pxc高可用数据库集群

一、PXC 介绍

1.1 PXC 简

PXC 是一套 MySQL 高可用集群解决方案,与传统的基于主从复制模式的集群架构相比 PXC 最突出特点就是解决了诟病已久的数据复制延迟问题,基本上可以达到实时同步。而且节点与节点之间,他们相互的关系是对等的。PXC 最关注的是数据的一致性,对待事物的行为时,要么在所有节点上执行,要么都不执行,它的实现机制决定了它对待一致性的行为非常严格,这也能非常完美的保证 MySQL 集群的数据一致性;

1.2 PXC特性和优点
  • 完全兼容 MySQL,部署简单

  • 没有主从切换操作,无需使用vip

  • 同步复制,事务要么在所有节点提交或不提交。

  • 多主复制,可以在任意节点进行写操作。

  • 多线程复制,在从服务器上并行应用事件,真正意义上的并行复制。

  • 节点自动配置,数据强一致性,不再是异步复制,无同步延迟

  • 故障切换:因为支持多点写入,所以在出现数据库故障时可以很容易的进行故障切换。

  • 自动节点克隆:在新增节点或停机维护时,增量数据或基础数据不需要人工手动备份提供,galera cluster会自动拉取在线节点数据,集群最终会变为一致;

1.3 PXC的局限和劣势
  • 复制只支持InnoDB 引擎,其他存储引擎的更改不复制

  • 写入效率取决于节点中最慢的一台

1.4 PXC 常用服务端口
  • 3306:数据库对外服务的端口号。

  • 4444:请求SST的端口。(SST :State Snapshot Tansfer 全量同步)

  • 4567:组成员之间进行沟通的一个端口号

  • 4568:用于传输IST。(SST :Incremental State Tansfer 增量同步)

二.搭建pxc集群

2.1环境准备
  • 下载相关包

pxc安装包

  • centos7 4台

    192.168.1.4 lv1-4

    192.168.1.5 lv1-5

    192.168.1.6 lv1-6

    192.168.1.7 lv1-7

2.2 安装
  • 解压(以lv1-4为例)
]#tar -xf /root/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.30-31.43-r546-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar
]# ls
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57-debuginfo-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-devel-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-full-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-garbd-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-compat-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-test-57-5.7.30-31.43.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  • 下载percona-release配置Percona源
]# yum -y install https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm percona-release enable-only tools release
  • 安装pxc
]# yum -y install *.rpm
  • 改配置
    修改 /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id=1    #每个节点要不同
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so   #指定Galera库的路径
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc #Galera集群的名称
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.1.4,192.168.1.5,192.168.1.6  #Galera集群中各节点地址。
binlog_format=ROW #二进制日志的格式。#Galera只支持row格式的二进制日志
default_storage_engine=InnoDB #指定默认存储引擎。Galera的复制功能只支持InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2  #只能设置为2,设置为0或1时会无法正确处理死锁问题
wsrep_node_name=node1 #本节点在Galera集群中的名称
wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.4  #本节点在Galera集群中的通信地址
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2  #state_snapshot_transfer(SST)使用的传输方法,可用方法有mysqldump、rsync和xtrabackup,前两者在传输时都需要对Donor加全局只读锁(FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK),xtrabackup则不需要(它使用percona自己提供的backup lock)。强烈建议采用xtrabackup
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:tarena" #在SST传输时需要用到的认证凭据,格式为:"用户:密码"

三 .启动与停止

  • 开启第一个节点
]# systemctl start [email protected]

登陆mysql

]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 
2020-07-11T08:22:42.090695Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: SV alter user root@localhost identified by "123qqq...A";
mysql> grant all on *.* to lisi@'%' identified by "123qqq...A";
mysql> flush privileges;

启动其他节点

]# systemctl start mysql          //其他节点直接启动mysql服务就行

检查端口

[root@pxc1 ~]# ss -ntlup | grep 3306 
tcp    LISTEN     0      80     [::]:3306               [::]:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=5689,fd=29))
[root@pxc1 ~]# ss -ntlup | grep 4567 
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:4567                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=5689,fd=11))

查看集群状态:

[root@pxc3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123qqq...A
查看集群启动状态
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_ready';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready   | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看集群节点个数
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3     |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
查看更多wsrep的相关参数
mysql> show status like "%wsrep%";
+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                    | Value                                                 |
+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid           | 410b2dd4-c981-11ea-a5ab-e324b17a3373                  |
| wsrep_protocol_version           | 9                                                     |
| wsrep_last_applied               | 9                                                     |
| wsrep_last_committed             | 9                                                     |
| wsrep_replicated                 | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_keys                  | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes            | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes            | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_received                   | 4                                                     |
| wsrep_received_bytes             | 614                                                   |
| wsrep_local_commits              | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_replays              | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max       | 1                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg       | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max       | 2                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min       | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg       | 0.250000                                              |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto        | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns     | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused        | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent          | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv          | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_flow_control_interval      | [ 173, 173 ]                                          |
| wsrep_flow_control_interval_low  | 173                                                   |
| wsrep_flow_control_interval_high | 173                                                   |
| wsrep_flow_control_status        | OFF                                                   |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance         | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_apply_oooe                 | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_apply_oool                 | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_apply_window               | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_commit_oooe                | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_commit_oool                | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_commit_window              | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_local_state                | 4                                                     |
| wsrep_local_state_comment        | Synced                                                |
| wsrep_cert_index_size            | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_cert_bucket_count          | 22                                                    |
| wsrep_gcache_pool_size           | 1320                                                  |
| wsrep_causal_reads               | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_cert_interval              | 0.000000                                              |
| wsrep_open_transactions          | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_open_connections           | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_ist_receive_status         |                                                       |
| wsrep_ist_receive_seqno_start    | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_ist_receive_seqno_current  | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_ist_receive_seqno_end      | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses         | 192.168.1.52:3306,192.168.1.51:3306,192.168.1.50:3306 |
| wsrep_cluster_weight             | 3                                                     |
| wsrep_desync_count               | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_evs_delayed                |                                                       |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list             |                                                       |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency           | 0.00159522/0.00253514/0.00345095/0.000738718/4        |
| wsrep_evs_state                  | OPERATIONAL                                           |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid                 | 066eed39-c990-11ea-95f0-e65674cf258e                  |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id            | 3                                                     |
| wsrep_cluster_size               | 3                                                     |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid         | 410b2dd4-c981-11ea-a5ab-e324b17a3373                  |
| wsrep_cluster_status             | Primary                                               |
| wsrep_connected                  | ON                                                    |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts            | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_local_index                | 0                                                     |
| wsrep_provider_name              | Galera                                                |
| wsrep_provider_vendor            | Codership Oy                      |
| wsrep_provider_version           | 3.43(ra60e019)                                        |
| wsrep_ready                      | ON                                                    |
+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
71 rows in set (0.01 sec)
集群停止
  • 关闭第一台启动的节点
    ]# systemctl stop [email protected]
  • 其他节点
    ]# systemctl stop mysql
    若关闭集群式,严格意义是没有先后顺序,
  • 再次启动
    要优先先启动上次关闭时最后关闭的节点
    ]# systemctl start [email protected]
    ]# systemctl start mysql

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