MATLAB ：【12】手把手教你在Linux以命令行方式（静默方式/非图形化方式）安装MATLAB（正版）

碎碎念：

（我知道我已经鸽了两个月，但是已经攒了很多的稿子没有发）

大家好，由于实验室的服务器中没有提供MATLAB的计算资源（事实证明是我不知道QAQ），在Ubuntu中安装了非图形的MATLAB。

通过参考其他博主的思路，并且利用T大提供的正版资源，中间踩了不少坑，最终实现了非图形化的安装过程。

P.S. 最近在学着录一些技术讲解视频，喜欢的朋友可以看过来哇！（下跪orz）Kirito99的个人空间-Kirito99个人主页-哔哩哔哩视频

目录

1 环境介绍

2 Linux安装MATLAB

2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本

2.2 服务器配置

2.3 MATLAB安装

2.4 MATLAB测试

2.5 配置环境变量

3 参考博客

---

1 环境介绍

我的服务器系统是Linux的Ubuntu并且没有非图形界面。

所安装的版本是MATLAB的R2021a Linux版本，并且使用非图形界面进行启动。

下面具体介绍安装过程~

2 Linux安装MATLAB

2.1 下载对应MATLAB版本

如果是T大的同学可以直接在学校网站下载对应的Linux版本即可，或者可以在网络上找到合适的安装包。

如果是安装到服务器，可以使用xftp将文件上传到 cd ~ 目录下。

或者本地可以直接使用U盘即可。

同时也要同步上传network.lic这个文件，一并放在同一个目录下。

对于T大同学来说，可以在网站的这个地方找到：

 打开后包含如下内容，里面就包含了所需的lic文件。

 将network.lic也上传到根目录：

 同时需要保存好MATLAB安装序列号，T大的在sn.txt文件中，之后会用到。

2.2 服务器配置

使用SSH连接服务器（本地Linux可以忽略），之后进入命令行操作

更新软件库：apt-get update

安装sudo：apt-get install sudo

升级apt-get：sudo apt-get upgrade

注意这一步比较慢（5-10min）

保持旧版本，选2：

输入：sudo apt-get install build-essential

输入：sudo apt-get install yum

选Y

检测yum是否安装成功，输入yum

出现下面表示成功

安装解压缩软件：sudo apt install p7zip-full p7zip-rar

输入Y：

安装x11库：sudo apt-get install -y libx11-dev

安装库：sudo apt-get install xorg-dev

输入Y

至此，就完成了服务器环境的一些配置，之后可以开始安装MATLAB了！

2.3 MATLAB安装

进入根目录：cd ~

查看文件：ls

新建matlab文件夹：mkdir matlab

解压ISO文件到matlab目录：7z x R2021a_Linux.iso -o./matlab

查看解压后的文件

进入目录：cd matlab/

查看文件：ls

出现上述的内容，证明解压成功。

回到根目录：cd ~

创建安装目录：mkdir ~/Matlab_R2021a

创建安装配置文件：touch ~/installer_input.txt

编辑配置文件：vim ~/installer_input.txt

输入i进入编辑模式

在里面输入以下内容：

##################################################################
##
## Use this file to specify parameters required by the installer at runtime.
##
## Instructions for using this file.
##
## 1. Create a copy of this template file and fill in the required
##    information.
##
## 2. Uncomment only those lines that start with a single '#'
##    and set the desired values. All allowed values for the
##    parameters are defined in the comments section for each
##    parameter.
##
## 3. Launch the installer from the command line, using the -inputFile option
##    to specify the name of your installer initialization file.
##
##    (Windows) setup.exe -inputFile 
##    (Linux/macOS) install -inputFile 
##
##################################################################
##
##
## SPECIFY INSTALLATION FOLDER
## 
## Example:
##        (Windows) destinationFolder=C:\Program Files\MATLAB\RXXXX
##        (Linux) destinationFolder=/usr/local/RXXXX
##        (macOS) destinationFolder=/Applications
##
## Set the desired value for destinationFolder and
## uncomment the line.

destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a  

##
## SPECIFY FILE INSTALLATION KEY
##
## Example: fileInstallationKey=xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx.....
##
## Set the desired value for fileInstallationKey and
## uncomment the line.
##

fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX

##
## ACCEPT LICENSE AGREEMENT
##
## You must agree to the license agreement to install MathWorks products.
## The license agreement can be found in the license_agreement.txt file at the
## root level of the installation DVD.
##
## Example: agreeToLicense=yes
##
## Set agreeToLicense value to yes or no and
## uncomment the line.

agreeToLicense=yes

##
## SPECIFY OUTPUT LOG
##
## Specify full path of file into which you want the results of the
## installation to be recorded.
##
## Example:
##            (Windows) outputFile=C:\TEMP\mathworks_.log
##            (Linux/macOS) outputFile=/tmp/mathworks_.log
##
## Set the desired value for outputFile and
## uncomment the line.

outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log 

##
## Enable Login Named User licensing
##
## Set to Yes to enable use of a Login Named User license for all users of this MATLAB installation
## Users must log in to their MathWorks Account when MATLAB starts.
##
## Example: enableLNU=yes
##
## NOTE: This flag is valid in silent installations only.

# enableLNU=yes

##
## IMPROVE MATLAB
##
## Improve MATLAB by sending user experience information to MathWorks.
## Your participation ensures that you are represented and helps us design
## better products. You can opt in or out of this service either during
## installation or by going to MATLAB preferences.
## https://www.mathworks.com/support/faq/user_experience_information_faq.html

improveMATLAB=yes

########## Begin: Options for Network License Types #########
##
## SPECIFY PATH TO LICENSE FILE (Required for network license types only)
##
## This value is required when installing as a Network End-User
## Example:
##            (Windows) licensePath=C:\TEMP\license.dat
##            (Linux) licensePath=/tmp/license.dat
## Set the desired value for licensePath and
## uncomment the line.

licensePath=/root/network.lic 

########## End: Options for Network License Types #########


################# Begin - Windows Only Options ################
## 
## CHOOSE TO SET FILE ASSOCIATIONS
## 
## Set to true if you want the installer to associate file types used by MathWorks
## products to this version of MATLAB, or false if you do not want the installer to
## associate MathWorks file types with this version of MATLAB.
##
## Default value is true.
##
## Set setFileAssoc value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.

# setFileAssoc=true

##
## CHOOSE TO CREATE WINDOWS DESKTOP SHORTCUT
##
## Set to true if you would like the installer to create a desktop shortcut icon
## when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.
##
## Default value is false.
##
## Set desktopShortcut value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.

# desktopShortcut=false

## CHOOSE TO ADD SHORTCUT TO WINDOWS START MENU
##
## Set to true if you would like the installer to create a Start Menu shortcut
## icon when MATLAB is installed or false if you don't want the shortcut created.
##
## Default value is true.
##
## Set startMenuShortcut value to true or false and
## uncomment the line.

# startMenuShortcut=true

## CREATE a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task
##
## The MATLAB Startup Accelerator installer creates a
## system task to preload MATLAB into the system's cache
## for faster startup.
##
## NOTE: By default, a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task will
## automatically be created.
##
## If you want a MATLAB Startup Accelerator task to be created,
## do not edit this section.
##
## Set createAccelTask value to false if you do not want to
## create an Accelerator task and uncomment the line.

# createAccelTask=true

################ End - Windows Only Options ################

## SPECIFY PRODUCTS YOU WANT TO INSTALL
##
## By default, the installer installs all the products and
## documentation for which you are licensed. Products you are not licensed for
## are not installed, even if they are listed here.
##
## Note:
## 1. To automatically install all your licensed products, do not edit
##    any lines in this section.
## 
## 2. To install a specific product or a subset of products for
##    which you are licensed, uncomment the line for the product(s) you want
##    to install.

#product.5G_Toolbox
#product.AUTOSAR_Blockset
#product.Aerospace_Blockset
#product.Aerospace_Toolbox
#product.Antenna_Toolbox
#product.Audio_Toolbox
#product.Automated_Driving_Toolbox
#product.Bioinformatics_Toolbox
#product.Communications_Toolbox
#product.Computer_Vision_Toolbox
#product.Control_System_Toolbox
#product.Curve_Fitting_Toolbox
#product.DDS_Blockset
#product.DO_Qualification_Kit
#product.DSP_System_Toolbox
#product.Data_Acquisition_Toolbox
#product.Database_Toolbox
#product.Datafeed_Toolbox
#product.Deep_Learning_HDL_Toolbox
#product.Deep_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Econometrics_Toolbox
#product.Embedded_Coder
#product.Filter_Design_HDL_Coder
#product.Financial_Instruments_Toolbox
#product.Financial_Toolbox
#product.Fixed-Point_Designer
#product.Fuzzy_Logic_Toolbox
#product.GPU_Coder
#product.Global_Optimization_Toolbox
#product.HDL_Coder
#product.HDL_Verifier
#product.IEC_Certification_Kit
#product.Image_Acquisition_Toolbox
#product.Image_Processing_Toolbox
#product.Instrument_Control_Toolbox
#product.LTE_Toolbox
#product.Lidar_Toolbox
#product.MATLAB
#product.MATLAB_Coder
#product.MATLAB_Compiler
#product.MATLAB_Compiler_SDK
#product.MATLAB_Parallel_Server
#product.MATLAB_Production_Server
#product.MATLAB_Report_Generator
#product.MATLAB_Web_App_Server
#product.Mapping_Toolbox
#product.Mixed-Signal_Blockset
#product.Model_Predictive_Control_Toolbox
#product.Model-Based_Calibration_Toolbox
#product.Motor_Control_Blockset
#product.Navigation_Toolbox
#product.OPC_Toolbox
#product.Optimization_Toolbox
#product.Parallel_Computing_Toolbox
#product.Partial_Differential_Equation_Toolbox
#product.Phased_Array_System_Toolbox
#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder
#product.Polyspace_Bug_Finder_Server
#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover
#product.Polyspace_Code_Prover_Server
#product.Powertrain_Blockset
#product.Predictive_Maintenance_Toolbox
#product.RF_Blockset
#product.RF_Toolbox
#product.ROS_Toolbox
#product.Radar_Toolbox
#product.Reinforcement_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Risk_Management_Toolbox
#product.Robotics_System_Toolbox
#product.Robust_Control_Toolbox
#product.Satellite_Communications_Toolbox
#product.Sensor_Fusion_and_Tracking_Toolbox
#product.SerDes_Toolbox
#product.Signal_Processing_Toolbox
#product.SimBiology
#product.SimEvents
#product.Simscape
#product.Simscape_Driveline
#product.Simscape_Electrical
#product.Simscape_Fluids
#product.Simscape_Multibody
#product.Simulink
#product.Simulink_3D_Animation
#product.Simulink_Check
#product.Simulink_Code_Inspector
#product.Simulink_Coder
#product.Simulink_Compiler
#product.Simulink_Control_Design
#product.Simulink_Coverage
#product.Simulink_Design_Optimization
#product.Simulink_Design_Verifier
#product.Simulink_Desktop_Real-Time
#product.Simulink_PLC_Coder
#product.Simulink_Real-Time
#product.Simulink_Report_Generator
#product.Simulink_Requirements
#product.Simulink_Test
#product.SoC_Blockset
#product.Spreadsheet_Link
#product.Stateflow
#product.Statistics_and_Machine_Learning_Toolbox
#product.Symbolic_Math_Toolbox
#product.System_Composer
#product.System_Identification_Toolbox
#product.Text_Analytics_Toolbox
#product.UAV_Toolbox
#product.Vehicle_Dynamics_Blockset
#product.Vehicle_Network_Toolbox
#product.Vision_HDL_Toolbox
#product.WLAN_Toolbox
#product.Wavelet_Toolbox
#product.Wireless_HDL_Toolbox

其中的

destinationFolder=/root/Matlab_R2021a，

outputFile=/root/matlab_install.log 

licensePath=/root/network.lic 

需要注意填写绝对路径而不是相对路径。

其中的

fileInstallationKey=XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX

需要自己注意修改为对应的安装序列号（T大同学可以在sn.txt中找到自己版本对应的序列号）~

输入完成后，点击Esc退出编辑

输入   :wq   保存结果

修改安装配置文件的权限：sudo chmod 444 ~/installer_input.txt

进入解压后的文件夹：cd matlab

修改文件的权限：chmod a+x -R ./*

返回~目录：运行 cd ~

进入安装路径文件夹：cd Matlab_R2021a

修改文件的权限：chmod a+x -R ./

返回~目录：运行 cd ~

开始安装：sudo matlab/install -inputFile ./installer_input.txt    

这一步需要等待一段时间（20min左右）。

可以再开一个端口查看log文件里面的进度。

2.4 MATLAB测试

运行matlab：~/Matlab_R2022a/bin/matlab

证明安装成功。

如果提示需要激活，运行同目录下的激活文件：~/Matlab_R2022a/bin/activate_matlab.sh

即可。

2.5 配置环境变量

编辑配置：vim ~/.bashrc

在最后添加文字（第二行主要是设置自动运行非图形界面）：

export PATH="/root/ Matlab_R2021a/bin:$PATH"

alias matlab='/root/Matlab_R2021a/bin/matlab -nodesktop -nodisplay'

输入Esc，退出编辑模式

输入 :wq，保存并退出

更新配置：source ~/.bashrc

再次测试，直接输入matlab：

安装成功！

3 参考博客

非常感谢@Δεν ξέρω提供的帮助

Linux无图形界面安装matlab（正版）_linux matlab激活_Δεν ξέρω的博客-CSDN博客

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这就是本期的全部内容啦，如果你喜欢我的文章，不要忘了点赞+收藏+关注，分享给身边的朋友哇~