十五、副词

副词 (adv.)

定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，主要扮演状语，还扮演补语、表语、定语角色，同时引导特殊疑问句和从句。

从三个维度描述副词的知识架构：副词组成、功能、情景变形(比较级/最高级)

1. 副词成员：
   • 第一类 表肯定：yes,surely,certainly,definitely,positively 表否定：not,no,never,hardly,rarely,negatively,scarcely
   • 原因或引导副词：因此(accordingly,hence,thus),therefore,for,as,because,since,
   • 程度副词：absolutely,completely,almost,nearly,very,badly,strongly,much,far,too,even,partly,maybe,perhaps,properly,a bit
   • 方式副词：同样地(likewise,similarly),也(also,too,so,either,neither,as well),替代(instead of),否则(elsewise,otherwise,differently,dissimilarly，diversely,variously)
   • 时间副词：firstly,originally,before,ever,last,just now,timely,next,yet,soon,twice,always,often,usually,frequently
   • 空间副词：up,down,forwards,backwards,in,out,around,here,there,by,about,left,right,above
   • 疑问副词：when,where,why,how,wherever,how much,how many,however
   • 结果副词：as a result,consequently(最终),and then(后来),thus(因此，于是)
2. 副词功能：
   • 做状语：he runs very fast
   • 做补语：he made him out
   • 做表语：he is out
   • 做定语(必须后置,仅限表空间和时间)：the people there
   • 引导特殊疑问句：where will you go?
   • 引导从句：\
3. 情景变形：
   • 规则变形
     1. 加后缀er/est 如：soon--sooner--soonest
     2. 双音节以上词或以ly结尾 ，在前加more he most 如：more heavily--most heavily
   • 不规则变形
     • well--better--best
     • badly--worse--worst

     • little--less--least

       
       
       副词.jpg