c# MODBUS协议 上位机 (转载)

C#写了一款上位机监控软件,基于MODBUS_RTU协议。 软件的基本结构:

  1. 采用定时器(Timer控件)为时间片。
  2. 串口采用serialPort1_DataReceived中断接收,并进行MODBUS格式判断。
  3. 把正确接收的数据取出,转换为有特定的结构体中。
  4. 数据通过时间片实时刷新。
  5. MODBUS协议(这里不介绍了,网上有很多的权威资料)。

 

  串口接收问题

这里采用的是MODBUS_RTU协议,是没有回车等明显的结束符的哈。所以在C#也不可以用serialPort1.ReadLine来读取。我用的是serialPort1.BytesToRead先读缓冲区中的数据个数,再通过个数据读数据。这样在用串口软件测试的时候确实很有用,再随之问题又出现了。下位机传上来的数据长度高出8个,就会分断接收。即接收到的两次的长度,第一次是8个,然后再接收到后面的。 原因是因为软件没有接收完一整帧数据后就进行了中断。解决方法:在中断中加入线程阻塞方法,然后再读取串口中的数据。

  发送读数据和发送写数据的结构

c# MODBUS协议 上位机 (转载)_第1张图片

 

写了多个MODBUS协议的上位机后,总结了些经验,并将这部分程序封装在一个类中。

使用时只需对其接口函数调用即可,有很强的移植性。在写软件时不用再在协议这部分花太多的时间。

基本的使用方法在注释中。程序总体感觉 可能过于臃肿,希望各位大神批评指点。

以下是源代码:

/*
  * MODBUS协议
  *
  *
  * 介绍:
  * 此modbus上位机 协议类 具有较强的通用性
  * 本协议类最主要的思想是 把所有向下位机发送的指令 先存放在缓冲区中(命名为管道)
  * 再将管道中的指令逐个发送出去。
  * 管道遵守FIFO的模式。管道中所存放指令的个数 在全局变量中定义。
  * 管道内主要分为两部分:1,定时循环发送指令。2,一次性发送指令。
  * 定时循环发送指令:周期性间隔时间发送指令,一般针对“输入寄存器”或“输入线圈”等实时更新的变量。
  * 这两部分的长度由用户所添加指令个数决定(所以自由性强)。
  * 指令的最大发送次数,及管道中最大存放指令的个数在常量定义中 可进行设定。
  *
  * 使用说明:
  * 1,首先对所定义的寄存器或线圈进行分组定义,并定义首地址。
  * 2,在MBDataTable数组中添加寄存器或线圈所对应的地址。 注意 寄存器:ob = new UInt16()。线圈:ob = new byte()。
  * 3,对所定义的地址 用属性进行定义 以方便在类外进行访问及了解所对应地址的含义。
  * 4,GetAddressValueLength函数中 对使用说明的"第一步"分组 的元素个数进行指定。
  * 5,在主程序中调用MBConfig进行协议初始化(初始化内容参考函数)。
  * 6,在串口中断函数中调用MBDataReceive()。
  * 7,定时器调用MBRefresh()。(10ms以下)
  *    指令发送间隔时间等于实时器乘以10。 例:定时器5ms调用一次  指令发送间隔为50ms。
  * 8,在主程序初始化中添加固定实时发送的指令操作 用MBAddRepeatCmd函数。
  * 9,在主程序运行过程中 根据需要添加 单个的指令操作(非固定重复发送的指令)用MBAddCmd函数。
  *
  *
  * 作者:王宏强
  * 时间:2012.7.2
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
  *
 */
 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Windows.Forms;
 using System.IO.Ports;
 
 namespace WindowsApplication1
 {
 
     public class Modbus
     {
         #region 所用结构体
         ///


         /// 地址对应表元素单元
         ///

         public struct OPTable{
             public volatile int addr;
             public volatile byte type;
             public volatile object ob;
         };
         ///
         /// 当前的指令
         ///

         public struct MBCmd
         {
             public volatile int addr;           //指令首地址
             public volatile int stat;           //功能码
             public volatile int len;            //所操作的寄存器或线圈的个数
             public volatile int res;            //返回码的状态, 0:无返回,1:正确返回
         };
         ///
         /// 当前操作的指令管道
         ///

         public struct MBSci
         {
             public volatile MBCmd[] cmd;             //指令结构体
             public volatile int index;               //当前索引
             public volatile int count;               //当前功能码执行的次数
             public volatile int maxRepeatCount;      //最大发送次数
             public volatile int rtCount;             //实时读取的指令各数(无限间隔时间读取)
         };
         #endregion
 
         #region 常量定义
         public const byte MB_READ_COILS = 0x01;             //读线圈寄存器
         public const byte MB_READ_DISCRETE = 0x02;          //读离散输入寄存器
         public const byte MB_READ_HOLD_REG = 0x03;          //读保持寄存器
         public const byte MB_READ_INPUT_REG = 0x04;         //读输入寄存器
         public const byte MB_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL = 0x05;      //写单个线圈
         public const byte MB_WRITE_SINGLE_REG = 0x06;       //写单寄存器
         public const byte MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS = 0x0f;   //写多线圈
         public const byte MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS = 0x10;    //写多寄存器
 
         private const int MB_MAX_LENGTH = 120;               //最大数据长度
         private const int MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT = 15;             //指令管道最大存放的指令各数
         private const int MB_MAX_REPEAT_COUNT = 3;           //指令最多发送次数
         #endregion
 
         #region 全局变量
         private static volatile bool sciLock = false;                       //调度器锁 true:加锁  false:解锁
         private static volatile byte[] buff = new byte[MB_MAX_LENGTH];      //接收缓冲器
         private static volatile int buffLen = 0;
         private static volatile byte[] rBuff = null;                  //正确接收缓冲器
         private static volatile byte[] wBuff = null;                     //正确发送缓冲器
         public static MBSci gMBSci = new MBSci() { cmd = new MBCmd[MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT], index = 0, maxRepeatCount = MB_MAX_REPEAT_COUNT, rtCount = 0, count = 0 };
         private static SerialPort comm = null;
         private static int mbRefreshTime = 0;
         #endregion
 
         #region MODBUS 地址对应表
         //modbus寄存器和线圈分组 首地址定义
         public const int D_DIO = 0x0000;
         public const int D_BASE = 0x0014;
         public const int D_RANGE = 0x0018;
         public const int D_PWM = 0x001A;
         public const int D_PID = 0x001E;
 
         ///
         /// 变量所对应的地址 在此位置
         ///

         public static volatile OPTable[] MBDataTable =
         {
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO,         type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},      //0
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO + 1,     type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO + 2,     type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO + 3,     type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO + 4,     type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_DIO + 5,     type = MB_READ_INPUT_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
 
             new OPTable(){addr = D_BASE,        type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},        //6
             new OPTable(){addr = D_BASE + 1,    type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_BASE + 2,    type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_BASE + 3,    type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
 
             new OPTable(){addr = D_RANGE,       type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},        //10
             new OPTable(){addr = D_RANGE + 1,   type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
 
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PWM,         type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},        //12
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PWM + 1,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PWM + 2,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PWM + 3,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new Int16()},
 
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID,         type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},        //16
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID + 1,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID + 2,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID + 3,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID + 4,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
             new OPTable(){addr = D_PID + 5,     type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG,      ob = new UInt16()},
 
         };
         public static UInt16 gDioX { get { return Convert.ToUInt16(MBDataTable[0].ob); } set { MBDataTable[0].ob = value; } }
         public static UInt16 gDioY { get { return Convert.ToUInt16(MBDataTable[1].ob); } set { MBDataTable[1].ob = value; } }
         public static UInt16 gDioZ { get { return Convert.ToUInt16(MBDataTable[2].ob); } set { MBDataTable[2].ob = value; } }
         public static UInt16 gDioD { get { return Convert.ToUInt16(MBDataTable[3].ob); } set { MBDataTable[3].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gDioXx { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[4].ob); } set { MBDataTable[4].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gDioXy { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[5].ob); } set { MBDataTable[5].ob = value; } }
 
         public static Int16 gBaseF1 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[6].ob); } set { MBDataTable[6].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gBaseF2 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[7].ob); } set { MBDataTable[7].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gBaseF3 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[8].ob); } set { MBDataTable[8].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gBaseF4 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[9].ob); } set { MBDataTable[9].ob = value; } }
 
         public static Int16 gRangeMax { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[10].ob); } set { MBDataTable[10].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gRangeMin { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[11].ob); } set { MBDataTable[11].ob = value; } }
 
         public static Int16 gPwmF1 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[12].ob); } set { MBDataTable[12].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gPwmF2 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[13].ob); } set { MBDataTable[13].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gPwmF3 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[14].ob); } set { MBDataTable[14].ob = value; } }
         public static Int16 gPwmF4 { get { return (Int16)Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[15].ob); } set { MBDataTable[15].ob = value; } }
 
         public static float gP
         {
             get
             {
                 int tmp = (Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[16].ob) & 0xFFFF) | ((Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[17].ob) & 0xFFFF) << 16);
                 byte[] arr = BitConverter.GetBytes(tmp);
                 return BitConverter.ToSingle(arr, 0);
             }
             set
             {
                 byte[] val = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
                 MBDataTable[16].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 0);
                 MBDataTable[17].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 2);
             }
         }
         public static float gI
         {
             get
             {
                 int tmp = (Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[18].ob) & 0xFFFF) | ((Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[19].ob) & 0xFFFF) << 16);
                 byte[] arr = BitConverter.GetBytes(tmp);
                 return BitConverter.ToSingle(arr, 0);
             }
             set
             {
                 byte[] val = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
                 MBDataTable[18].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 0);
                 MBDataTable[19].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 2);
             }
         }
         public static float gD
         {
             get
             {
                 int tmp = (Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[20].ob) & 0xFFFF) | ((Convert.ToInt32(MBDataTable[21].ob) & 0xFFFF) << 16);
                 byte[] arr = BitConverter.GetBytes(tmp);
                 return BitConverter.ToSingle(arr, 0);
             }
             set
             {
                 byte[] val = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
                 MBDataTable[20].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 0);
                 MBDataTable[21].ob = BitConverter.ToUInt16(val, 2);
             }
         }
 
         public static UInt16 gNode = 100;
         public static UInt16 gBaud = 38400;
         ///
         /// 获取寄存器或线圈 分组后的成员各数
         ///

         /// 首地址
         /// 成员各数
         private static int GetAddressValueLength(int addr)
         {
             int res = 0;
             switch (addr)
             {
                 case D_DIO: res = 6; break;
                 case D_BASE: res = 4; break;
                 case D_RANGE: res = 2; break;
                 case D_PWM: res = 4; break;
                 case D_PID: res = 6; break;
                 default: break;
             }
             return res;
         }
         ///
         /// 获取地址所对应的数据
         ///

         /// 地址
         /// 类型
         /// 获取到的数据
         private static object GetAddressValue(int addr, byte type)
         {
             switch (type)       //功能码类型判断
             {
                 case MB_READ_COILS:
                 case MB_READ_DISCRETE:
                 case MB_READ_HOLD_REG:
                 case MB_READ_INPUT_REG: break;
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS: type = MB_READ_DISCRETE; break;
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_REG:
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS: type = MB_READ_HOLD_REG; break;
                 default: return null;
             }
 
             for (int i = 0; i < MBDataTable.Length; i++)
             {
                 if (MBDataTable[i].addr == addr)
                 {
                     if (MBDataTable[i].type == type)
                     {
                         return MBDataTable[i].ob;
                     }
                 }
             }
             return null;
         }
         ///
         /// 设置地址所对应的数据
         ///

         /// 地址
         /// 类型
         /// 数据
         /// 是否成功
         private static object SetAddressValue(int addr, byte type, object data)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < MBDataTable.Length; i++)
             {
                 if (MBDataTable[i].addr == addr)
                 {
                     if (MBDataTable[i].type == type)
                     {
                         MBDataTable[i].ob = data;
                         return true;
                     }
                 }
             }
             return null;
         }
         ///
         /// 获取一连串数据
         ///

         /// 首地址
         /// 功能码
         /// 长度
         /// 转换后的字节数组
         private static byte[] GetAddressValues(int addr, byte type, int len)
         {
             byte[] arr = null;
             object obj;
             byte temp;
             int temp2;
 
             switch (type)
             {
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
                     arr = new byte[(len % 8 == 0) ? (len / 8) : (len / 8 + 1)];
                     for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
                     {
                         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                         {   //获取地址所对应的数据 并判断所读数据 是否被指定,有没被指定的数据 直接返回null
                             obj = GetAddressValue(addr + i * 8 + j, MB_READ_COILS);
                             if (obj == null)
                                 return null;
                             else
                                 temp = Convert.ToByte(obj);
                             arr[i] |=  (byte)((temp == 0? 0 : 1) << j);
                         }
                     }
                     break;
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS:
                     arr = new byte[len * 2];
                     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                     {
                         obj = GetAddressValue(addr + i, MB_READ_HOLD_REG);
                         if (obj == null)
                             return null;
                         else
                             temp2 = Convert.ToInt32(obj);
                         arr[i * 2] = (byte)(temp2 >> 8);
                         arr[i * 2 + 1] = (byte)(temp2 & 0xFF);
                     }
                     break;
                 default: break;
             }
             return arr;
         }
         #endregion
 
         #region 校验
         private static readonly byte[] aucCRCHi = {
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
             0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40
         };
         private static readonly byte[] aucCRCLo = {
             0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7,
             0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E,
             0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09, 0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9,
             0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC,
             0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
             0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32,
             0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D,
             0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38,
             0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF,
             0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
             0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1,
             0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4,
             0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB,
             0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA,
             0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
             0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0,
             0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97,
             0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E,
             0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89,
             0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
             0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83,
             0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40
         };
         ///
         /// CRC效验
         ///

         /// 效验数据
         /// 数据长度
         /// 效验结果
         public static int Crc16(byte[] pucFrame, int usLen)
         {
             int i = 0;
             byte ucCRCHi = 0xFF;
             byte ucCRCLo = 0xFF;
             UInt16 iIndex = 0x0000;
 
             while (usLen-- > 0)
             {
                 iIndex = (UInt16)(ucCRCLo ^ pucFrame[i++]);
                 ucCRCLo = (byte)(ucCRCHi ^ aucCRCHi[iIndex]);
                 ucCRCHi = aucCRCLo[iIndex];
             }
             return (ucCRCHi << 8 | ucCRCLo);
         }
 
         #endregion
 
         #region 发送指命操作
         ///
         /// 首部分数据 node:节点
         ///

         /// 寄存器地址
         /// 数据长度,或单个数据
         ///
         ///
         private static byte[] SendTrainHead(int node, int addr, int len, byte stat)
         {
             byte[] head = new byte[6];
 
             head[0] = Convert.ToByte(node);
             head[1] = stat;
             head[2] = (byte)(addr >> 8);
             head[3] = (byte)(addr & 0xFF);
             head[4] = (byte)(len >> 8);
             head[5] = (byte)(len & 0xFF);
 
             return head;
         }
         ///
         /// 计算数据长度 并在0x0f,0x10功能下 加载字节数
         ///

         ///
         ///
         ///
         ///
         private static byte[] SendTrainBytes(byte[] arr, ref int len, byte stat)
         {
             byte[] res;
             switch (stat)
             {
                 default: len = 0; break;
 
                 case MB_READ_COILS:
                 case MB_READ_DISCRETE:
                 case MB_READ_HOLD_REG:
                 case MB_READ_INPUT_REG:
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_REG:
                     len = 0;
                     break;
 
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
                     len = (len % 8 == 0) ? (len / 8) : (len / 8 + 1);
                     res = new byte[arr.Length + 1];
                     arr.CopyTo(res, 0);
                     res[arr.Length] = (byte)(len);
                     arr = res;
                     break;
 
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS:
                     len *= 2;
                     res = new byte[arr.Length + 1];
                     arr.CopyTo(res, 0);
                     res[arr.Length] = (byte)len;      //把字节写入数据最后位置
                     arr = res;
                     break;
 
             }
             return arr;
         }
         ///
         /// 主控方式  发送指令模板
         ///

         /// 节点
         /// 数据
         /// 地址
         /// 变量各数
         /// 功能码
         ///
         private static byte[] SendTrainCyclostyle(int node, byte[] data, int addr, int con, byte stat)
         {
             int crcVal = 0;
             byte[] headData = SendTrainHead(node, addr, con, stat);                   //写首部分数据
             byte[] headDataLen = SendTrainBytes(headData, ref con, stat);       //计算数据的长度,有字节则写入。
             byte[] res = new byte[headDataLen.Length + con + 2];
 
             headDataLen.CopyTo(res, 0);
 
             if ((stat == MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS) || (stat == MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS))
                 Array.Copy(data, 0, res, headDataLen.Length, con);                   //把数据复制到数据中
 
             crcVal = Crc16(res, res.Length - 2);
             res[res.Length - 2] = (byte)(crcVal & 0xFF);
             res[res.Length - 1] = (byte)(crcVal >> 8);
 
             return res;
         }
         ///
         /// 封装发送数据帧
         ///

         /// 从机地址
         /// 指令信息
         ///
         private static byte[] SendPduPack(int node, MBCmd cmd)
         {
             byte[] res = null;
             switch (cmd.stat)
             {
                 case MB_READ_COILS:
                 case MB_READ_DISCRETE:
                 case MB_READ_HOLD_REG:
                 case MB_READ_INPUT_REG:
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_REG:
                     res = SendTrainCyclostyle(node, null, cmd.addr, cmd.len, (byte)cmd.stat); break;
 
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS:
                     byte[] data = GetAddressValues(cmd.addr, (byte)cmd.stat, cmd.len);
                     res = SendTrainCyclostyle(node, data, cmd.addr, cmd.len, (byte)cmd.stat); break;
             }
             return res;
         }
         #endregion
 
         #region 回传数据操作
         ///
         /// 存储回传的线圈
         ///

         /// 回传的数组
         /// 首地址
         /// 存储是否正确
         private static bool ReadDiscrete(byte[] data, int addr)
         {
             bool res = true;
             int len = data[2];
 
             if (len != (data.Length - 5))  //数据长度不正确 直接退出
                 return false;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
             {
                 for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
                 {
                     if (SetAddressValue(addr + i * 8 + j, data[1], data[i + 3] & (0x01 << j)) == null)
                     {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
             }
             return res;
         }
         ///
         /// 读回传的寄存器
         ///

         /// 回传的数组
         /// 首地址
         /// 存储是否正确
         private static bool ReadReg(byte[] data, int addr)
         {
             bool res = true;
             int len = data[2];
 
             if (len != (data.Length - 5))  //数据长度不正确 直接退出
                 return false;
 
             for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2)
             {
                 if (SetAddressValue(addr + i / 2, data[1], (data[i + 3] << 8) | data[i + 4]) == null)
                 {
                     res = false;
                     break;
                 }
             }
             return res;
         }
         ///
         /// 回传的数据处理
         ///

         /// 回传的整帧数据
         /// 当前所操作的首地址
         ///
         private static bool ReceiveDataProcess(byte[] buff, int addr)
         {
             if (buff == null)
                 return false;
             if (buff.Length < 5)    //回传的数据 地址+功能码+长度+2效验 = 5字节
                 return false;
 
             bool res = true;
             switch (buff[1])
             {
                 case MB_READ_COILS: ReadDiscrete(buff, addr); break;
                 case MB_READ_DISCRETE: ReadDiscrete(buff, addr); break;
                 case MB_READ_HOLD_REG: ReadReg(buff, addr); break;
                 case MB_READ_INPUT_REG: ReadReg(buff, addr); break;
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_COIL:
                 case MB_WRITE_SINGLE_REG:
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS:
                 case MB_WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGS: break;
                 default: res = false; break;
             }
             return res;
         }
         #endregion
 
         #region 收发调度
         ///
         /// 添加重复操作指令
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         /// 所添加指令的首地址
         /// 所添加指令的寄存器或线圈个数
         /// 所添加指令的功能码
         private static void SciAddRepeatCmd(ref MBSci sci, int addr, int len, int stat)
         {
             if (sci.rtCount >= MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT - 1)  //超出指令管道最大长度 直接退出
                 return;
             if (len == 0)                               //地址的数据长度为空 直接退出
                 return;
 
             sci.cmd[sci.rtCount].addr = addr;
             sci.cmd[sci.rtCount].len = len;
             sci.cmd[sci.rtCount].stat = stat;
             sci.cmd[sci.rtCount].res = 0;
             sci.rtCount++;
         }
         ///
         /// 添加一次性操作指令
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         /// 所添加指令的首地址
         /// 所添加指令的寄存器或线圈个数
         /// 所添加指令的功能码
         private static void SciAddCmd(ref MBSci sci, int addr, int len, int stat)
         {
             if (len == 0)                               //地址的数据长度为空 直接退出
                 return;
 
             for (int i = sci.rtCount; i < MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT; i++)
             {
                 if (sci.cmd[i].addr == -1)      //把指令载入到空的管道指令上
                 {
                     sci.cmd[i].addr = addr;
                     sci.cmd[i].len = len;
                     sci.cmd[i].stat = stat;
                     sci.cmd[i].res = 0;
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
         ///
         /// 清空重复读取指令集
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         private static void SciClearRepeatCmd(ref MBSci sci)
         {
             sci.rtCount = 0;
         }
         ///
         /// 清空一次性读取指令集
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         private static void SciClearCmd(ref MBSci sci)
         {
             for (int i = sci.rtCount; i < MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT; i++)
             {
                 sci.cmd[i].addr = -1;
                 sci.cmd[i].len = 0;
                 sci.cmd[i].res = 0;
             }
         }
         ///
         /// 跳到下一个操作指令
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         private static void SciJumbNext(ref MBSci sci)
         {
             if (sci.index >= sci.rtCount)           //非实时读取地址会被清除
             {
                 sci.cmd[sci.index].addr = -1;
                 sci.cmd[sci.index].len = 0;
                 sci.cmd[sci.index].stat = 0;
             }
 
             do{
                 sci.index++;
                 if (sci.index >= MB_SCI_MAX_COUNT)    //超出指令最大范围
                 {
                     sci.index = 0;
                     if (sci.rtCount == 0)               //如果固定实时读取 为空 直接跳出
                         break;
                 }
 
             } while (sci.cmd[sci.index].addr == -1);
             sci.cmd[sci.index].res = 0;             //本次返回状态清零
         }
         ///
         /// 发送指令调度锁定
         ///

         public static void SciSchedulingLock()
         {
             sciLock = true;
         }
         ///
         /// 发送指令调度解锁
         ///

         public static void SciSchedulingUnlock()
         {
             sciLock = false;
         }
         ///
         /// 待发送的指令管道调度
         ///

         /// 待发送的指命管道
         /// 收到正确的回传数据
         /// 准备发送的指令数据
         private static void SciScheduling(ref MBSci sci, ref byte[] rBuf, ref byte[] wBuf)
         {
             if (sciLock)   //如果被加锁 直接退出
                 return;
 
             if ((sci.cmd[sci.index].res != 0) || (sci.count >= sci.maxRepeatCount))
             {
                 sci.count = 0;       //发送次数清零
                 if (sci.cmd[sci.index].res != 0)    //如果收到了正常返回
                 {
                     ReceiveDataProcess(rBuf, sci.cmd[sci.index].addr);     //保存数据
                     rBuf = null;        //清空当前接收缓冲区的内容, 以防下次重复读取
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     //参数操作失败
                 }
 
                 SciJumbNext(ref sci);
             }
             wBuf = SendPduPack((int)gNode, sci.cmd[sci.index]);     //发送指令操作
             sci.count++;                            //发送次数加1
         }
         ///
         /// 快速刷新 处理接收到的数据   建议:10ms以下
         ///

         /// 所正确回传数据的功能码, null:回传不正确
         private static int MBQuickRefresh()
         {
             int res = -1;
             if (rBuff != null)
             {
                 SciSchedulingLock();
                 if (ReceiveDataProcess(rBuff, gMBSci.cmd[gMBSci.index].addr) == true)
                 {
                     gMBSci.cmd[gMBSci.index].res = 1;   //标记 所接收到的数据正确
                     res = gMBSci.cmd[gMBSci.index].stat;
                 }
                 rBuff = null;
                 SciSchedulingUnlock();
             }
             return res;
         }
         ///
         /// 调度间隔时间刷新        建议:50ms以上
         ///

         /// 封装好的协议帧
         private static void MBSchedRefresh()
         {
             SciScheduling(ref gMBSci, ref rBuff, ref wBuff);
             if (wBuff != null)
                 comm.Write(wBuff, 0, wBuff.Length);
         }
 
         #endregion
 
         #region 接口函数
         ///
         /// 清空存放一次性的指令空间
         ///

         public static void MBClearCmd()
         {
             SciClearCmd(ref gMBSci);
         }
         ///
         /// 添加固定刷新(重复) 操作指令
         ///

         /// 地址
         /// 功能码
         public static void MBAddRepeatCmd(int addr, byte stat)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < GetAddressValueLength(addr); i++ )
                 if (GetAddressValue(addr, stat) == null)        //如果所添加的指令没有在MODBUS对应表中定义 直接退出
                     return;
             SciAddRepeatCmd(ref gMBSci, addr, GetAddressValueLength(addr), stat);
         }
         ///
         /// 添加一次性 操作指令
         ///

         ///
         ///
         public static void MBAddCmd(int addr, byte stat)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < GetAddressValueLength(addr); i++)
                 if (GetAddressValue(addr, stat) == null)        //如果所添加的指令没有在MODBUS对应表中定义 直接退出
                     return;
             SciAddCmd(ref gMBSci, addr, GetAddressValueLength(addr), stat);
         }
         ///
         /// 串口参数配置
         ///

         /// 所用到的串口
         ///
         ///
         public static void MBConfig(SerialPort commx, UInt16 node, UInt16 baud)
         {
             gBaud = baud;
             gNode = node;
             comm = commx;
             SciClearRepeatCmd(ref gMBSci);
             SciClearCmd(ref gMBSci);
         }
         ///
         /// 读取串口中接收到的数据
         ///

         /// 所用到的串口
         public static void MBDataReceive()
         {
             if (comm == null)                       //如果串口没有被初始化直接退出
                 return;
             SciSchedulingLock();
             System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);      //等待缓冲器满
 
             buffLen = comm.BytesToRead;          //获取缓冲区字节长度
             if (buffLen > MB_MAX_LENGTH)            //如果长度超出范围 直接退出
             {
                 SciSchedulingUnlock();
                 return;
             }
             comm.Read(buff, 0, buffLen);            //读取数据
             if (gMBSci.cmd[gMBSci.index].stat == buff[1])
             {
                 if (Crc16(buff, buffLen) == 0)
                 {
                     rBuff = new byte[buffLen];
                     Array.Copy(buff, rBuff, buffLen);
                 }
             }
             SciSchedulingUnlock();
         }
         ///
         /// MODBUS的实时刷新任务,在定时器在实时调用此函数
         /// 指令发送间隔时间等于实时器乘以10。 例:定时器5ms调用一次  指令发送间隔为50ms。
         ///

         /// 返回当前功能读取指令回传 的功能码
         public static int MBRefresh()
         {
             if (sciLock)   //如果被加锁 直接退出
                 return 0;
 
             mbRefreshTime++;
             if (mbRefreshTime > 10)
             {
                 mbRefreshTime = 0;
                 MBSchedRefresh();
             }
             return MBQuickRefresh();
         }
         #endregion
 
 
     }
 
 }

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