973:16: Context: 'TextSelectionDelegate.pasteText' is defined here. Future pasteText(SelectionChangedCause cause); ^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/packages/flutter/lib/src/services/text_input.dart:979:8: Context: 'TextSelectionDelegate.selectAll' is defined here. void selectAll(SelectionChangedCause cause); ^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/flutter_datetime_picker-1.5.1/lib/flutter_datetime_picker.dart:311:32: Warning: Operand of null-aware operation '??' has type 'Color' which excludes null.

'Color' is from 'dart:ui'. color: theme.backgroundColor ?? Colors.white, ^ /C:/src/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/flutter_neumorphic-3.1.0/lib/src/widget/button.dart:200:14: Error: 'AnimatedScale' is imported from both 'package:flutter/src/widgets/implicit_animations.dart' and 'package:flutter_neumorphic/src/widget/animation/animated_scale.dart'. child: AnimatedScale( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ /C:/src/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/flutter_neumorphic-3.1.0/lib/src/widget/switch.dart:167:20: Error: 'AnimatedScale' is imported from both 'package:flutter/src/widgets/implicit_animations.dart' and 'package:flutter_neumorphic/src/widget/animation/animated_scale.dart'. child: AnimatedScale( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Script '/Users/hsh/Documents/code/flutter/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle' line: 1102

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:compileFlutterBuildDebug'.
> Process 'command '/Users/hsh/Documents/code/flutter/bin/flutter'' finished with non-zero exit value 1

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 29s
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

解决方案一：(亲测有效-Andy)

You need to upgrade your dependencies to fix this issue, so run:

flutter pub upgrade

解决方案二：

Solution: just add flutter_math_fork: ^0.5.0 to your dependencies in pubspec.yaml to force Flutter to use the newer version of the package.

错误七：定位问题：Android定位没有问题；iOS定位失败，获取不到位置信息：

解决办法：

NSLocationUsageDescription
用于定位使用
NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription
用于始终定位你的当前位置
NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription
用于定位您的当前位置

最好还要加上-这个必须要加上，不然定位还是会失败
NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription
用于定位您的当前位置

错误八：更新flutter，运行报错；

/Users/kris/Documents/WorkSpace/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/camera-0.8.1+7/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/camera/features/resolution/ResolutionFeature.java:135: 警告: [deprecation] CamcorderProfile中的get(int,int)已过时 return CamcorderProfile.get(cameraId, CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH); ^ /Users/kris/Documents/WorkSpace/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/camera-0.8.1+7/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/camera/features/resolution/ResolutionFeature.java:139: 警告: [deprecation] CamcorderProfile中的get(int,int)已过时 return CamcorderProfile.get(cameraId, CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_2160P); ^ /Users/kris/Documents/WorkSpace/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/camera-0.8.1+7/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/camera/features/resolution/ResolutionFeature.java:143: 警告: [deprecation] CamcorderProfile中的get(int,int)已过时 return CamcorderProfile.get(cameraId, CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_1080P); ^ /Users/kris/Documents/WorkSpace/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/camera-

解决办法：

更新第三方库camera的版本号，在pubspec.yaml里面配置；
执行flutter pub upgrade更新版本库；

错误九：更新Flutter报错：CamcorderProfile deprecated in Android API level 31；

解决办法：

更新compileSdkVersion和targetSdkVersion版本号，路径在android/app/build.gradle：


android {

// 重点是要更新这个
compileSdkVersion 31

sourceSets {
    main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
}
...
...
...


defaultConfig {
    // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
    applicationId "com.yphsh.nrp.koc"
    minSdkVersion 21
    targetSdkVersion 31
    versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
    versionName flutterVersionName
    ndk {
        abiFilters 'armeabi', 'armeabi-v7a', 'x86', 'x86_64', 'mips', 'mips64', 'arm64-v8a'
    }

错误十：模拟器运行报错：

Uld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
note: Using new build system
note: Planning
note: Build preparation complete
note: Building targets in dependency order

解决办法一：

可能是该静态库不支持在模拟器下编译,可使用真机或Generic iOS Device,一般就不会出现这个错误了;

解决办法二：

在Build Phases-->Compile Sources(items)中,添加报错的.m文件,点左下角的"+",在弹出框中找到报错的.m文件,选中,add

解决办法三：

在自制的MYPayBucket.framework中，TARGET--》BuildSetting--》Valid Architectures中添加x86_64;如下图所示。
具体原因，真机arm格式，模拟器x87格式，所以MYPayBucket.framework不支持。添加x86_64格式就行。

11. 错误十一： `Android Studio`升级后，执行`flutter doctor`报错：

```
Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
The operation couldn’t be completed. Unable to locate a Java Runtime.
Please visit http://www.java.com for information on installing Java.
The operation couldn’t be completed. Unable to locate a Java Runtime.
Please visit http://www.java.com for information on installing Java.
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 2.10.2, on macOS 13.2.1 22D68 darwin-arm, locale zh-Hans-MY)
[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 33.0.0)
    ✗ Could not determine java version
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.2)
[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
[!] Android Studio (version 2022.1)
    ✗ Unable to find bundled Java version.
[✓] IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition (version 2022.2.2)
[✓] VS Code (version 1.75.1)
[✓] Connected device (1 available)
[!] HTTP Host Availability
    ✗ HTTP host https://maven.google.com/ is not reachable. Reason: An error occurred while checking the HTTP host: Operation timed out

! Doctor found issues in 3 categories.

```

解决办法一：

1. 在`应用程序`中找到`Android Studio`；
2. 右键，选择`显示包内容`；
3. 打开`Contents`；
4. 新建`jre`文件夹；
5. 复制`jar`文件夹下的`Contents`文件夹到新建的`jre`文件夹；


解决方法二：建一个软链

1. 打开终端；
2. 执行：`ln -s /Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jbr /Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre`

Flutter 使用总结

Flutter 使用总结

Flutter 安装

Flutter 语法

常见错误

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