什么是中断
一个线程不应该由其他线程来强制中断或停止,而是应该由线程自己自行停止。所以,Thread.stop、Thread.suspend、Thread. resume都已经被废弃了。
在Java中没有办法立即停止一条线程,然而停止线程却显得尤为重要,如取消一个耗时操作。
因此,Java提供了一种用于停止线程的机制即中断。中断只是一种协作机制,Java没有给中断增加任何语法,中断的实现完全需要程序员自己实现。
1、每个线程对象中都有一个标识,用于标识线程是否被中断;该标识位为true表示中断,为false表示未中断;若要中断协商一个线程,你需要手动调用该线程的interrupt方法,该方法也仅仅是
将线程对象的中断标识设为true。
2、interrupt可以在别的线程中调用,也可以在自己的线程中调用
interrupt
线程t1线程t2,当线程t2调用t1.interrupt()时
中断协商:如果t1线程处于正常活动状态,当线程t2调用t1.interrupt()时,那么会将t1线程的中断标志设置为true,仅此而已。t1线程将继续正常运行不受影响
isInterrupted
通过检查中断标志位判断当前线程是否被中断
●若中断标志为true,则isInterrupted返回true
●若中断标志为false,则isInterrupted返回false
静态方法interrupted
判断线程是否被中断,并清除当前中断状态,这个方法做了两件事:
●返回当前线程的中断状态
●将当前线程的中断状态重置即设为false
假设有两个线程A、B,线程B调用了interrupt方法。
后面如果我们连接调用两次interrupted方法,第一次会返回true,然后这个方法会将中断标识位设置位false,
所以第二次调用interrupted将返回false
volatile
static volatile boolean isStop = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (isStop) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t isStop被修改为true,程序停止");
break;
}
System.out.println("t1 -----hello volatile");
}
}, "t1").start();
//暂停毫秒
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
isStop = true;
}, "t2").start();
}
AtomicBoolean
static AtomicBoolean atomicBoolean = new AtomicBoolean(false);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (atomicBoolean.get()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t atomicBoolean被修改为true,程序停止");
break;
}
System.out.println("t1 -----hello atomicBoolean");
}
}, "t1").start();
//暂停毫秒
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Thread(() -> {
atomicBoolean.set(true);
}, "t2").start();
}
interrupt+isInterrupted
static volatile boolean isStop = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t isInterrupted()被修改为true,程序停止");
break;
}
System.out.println("t1 -----hello interrupt api");
}
}, "t1");
t1.start();
System.out.println("-----t1的默认中断标志位:" + t1.isInterrupted());
//暂停毫秒
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//t2向t1发出协商,将t1的中断标志位设为true希望t1停下来
new Thread(() -> {
t1.interrupt();
}, "t2").start();
//t1.interrupt();,t1也可以自己给自己协商
}
线程等待与唤醒的方式演进:
LockSupport是用来创建锁和其他同步类的基本线程阻塞原语。LockSupport类使用了一种名为Permit(许可)的概念来做到阻塞和唤醒线程的功能,每个线程都有一个许可(permit),permit只有两个值1和零,默认是零。可以把许可看成是一种(0,1)信号量(Semaphore),但与Semaphore不同的是,许可的累加上限是1
阻塞方法park:
①. permit默认是0,所以一开始调用park()方法,当前线程就会阻塞,直到别的线程将当前线程的permit设置为1时, park方法会被唤醒,然后会将permit再次设置为0并返回
②. static void park( ):底层是unsafe类native方法
唤醒方法unpark:
①. 调用unpark(thread)方法后,就会将thread线程的许可permit设置成1(注意多次调用unpark方法,不会累加,permit值上限是1)会自动唤醒thread线程,即之前阻塞中的LockSupport.park()方法失效
②. static void unpark( ):底层是unsafe类native方法
LockSupport它的解决的痛点:
①. LockSupport不用持有锁块,在代码书写方面不用加锁
②. 唤醒与阻塞的先后顺序,即使先调用唤醒再调用阻塞也不会导致程序卡死报异常,因为unpark获得了一个凭证,之后再调用park方法,就可以名正言顺的依据凭证消费
demo
public class LockSupportDemo {
static int x = 0;
static int y = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ----come in" + System.currentTimeMillis());
LockSupport.park();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ----被唤醒" + System.currentTimeMillis());
}, "t1");
t1.start();
//暂停几秒钟线程
//try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
new Thread(() -> {
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t ----发出通知");
}, "t2").start();
}
}
synchronized
public class ProductorAndConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Market market = new Market();
Productor productor = new Productor(market);
Consumer consumer = new Consumer(market);
new Thread(productor, "生产者A").start();
new Thread(consumer, "消费者B").start();
new Thread(productor, "生产者C").start();
new Thread(consumer, "消费者D").start();
}
}
//商店
class Market {
//某件商品数量,最开始为0
private int product = 0;
//进货方法,在多线程环境下,如果不加锁会产生线程安全问题,这里加synchronized锁
public synchronized void get() {
//限定商店容量为10
while (product > 10) {
System.out.println("仓库已满!");
//当仓库已满,需要停止生产
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进货成功!-->" + ++product);
//当进货成功,就需要唤醒
this.notifyAll();
}
//出售方法
public synchronized void sale() {
while (product <= 0) {
System.out.println("已售罄!");
//售罄之后需要停止去生产
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "出售成功-->" + --product);
//出售成功之后需要生产
this.notifyAll();
}
}
//生产者,生产者不可能只有一个,所以是多线程的
class Productor implements Runnable {
private Market market;
public Productor(Market market) {
this.market = market;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//一次买15个
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
market.get();
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Market market;
public Consumer() {
}
public Consumer(Market market) {
this.market = market;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//一次买10个
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
market.sale();
}
}
}
Lock
/*
* 使用Lock代替Synchronized来实现新版的生产者和消费者模式 !
* */
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class ThreadWaitNotifyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AirCondition airCondition = new AirCondition();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) airCondition.decrement();
}, "线程A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) airCondition.increment();
}, "线程B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) airCondition.decrement();
}, "线程C").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) airCondition.increment();
}, "线程D").start();
}
}
class AirCondition {
private int number = 0;
//定义Lock锁对象
final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
//生产者,如果number=0就 number++
public void increment() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1.判断
while (number != 0) {
try {
condition.await();//this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//2.干活
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":\t" + number);
//3.唤醒
condition.signalAll();//this.notifyAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
//消费者,如果number=1,就 number--
public void decrement() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1.判断
while (number == 0) {
try {
condition.await();//this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//2.干活
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":\t" + number);
//3.唤醒
condition.signalAll();//this.notifyAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Lock带顺序的生产者与消费者
/*
多个线程之间按顺序调用,实现A->B->C
三个线程启动,要求如下:
AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
接着
AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
....来10轮
* */
public class ThreadOrderAccess {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) shareResource.print5();
}, "线程A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) shareResource.print10();
}, "线程B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) shareResource.print15();
}, "线程C").start();
}
}
class ShareResource {
//设置一个标识,如果是number=1,线程A执行...
private int number = 1;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1.判断
while (number != 1) {
condition1.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":\t" + i);
}
//3.唤醒
number = 2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1.判断
while (number != 2) {
condition2.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":\t" + i);
}
//3.唤醒
number = 3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1.判断
while (number != 3) {
condition3.await();
}
//2.干活
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":\t" + i);
}
//3.唤醒
number = 1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}