libdispatch.dylib
源码地址https://opensource.apple.com/release/macos-1015.html
队列创建
- 在源码中搜索
dispatch_queue_create
dispatch_queue_t
dispatch_queue_create(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t attr)
{
return _dispatch_lane_create_with_target(label, attr, DISPATCH_TARGET_QUEUE_DEFAULT, true);
}
- 搜索
_dispatch_lane_create_with_target(
并进入
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static dispatch_queue_t
_dispatch_lane_create_with_target(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t dqa,
dispatch_queue_t tq, bool legacy)
{
if (!slowpath(dqa)) { // 如果是串行队列
dqa = _dispatch_get_default_queue_attr(); // 串行队列的attr 取默认attr
} else if (dqa->do_vtable != DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_attr)) { // 并行队列的 attr->do_vtable 应该等于 DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_attr)
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(dqa->do_vtable, "Invalid queue attribute");
}
// dqai 创建 -
dispatch_queue_attr_info_t dqai = _dispatch_queue_attr_to_info(dqa);
//第一步:规范化参数,例如qos, overcommit, tq
// dispatch_qos_t qos是优先级?
dispatch_qos_t qos = _dispatch_priority_qos(dqa->dqa_qos_and_relpri);
// 是否overcommit(即queue创建的线程数是否允许超过实际的CPU个数)
_dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_t overcommit = dqa->dqa_overcommit;
if (overcommit != _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified && tq) { //
if (tq->do_targetq) { // overcommit 的queue 必须是全局的
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(tq, "Cannot specify both overcommit and "
"a non-global target queue");
}
}
// 下面这些代码,因为用户创建的queue的tq一定为NULL,因此,只要关注tq == NULL的分支即可,我们删除了其余分支
if (!tq) { // 自己创建的queue,tq都是null
tq = _dispatch_get_root_queue( // 在root queue里面去取一个合适的queue当做target queue
qos == DISPATCH_QOS_UNSPECIFIED ? DISPATCH_QOS_DEFAULT : qos, // 无论是用户创建的串行还是并行队列,其qos都没有指定,因此,qos这里都取DISPATCH_QOS_DEFAULT
overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled);
if (slowpath(!tq)) { // 如果根据create queue是传入的属性无法获取到对应的tq,crash
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(qos, "Invalid queue attribute");
}
}
...
//拼接队列名称
// 根据不同的queue类型,设置vtable。vtable实现了SERIAL queue 和 CONCURRENT queue的行为差异。
const void *vtable;
dispatch_queue_flags_t dqf = legacy ? DQF_MUTABLE : 0;
if (dqai.dqai_concurrent) { // 并发
// OS_dispatch_queue_concurrent
vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_concurrent);
} else {// 串行
vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_serial);
}
....
//创建队列,并初始化
dispatch_lane_t dq = _dispatch_object_alloc(vtable,
sizeof(struct dispatch_lane_s)); // alloc
//根据dqai.dqai_concurrent的值,就能判断队列 是 串行 还是并发,对于并发队列,其queue width是DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_MAX,而串行队列其width是1
_dispatch_queue_init(dq, dqf, dqai.dqai_concurrent ?
DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_MAX : 1, DISPATCH_QUEUE_ROLE_INNER |
(dqai.dqai_inactive ? DISPATCH_QUEUE_INACTIVE : 0)); // init
//设置队列label标识符
dq->dq_label = label;//设置dq的名字
dq->dq_priority = _dispatch_priority_make((dispatch_qos_t)dqai.dqai_qos, dqai.dqai_relpri);//优先级处理
...
//类似于类与元类的绑定,不是直接的继承关系,而是类似于模型与模板的关系
dq->do_targetq = tq;
_dispatch_object_debug(dq, "%s", __func__);
return _dispatch_trace_queue_create(dq)._dq;//研究dq
}
_dispatch_lane_create_with_target源码分析
-【第一步】_dispatch_queue_attr_to_info
方法传入daq(队列类型)
创建_dispatch_queue_attr_to_info_t
类型的对象dqai
,用于存储队列的相关属性信息
-【第二步】设置队列的相关属性
,例如服务质量qos
、是否overcommit
(队列创建的线程数是否允许超过实际的CPU个数
)、tq
(自己创建的队列tq一定为NULL
)
-【第三步】DISPATCH_VTABLE
宏定义拼接队列名字,OS_dispatch_
+队列类型
=队列名字
- 串行队列:OS_dispatch_queue_serial
- 并发队列:OS_dispatch_queue_concurrent
#define DISPATCH_VTABLE(name) DISPATCH_OBJC_CLASS(name)
#define DISPATCH_OBJC_CLASS(name) (&DISPATCH_CLASS_SYMBOL(name))
#define DISPATCH_CLASS(name) OS_dispatch_##name
-【第四步】初始化队列dq
(alloc init),dqai.dqai_concurrent
可以判断队列类型,DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_MAX==并发,1==串行
- 进入_dispatch_object_alloc -> _os_object_alloc_realized
方法中,发现里面设置了isa
指向,说明了队列是对象
- 进入
_dispatch_queue_init
方法,初始化队列相关属性
-【第五步】通过_dispatch_trace_queue_create
处理创建好的dq
队列
- 进入
_dispatch_introspection_queue_create_hook -> dispatch_introspection_queue_get_info -> _dispatch_introspection_lane_get_info
方法,实现了一个模板队列
总结
-
dispatch_queue_create
中队列类型决定了下层dq_width
的值(max=并发,1=串行
) -
队列queue
是对象
,通过alloc+init创建,在alloc中有个class(宏定义)
指定isa的指向
-
队列
在底层是通过模板创建的,类型是结构体dispatch_introspection_queue_s
异步函数
进入dispatch_async
的源码实现
-
_dispatch_continuation_init
:任务包装函数 -
_dispatch_continuation_async
:并发处理函数
dispatch_async(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work)//work 任务
{
dispatch_continuation_t dc = _dispatch_continuation_alloc();
uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_CONSUME;
dispatch_qos_t qos;
// 任务包装器(work在这里才有使用) - 接受work - 保存work - 并函数式编程
// 保存 block
qos = _dispatch_continuation_init(dc, dq, work, 0, dc_flags);
//并发处理
_dispatch_continuation_async(dq, dc, qos, dc->dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_continuation_init任务包装
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline dispatch_qos_t
_dispatch_continuation_init(dispatch_continuation_t dc,
dispatch_queue_class_t dqu, dispatch_block_t work,
dispatch_block_flags_t flags, uintptr_t dc_flags)
{
void *ctxt = _dispatch_Block_copy(work);//拷贝任务
dc_flags |= DC_FLAG_BLOCK | DC_FLAG_ALLOCATED;
if (unlikely(_dispatch_block_has_private_data(work))) {
dc->dc_flags = dc_flags;
dc->dc_ctxt = ctxt;//赋值
// will initialize all fields but requires dc_flags & dc_ctxt to be set
return _dispatch_continuation_init_slow(dc, dqu, flags);
}
dispatch_function_t func = _dispatch_Block_invoke(work);//封装work - 异步回调
if (dc_flags & DC_FLAG_CONSUME) {
func = _dispatch_call_block_and_release;//回调函数赋值 - 同步回调
}
return _dispatch_continuation_init_f(dc, dqu, ctxt, func, flags, dc_flags);
}
- 通过
_dispatch_Block_copy
拷贝任务 - 通过
_dispatch_Block_invoke
封装任务,是一个异步回调函数 - 如果是
同步
,则回调函数赋值为_dispatch_call_block_and_release
- 通过
_dispatch_continuation_init_f
方法赋值,将func任务
保存在属性中
_dispatch_continuation_async并发处理
主要是执行block回调
,进入_dispatch_continuation_async
源码
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_continuation_async(dispatch_queue_class_t dqu,
dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_qos_t qos, uintptr_t dc_flags)
{
#if DISPATCH_INTROSPECTION
if (!(dc_flags & DC_FLAG_NO_INTROSPECTION)) {
_dispatch_trace_item_push(dqu, dc);//跟踪日志
}
#else
(void)dc_flags;
#endif
return dx_push(dqu._dq, dc, qos);//与dx_invoke一样,都是宏
}
- 关键代码
dx_push
是个宏
#define dx_push(x, y, z) dx_vtable(x)->dq_push(x, y, z)
-
dx_push
根据队列类型执行不同的函数
-
进入
_dispatch_root_queue_push -> _dispatch_root_queue_push_inline ->_dispatch_root_queue_poke -> _dispatch_root_queue_poke_slow
源码,- 通过
_dispatch_root_queues_init
注册回调 - 使用
pthread_create
方法通过do-while
循环创建线程
- 通过
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static void
_dispatch_root_queue_poke_slow(dispatch_queue_global_t dq, int n, int floor)
{
int remaining = n;
int r = ENOSYS;
_dispatch_root_queues_init();//重点
...
//do-while循环创建线程
do {
_dispatch_retain(dq); // released in _dispatch_worker_thread
while ((r = pthread_create(pthr, attr, _dispatch_worker_thread, dq))) {
if (r != EAGAIN) {
(void)dispatch_assume_zero(r);
}
_dispatch_temporary_resource_shortage();
}
} while (--remaining);
...
}
_dispatch_root_queues_init
通过dispatch_once_f
单例实现
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_root_queues_init(void)
{
dispatch_once_f(&_dispatch_root_queues_pred, NULL, _dispatch_root_queues_init_once);
}
-
进入
_dispatch_root_queues_init_once
源码,发现内部不同事物的调用句柄都是_dispatch_worker_thread2
-
block的回调执行路径是
_dispatch_root_queues_init_once ->_dispatch_worker_thread2 -> _dispatch_root_queue_drain -> _dispatch_root_queue_drain -> _dispatch_continuation_pop_inline -> _dispatch_continuation_invoke_inline -> _dispatch_client_callout -> dispatch_call_block_and_release
,可以通过bt
打印堆栈信息,
总结
- 将异步任务拷贝并封装后,设置回调函数
func
- 通过
dx_push递归
,重定向到跟队列
,通过pthread_creat
方法do-while
循环创建线程,通过dx_invoke
执行回调,dx_push
和dx_invoke
是一一对应的
同步函数
进入dispatch_sync
源码,发现底层是通过栅栏函数
实现的
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
void
dispatch_sync(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work)
{
uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_BLOCK;
if (unlikely(_dispatch_block_has_private_data(work))) {
return _dispatch_sync_block_with_privdata(dq, work, dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_sync_f(dq, work, _dispatch_Block_invoke(work), dc_flags);
}
-
进入
_dispatch_sync_f
源码
-
进入
_dispatch_sync_f_inline
源码,dq->dq_width == 1
表示串行队列
- 栅栏函数
_dispatch_barrier_sync_f
, - 死锁
_dispatch_sync_f_slow
,如果存在相互等待的情况下会死锁
- 栅栏函数
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_sync_f_inline(dispatch_queue_t dq, void *ctxt,
dispatch_function_t func, uintptr_t dc_flags)
{
if (likely(dq->dq_width == 1)) {//表示是串行队列
return _dispatch_barrier_sync_f(dq, ctxt, func, dc_flags);//栅栏
}
if (unlikely(dx_metatype(dq) != _DISPATCH_LANE_TYPE)) {
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(0, "Queue type doesn't support dispatch_sync");
}
dispatch_lane_t dl = upcast(dq)._dl;
// Global concurrent queues and queues bound to non-dispatch threads
// always fall into the slow case, see DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_STATE_INIT_VALUE
if (unlikely(!_dispatch_queue_try_reserve_sync_width(dl))) {
return _dispatch_sync_f_slow(dl, ctxt, func, 0, dl, dc_flags);//死锁
}
if (unlikely(dq->do_targetq->do_targetq)) {
return _dispatch_sync_recurse(dl, ctxt, func, dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_introspection_sync_begin(dl);//处理当前信息
_dispatch_sync_invoke_and_complete(dl, ctxt, func DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(
_dispatch_trace_item_sync_push_pop(dq, ctxt, func, dc_flags)));//block执行并释放
}
_dispatch_sync_f_slow死锁
-
进入
_dispatch_sync_f_slow
,当前主队列
是挂起、阻塞
-
向队列中添加任务,push加入主队列,
_dispatch_trace_item_push
-
进入
__DISPATCH_WAIT_FOR_QUEUE__
,判断dqu.dq是否为正在等待的主队列,然后将dq的状态和当前任务依赖的队列进行匹配
进入
_dq_state_drain_locked_by -> _dispatch_lock_is_locked_by
源码,如果当前等待的队列和正在执行任务的是同一个队列,即线程ID是否相同,如果相同会造成死锁
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline bool
_dispatch_lock_is_locked_by(dispatch_lock lock_value, dispatch_tid tid)
{
// equivalent to _dispatch_lock_owner(lock_value) == tid
//异或操作:相同为0,不同为1,如果相同,则为0,0 &任何数都为0
//即判断 当前要等待的任务 和 正在执行的任务是否一样,通俗的解释就是 执行和等待的是否在同一队列
return ((lock_value ^ tid) & DLOCK_OWNER_MASK) == 0;
}
总结
- 同步函数底层实现是
同步栅栏函数
- 如果
正在执行任务的队列和等待的是同一个队列
,会造成相互等待
的局面,形成死锁
单例
进入dispatch_once
源码实现,发现底层是通过dispatch_once_f
实现的
// val -- 静态变量,由于不同位置定义的静态变量是不同的,所以静态变量具有唯一性
//block -- block回调
void
dispatch_once(dispatch_once_t *val, dispatch_block_t block)
{
dispatch_once_f(val, block, _dispatch_Block_invoke(block));
}
- 进入
dispatch_once_f
源码,其中的val
是外界传入的onceToken
静态变量,func
是_dispatch_Block_invoke(block)
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
void
dispatch_once_f(dispatch_once_t *val, void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t func)
{
//静态变量
dispatch_once_gate_t l = (dispatch_once_gate_t)val;
//os_atomic_load获取当前任务的标识符
#if !DISPATCH_ONCE_INLINE_FASTPATH || DISPATCH_ONCE_USE_QUIESCENT_COUNTER
uintptr_t v = os_atomic_load(&l->dgo_once, acquire);//原子属性关联
if (likely(v == DLOCK_ONCE_DONE)) {//已经执行过了,直接返回
return;
}
#if DISPATCH_ONCE_USE_QUIESCENT_COUNTER
if (likely(DISPATCH_ONCE_IS_GEN(v))) {
//任务执行后,加锁失败,重新存储,将标识符== DLOCK_ONCE_DONE
return _dispatch_once_mark_done_if_quiesced(l, v);
}
#endif
#endif
if (_dispatch_once_gate_tryenter(l)) {
//尝试进入任务,解锁,执行block回调
return _dispatch_once_callout(l, ctxt, func);
}
//如果此时有任务1正在执行,再次进来一个任务2,则`任务2`进入无限次等待
return _dispatch_once_wait(l);
}
_dispatch_once_gate_tryenter解锁
底层通过os_atomic_cmpxchg
方法进行标识符
对比,如果对比没问题进行解锁
,即任务的标识符置为DLOCK_ONCE_UNLOCKED
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline bool
_dispatch_once_gate_tryenter(dispatch_once_gate_t l)
{
return os_atomic_cmpxchg(&l->dgo_once, DLOCK_ONCE_UNLOCKED,
(uintptr_t)_dispatch_lock_value_for_self(), relaxed);//首先对比,然后进行改变
}
_dispatch_once_callout 回调
进入_dispatch_once_callout
源码
- 【第一步】
_dispatch_client_callout
:block回调 - 【第二步】
_dispatch_once_gate_broadcast
:广播
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static void
_dispatch_once_callout(dispatch_once_gate_t l, void *ctxt,
dispatch_function_t func)
{
_dispatch_client_callout(ctxt, func);//block调用执行
_dispatch_once_gate_broadcast(l);//进行广播:告诉别人有了归属,不要找我了
}
- 进入
_dispatch_client_callout
源码,其中f
==_dispatch_Block_invoke(block)
,即异步回调
#undef _dispatch_client_callout
void
_dispatch_client_callout(void *ctxt, dispatch_function_t f)
{
@try {
return f(ctxt);
}
@catch (...) {
objc_terminate();
}
}
- 进入
_dispatch_once_gate_broadcast -> _dispatch_once_mark_done
,将任务的标识为DLOCK_ONCE_DONE
,即加锁
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline uintptr_t
_dispatch_once_mark_done(dispatch_once_gate_t dgo)
{
//如果不相同,直接改为相同,然后上锁 -- DLOCK_ONCE_DONE
return os_atomic_xchg(&dgo->dgo_once, DLOCK_ONCE_DONE, release);
}
总结
【只执行一次的原理】:GCD单例中有两个参数
onceToken 、block
,其中onceToken
是静态变量,具有唯一性,在底层封装成dispatch_once_gate_t
类型的变量l
,变量l
主要是用来获取底层原子属性关联
,即变量v
,通过变量v
来查询任务状态,如果变量v == DLOCK_ONCE_DONE
,说明任务已经处理了,直接return【block调用时机】:如果任务没有被执行,底层会通过C++函数的比较,任务状态置为
DLOCK_ONCE_UNLOCK
,确保当前任务执行的唯一性
,之后进行block回调
,将任务置状态为DLOCK_ONCE_DONE
,确保下次进来不会执行【多线程影响】:如果在当前任务执行期间,有其他任务进来,会进入
无限次等待
,原因是当前任务已经获取了锁,进行了加锁
,其他任务是无法获取锁的
栅栏函数
-
控制任务执行顺序
,可以让其同步执行 只能控制同一并发队列,只会阻塞一次
-
同步栅栏
添加进队列时,当前线程会被加锁
,直到同步栅栏之前的任务和同步栅栏本身的任务都执行完毕,当前线程才会解锁 -
只有使用自定义队列才有意义
,如果使用串行队列
或者全局并发队列
,这个栅栏函数的作用==同步函数
,没有任何意义,还会耗费更多性能 -
dispatch_barrier_sync 同步栅栏函数
:阻塞线程
,影响主线程任务执行 -
dispatch_barrier_async 异步栅栏函数
:阻塞的是队列且必须是自定义的并发队列
,不影响主线程任务的执行
异步栅栏函数 底层分析
进入dispatch_barrier_async
源码,发现底层和dispatch_async
类似
#ifdef __BLOCKS__
void
dispatch_barrier_async(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work)
{
dispatch_continuation_t dc = _dispatch_continuation_alloc();
uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_CONSUME | DC_FLAG_BARRIER;
dispatch_qos_t qos;
qos = _dispatch_continuation_init(dc, dq, work, 0, dc_flags);
_dispatch_continuation_async(dq, dc, qos, dc_flags);
}
#endif
同步栅栏函数 底层分析
进入dispatch_barrier_sync
源码
void
dispatch_barrier_sync(dispatch_queue_t dq, dispatch_block_t work)
{
uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_BARRIER | DC_FLAG_BLOCK;
if (unlikely(_dispatch_block_has_private_data(work))) {
return _dispatch_sync_block_with_privdata(dq, work, dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_barrier_sync_f(dq, work, _dispatch_Block_invoke(work), dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_barrier_sync_f_inline
进入_dispatch_barrier_sync_f --> _dispatch_barrier_sync_f_inline
源码
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_barrier_sync_f_inline(dispatch_queue_t dq, void *ctxt,
dispatch_function_t func, uintptr_t dc_flags)
{
dispatch_tid tid = _dispatch_tid_self();//获取线程的id,即线程的唯一标识
...
//判断线程状态,需不需要等待,是否回收
if (unlikely(!_dispatch_queue_try_acquire_barrier_sync(dl, tid))) {//栅栏函数也会死锁
return _dispatch_sync_f_slow(dl, ctxt, func, DC_FLAG_BARRIER, dl,//没有回收
DC_FLAG_BARRIER | dc_flags);
}
//验证target是否存在,如果存在,加入栅栏函数的递归查找 是否等待
if (unlikely(dl->do_targetq->do_targetq)) {
return _dispatch_sync_recurse(dl, ctxt, func,
DC_FLAG_BARRIER | dc_flags);
}
_dispatch_introspection_sync_begin(dl);
_dispatch_lane_barrier_sync_invoke_and_complete(dl, ctxt, func
DISPATCH_TRACE_ARG(_dispatch_trace_item_sync_push_pop(
dq, ctxt, func, dc_flags | DC_FLAG_BARRIER)));//执行
}
主要分为以下几步
通过
_dispatch_tid_self 获取线程ID
-
通过
_dispatch_queue_try_acquire_barrier_sync
判断线程状态
- 进入
_dispatch_queue_try_acquire_barrier_sync_and_suspend
源码,在这里释放
- 进入
通过
_dispatch_sync_recurse
递归查找栅栏函数的target通过
_dispatch_introspection_sync_begin
向前信息进行处理-
通过
_dispatch_lane_barrier_sync_invoke_and_complete
执行block并释放
信号量
-
使任务同步执行
,类似互斥锁
- 控制GCD最大并发数
dispatch_semaphore_create 创建
初始化信号量,设置GCD最大并发数且最大并发数必须大于0
dispatch_semaphore_t
dispatch_semaphore_create(long value)
{
dispatch_semaphore_t dsema;
// If the internal value is negative, then the absolute of the value is
// equal to the number of waiting threads. Therefore it is bogus to
// initialize the semaphore with a negative value.
if (value < 0) {
return DISPATCH_BAD_INPUT;
}
dsema = _dispatch_object_alloc(DISPATCH_VTABLE(semaphore),
sizeof(struct dispatch_semaphore_s));
dsema->do_next = DISPATCH_OBJECT_LISTLESS;
dsema->do_targetq = _dispatch_get_default_queue(false);
dsema->dsema_value = value;
_dispatch_sema4_init(&dsema->dsema_sema, _DSEMA4_POLICY_FIFO);
dsema->dsema_orig = value;
return dsema;
}
dispatch_semaphore_wait 加锁
主要作用是对信号量dsema
通过os_atomic_dec2o
进行--
操作,内部执行C++函数atomic_fetch_sub_explicit
- value >= 0,
执行成功
- value == LONG_MIN,系统
抛出crash
- value < 0,进入
长等待
long
dispatch_semaphore_wait(dispatch_semaphore_t dsema, dispatch_time_t timeout)
{
// dsema_value 进行 -- 操作
long value = os_atomic_dec2o(dsema, dsema_value, acquire);
if (likely(value >= 0)) {//表示执行操作无效,即执行成功
return 0;
}
return _dispatch_semaphore_wait_slow(dsema, timeout);//长等待
}
- 进入
_dispatch_semaphore_wait_slow
源码,当value<0时,更加等待事件timeout做出不同操作
dispatch_semaphore_signal解锁
通过os_atomic_inc2o
函数对value
进行了++
操作,os_atomic_inc2o内部是通过C++的atomic_fetch_add_explicit
- value > 0,
执行成功
- value == 0,进入
长等待
long
dispatch_semaphore_signal(dispatch_semaphore_t dsema)
{
//signal 对 value是 ++
long value = os_atomic_inc2o(dsema, dsema_value, release);
if (likely(value > 0)) {//返回0,表示当前的执行操作无效,相当于执行成功
return 0;
}
if (unlikely(value == LONG_MIN)) {
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(value,
"Unbalanced call to dispatch_semaphore_signal()");
}
return _dispatch_semaphore_signal_slow(dsema);//进入长等待
}
总结
-
dispatch_semaphore_create
初始化信号量,设置最大并发数 -
dispatch_semaphore_wait
对信号量value--,加锁 -
dispatch_semaphore_signal
对信号量value++,解锁
调度组
- 控制任务执行顺序
dispatch_group_create 创建组
dispatch_group_async 进组任务
dispatch_group_notify 进组任务执行完毕通知 dispatch_group_wait 进组任务执行等待时间
//进组和出组一般是成对使用的
dispatch_group_enter 进组
dispatch_group_leave 出组
dispatch_group_create 创建组
- 进入
dispatch_group_create
源码
dispatch_group_t
dispatch_group_create(void)
{
return _dispatch_group_create_with_count(0);
}
- 进入
_dispatch_group_create_with_count
源码,对group对象属性赋值,并返回group
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline dispatch_group_t
_dispatch_group_create_with_count(uint32_t n)
{
//创建group对象,类型为OS_dispatch_group
dispatch_group_t dg = _dispatch_object_alloc(DISPATCH_VTABLE(group),
sizeof(struct dispatch_group_s));
//group对象赋值
dg->do_next = DISPATCH_OBJECT_LISTLESS;
dg->do_targetq = _dispatch_get_default_queue(false);
if (n) {
os_atomic_store2o(dg, dg_bits,
(uint32_t)-n * DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_INTERVAL, relaxed);
os_atomic_store2o(dg, do_ref_cnt, 1, relaxed); //
}
return dg;
}
dispatch_group_enter 进组
进入dispatch_group_enter
源码,通过os_atomic_sub_orig2o
对dg->dg.bits
作 --
操作,对数值进行处理
void
dispatch_group_enter(dispatch_group_t dg)
{
// The value is decremented on a 32bits wide atomic so that the carry
// for the 0 -> -1 transition is not propagated to the upper 32bits.
uint32_t old_bits = os_atomic_sub_orig2o(dg, dg_bits,//原子递减 0 -> -1
DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_INTERVAL, acquire);
uint32_t old_value = old_bits & DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_MASK;
if (unlikely(old_value == 0)) {//如果old_value
_dispatch_retain(dg); //
}
if (unlikely(old_value == DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_MAX)) {//到达临界值,会报crash
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(old_bits,
"Too many nested calls to dispatch_group_enter()");
}
}
dispatch_group_leave 出组
进入dispatch_group_leave
源码,通过os_atomic_add_orig2o
对dg-> dg_state 作 `++操作
- -1到0,
++
- 根据状态,do_while循环,唤醒block执行任务
- 如果0 + 1 = 1,enter-leave不平衡,即leave多次调用,会crash
void
dispatch_group_leave(dispatch_group_t dg)
{
// The value is incremented on a 64bits wide atomic so that the carry for
// the -1 -> 0 transition increments the generation atomically.
uint64_t new_state, old_state = os_atomic_add_orig2o(dg, dg_state,//原子递增 ++
DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_INTERVAL, release);
uint32_t old_value = (uint32_t)(old_state & DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_MASK);
//根据状态,唤醒
if (unlikely(old_value == DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_1)) {
old_state += DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_INTERVAL;
do {
new_state = old_state;
if ((old_state & DISPATCH_GROUP_VALUE_MASK) == 0) {
new_state &= ~DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_WAITERS;
new_state &= ~DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_NOTIFS;
} else {
// If the group was entered again since the atomic_add above,
// we can't clear the waiters bit anymore as we don't know for
// which generation the waiters are for
new_state &= ~DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_NOTIFS;
}
if (old_state == new_state) break;
} while (unlikely(!os_atomic_cmpxchgv2o(dg, dg_state,
old_state, new_state, &old_state, relaxed)));
return _dispatch_group_wake(dg, old_state, true);//唤醒
}
//-1 -> 0, 0+1 -> 1,即多次leave,会报crash,简单来说就是enter-leave不平衡
if (unlikely(old_value == 0)) {
DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH((uintptr_t)old_value,
"Unbalanced call to dispatch_group_leave()");
}
}
- 进入
_dispatch_group_wake
源码,do_while循环进行一步命中,调用_dispatch_continuation_async
DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static void
_dispatch_group_wake(dispatch_group_t dg, uint64_t dg_state, bool needs_release)
{
uint16_t refs = needs_release ? 1 : 0; //
if (dg_state & DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_NOTIFS) {
dispatch_continuation_t dc, next_dc, tail;
// Snapshot before anything is notified/woken
dc = os_mpsc_capture_snapshot(os_mpsc(dg, dg_notify), &tail);
do {
dispatch_queue_t dsn_queue = (dispatch_queue_t)dc->dc_data;
next_dc = os_mpsc_pop_snapshot_head(dc, tail, do_next);
_dispatch_continuation_async(dsn_queue, dc,
_dispatch_qos_from_pp(dc->dc_priority), dc->dc_flags);//block任务执行
_dispatch_release(dsn_queue);
} while ((dc = next_dc));//do-while循环,进行异步任务的命中
refs++;
}
if (dg_state & DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_WAITERS) {
_dispatch_wake_by_address(&dg->dg_gen);//地址释放
}
if (refs) _dispatch_release_n(dg, refs);//引用释放
}
- 进入
_dispatch_continuation_async
源码,与异步函数的block回调一致
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_continuation_async(dispatch_queue_class_t dqu,
dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_qos_t qos, uintptr_t dc_flags)
{
#if DISPATCH_INTROSPECTION
if (!(dc_flags & DC_FLAG_NO_INTROSPECTION)) {
_dispatch_trace_item_push(dqu, dc);//跟踪日志
}
#else
(void)dc_flags;
#endif
return dx_push(dqu._dq, dc, qos);//与dx_invoke一样,都是宏
}
dispatch_group_notify 通知
进入dispatch_group_notify
源码,如果old_state==0
,就可以进行释放了,
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_group_notify(dispatch_group_t dg, dispatch_queue_t dq,
dispatch_continuation_t dsn)
{
uint64_t old_state, new_state;
dispatch_continuation_t prev;
dsn->dc_data = dq;
_dispatch_retain(dq);
//获取dg底层的状态标识码,通过os_atomic_store2o获取的值,即从dg的状态码 转成了 os底层的state
prev = os_mpsc_push_update_tail(os_mpsc(dg, dg_notify), dsn, do_next);
if (os_mpsc_push_was_empty(prev)) _dispatch_retain(dg);
os_mpsc_push_update_prev(os_mpsc(dg, dg_notify), prev, dsn, do_next);
if (os_mpsc_push_was_empty(prev)) {
os_atomic_rmw_loop2o(dg, dg_state, old_state, new_state, release, {
new_state = old_state | DISPATCH_GROUP_HAS_NOTIFS;
if ((uint32_t)old_state == 0) { //如果等于0,则可以进行释放了
os_atomic_rmw_loop_give_up({
return _dispatch_group_wake(dg, new_state, false);//唤醒
});
}
});
}
}
dispatch_group_async
进入dispatch_group_async
源码,包装任务和异步处理任务
,底层实际就是enter-leave
#ifdef __BLOCKS__
void
dispatch_group_async(dispatch_group_t dg, dispatch_queue_t dq,
dispatch_block_t db)
{
dispatch_continuation_t dc = _dispatch_continuation_alloc();
uintptr_t dc_flags = DC_FLAG_CONSUME | DC_FLAG_GROUP_ASYNC;
dispatch_qos_t qos;
//任务包装器
qos = _dispatch_continuation_init(dc, dq, db, 0, dc_flags);
//处理任务
_dispatch_continuation_group_async(dg, dq, dc, qos);
}
#endif
- 进入
_dispatch_continuation_group_async
源码,封装了dispatch_group_enter
进组操作
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_continuation_group_async(dispatch_group_t dg, dispatch_queue_t dq,
dispatch_continuation_t dc, dispatch_qos_t qos)
{
dispatch_group_enter(dg);//进组
dc->dc_data = dg;
_dispatch_continuation_async(dq, dc, qos, dc->dc_flags);//异步操作
}
- 搜索
_dispatch_client_callout
的调用,在_dispatch_continuation_with_group_invoke
中
DISPATCH_ALWAYS_INLINE
static inline void
_dispatch_continuation_with_group_invoke(dispatch_continuation_t dc)
{
struct dispatch_object_s *dou = dc->dc_data;
unsigned long type = dx_type(dou);
if (type == DISPATCH_GROUP_TYPE) {//如果是调度组类型
_dispatch_client_callout(dc->dc_ctxt, dc->dc_func);//block回调
_dispatch_trace_item_complete(dc);
dispatch_group_leave((dispatch_group_t)dou);//出组
} else {
DISPATCH_INTERNAL_CRASH(dx_type(dou), "Unexpected object type");
}
总结
-
enter-leave
必须成对出现 -
dispatch_group_enter
底层通过C++函数,对group的value进行--操作(0->-1) -
dispatch_group_leave
底层通过C++函数,对group的value进行++操作(-1 ->0) -
dispatch_group_notify
底层通过判断group的state
是否等于0
,当==0时来进行通知 - block中任务的唤醒可以通过
dispatch_group_leave
和dispatch_group_notify
-
dispatch_group_async
底层得实现就是enter-leave
dispatch_source
基础数据类型
,用于协调特定底层系统事件的处理
代替异步回调函数,来处理系统相关的事件,当配置一个dispatch时,需要制定检测的
事件
,dispatchqueue
,处理事件的代码(block或函数)
,当事件发生时,dispatch source
会提交你的block或函数到queue
中执行-
相对于
dispatch_async
的优势是联结和CPU负荷小
,简单来说就是由你调用dispatch_source_merge_data
函数来向自己发送信号- 联结:在任一线程上调度它的一个函数
dispatch_source_merge_data
,就会执行dispatch source
事先定义好的句柄
(block),这个过程叫做Custom event ,用户事件
- 句柄:
一种指向指针的指针
,指向的就是一个类或者结构,和系统有密切关系- 实例句柄 HINSTANCE
- 位图句柄 HBITMAP
- 设备表句柄 HDC
- 图标句柄 HICON
- 联结:在任一线程上调度它的一个函数
使用
-
type
:dispatch处理的事件 -
handle
:可以理解为句柄、索引或id,假如要监听进程,需要传入进程的ID -
mask
:可以理解为描述,提供更详细的描述,让它知道具体要监听什么 -
queue
:自定义源需要的一个队列,用来处理所有的响应句柄
dispatch_source_t source = dispatch_source_create(dispatch_source_type_t type, uintptr_t handle, unsigned long mask, dispatch_queue_t queue)
Dispatch Source 种类
-
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_DATA_ADD
:自定义的事件,变量增加,当同一时间,一个事件的的触发频率很高,那么Dispatch Source会将这些响应以ADD的方式进行累积,然后等系统空闲时最终处理,如果触发频率比较零散,那么Dispatch Source会将这些事件分别响应。 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_DATA_OR
:自定义的事件,和DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_DATA_ADD一样,但是是以OR的方式进行累积 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_MACH_SEND
:MACH端口发送 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_MACH_RECV
:MACH端口接收 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_MEMORYPRESSURE
:内存压力 (注:iOS8后可用) -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_PROC
:进程监听,如进程的退出、创建一个或更多的子线程、进程收到UNIX信号 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_READ
:IO操作,如对文件的操作、socket操作的读响应 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_SIGNAL
:接收到UNIX信号时响应 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER
:定时器 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_VNODE
:文件状态监听,文件被删除、移动、重命名 -
DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_WRITE
:IO操作,如对文件的操作、socket操作的写响应
常见函数
//挂起队列
dispatch_suspend(queue)
//分派源创建时默认处于暂停状态,在分派源分派处理程序之前必须先恢复
dispatch_resume(source)
//向分派源发送事件,需要注意的是,不可以传递0值(事件不会被触发),同样也不可以传递负数。
dispatch_source_merge_data
//设置响应分派源事件的block,在分派源指定的队列上运行
dispatch_source_set_event_handler
//得到分派源的数据
dispatch_source_get_data
//得到dispatch源创建,即调用dispatch_source_create的第二个参数
uintptr_t dispatch_source_get_handle(dispatch_source_t source);
//得到dispatch源创建,即调用dispatch_source_create的第三个参数
unsigned long dispatch_source_get_mask(dispatch_source_t source);
////取消dispatch源的事件处理--即不再调用block。如果调用dispatch_suspend只是暂停dispatch源。
void dispatch_source_cancel(dispatch_source_t source);
//检测是否dispatch源被取消,如果返回非0值则表明dispatch源已经被取消
long dispatch_source_testcancel(dispatch_source_t source);
//dispatch源取消时调用的block,一般用于关闭文件或socket等,释放相关资源
void dispatch_source_set_cancel_handler(dispatch_source_t source, dispatch_block_t cancel_handler);
//可用于设置dispatch源启动时调用block,调用完成后即释放这个block。也可在dispatch源运行当中随时调用这个函数。
void dispatch_source_set_registration_handler(dispatch_source_t source, dispatch_block_t registration_handler);
使用场景
用于验证码倒计时,因为dispatch_source不依赖于Runloop,而是直接和底层内核交互,准确性更高。
- (void)use033{
//倒计时时间
__block int timeout = 3;
//创建队列
dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
//创建timer
dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0, globalQueue);
//设置1s触发一次,0s的误差
/*
- source 分派源
- start 数控制计时器第一次触发的时刻。参数类型是 dispatch_time_t,这是一个opaque类型,我们不能直接操作它。我们得需要 dispatch_time 和 dispatch_walltime 函数来创建它们。另外,常量 DISPATCH_TIME_NOW 和 DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER 通常很有用。
- interval 间隔时间
- leeway 计时器触发的精准程度
*/
dispatch_source_set_timer(timer,dispatch_walltime(NULL, 0),1.0*NSEC_PER_SEC, 0);
//触发的事件
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{
//倒计时结束,关闭
if (timeout <= 0) {
//取消dispatch源
dispatch_source_cancel(timer);
}else{
timeout--;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//更新主界面的操作
NSLog(@"倒计时 - %d", timeout);
});
}
});
//开始执行dispatch源
dispatch_resume(timer);
}