自动化管理服务器

ansbile和应用模块

1、ansible

ssh批量管理如何一键完成:一秒完成

一键完成的命令

1、ssh-keygen 非交互式创建密钥对:

具体命令:ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa P ' ' -q

参数讲解:[-P old_passphrase] 密码

[-f output_keyfile] 输出的密钥文件

[-q] 不输出信息

[-t dsa] 指定密钥类型

2、ssh-copy-id不需要提示yes/no分发秘钥

具体命令:ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no 172.16.1.8

参数讲解:

ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root172.16.1.8

ssh-copy-id [-f] [-i [identity_file]] [-p port] [[-o ] ...] [user@]hostname

说明:

-f: force mode 强制

[-i [identity_file]] 指定秘钥文件

[[-o ] ...] 指定ssh参数选项。

3、sshpass工具:指定密码非人工交互分发密钥

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7

root@web02 ~]# sshpass -help

Usage: sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7

sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters

参数讲解:

-p password Provide password as argument (security unwise) #指定用户密码操作

4.一键配置实践

把web02作为分发服务器:

web02(8)-->m01(61)

web02(8)-->web01(7)

ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' -q

ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.7

!/bin/bash

yum install sshpass -y

ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' -q

for ip in 7 61

do

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip

done

test

ssh 172.16.1.7 "ifconfig eth0"

ssh 172.16.1.61 "ifconfig eth0"

1、ansible 介绍

ssh秘钥认证+脚本批量管理,特点:简单、实用,

但是看起来比较LOW,需要人工写脚本,类似实时复制的inotify工具。

2013以前这种方式很普遍。

MySQL高可用 MHA集群,要求所有机器互相秘钥认证。

大数据集群也需要

2、批量管理工具历史

SSH+脚本 CFEngine、Puppet、saltstack 、ansible

08年以前 07-08年 10-13年 14-17(python开发) 16-(python开发)

sina网

3、为什么用ansible?

简单、方便、容易学习、功能同样强大。

ansible有配置文件,可以多线程直接实现。不需要写脚本,类似实时复制的sersync。

4、什么是ansible

ansible是一个用来远程管理服务器的工具软件。

ansilbe是一个用来批量部署远程主机上服务的工具。这里“远程主机(Remote Host)”是指任

何可以通过SSH登录的主机,所以它既可以是远程虚拟机或物理机,也可以是本地主机。

Ansible通过SSH协议实现管理节点与远程节点之间的通信。理论上来说,只要能通过SSH登录到

远程主机来完成的操作,都可以通过Ansible实现批量自动化操作。

涉及管理操作:复制文件、安装服务、服务启动停止管理、配置管理等等。

5、为什么要用批量管理工具运维?

提高效率,百度几万台服务器。阿里几十万台服务器

如何省钱?

SSD+ASTA 热点存储

6、ansible特点

ansible基于Python语言实现,有paramiko和PyYAML两个关键模块构建。

Shell和Python是Linux运维学员必会的两门语言。

1)安装部署过程特别简单,学习曲线很平坦。

2)不需要单独安装客户端,只是利用现有的SSHD服务(协议)即可。

3)不需要服务端(no servers)。

4)ansible playbook,采用yaml配置,提前编排自动化任务。

5)ansible功能模块较多,对于自动化的场景支持丰富。

官方:http://docs.ansible.com

7、ansible架构介绍

1、连接插件connectior plugins用于连接主机 用来连接被管理端

2、核心模块 core modules 连接主机实现操作, 它依赖于具体的模块来做具体的事情

3、自定义模块 custom modules,根据自己的需求编写具体的模块

4、插件 plugins,完成模块功能的补充

5、剧本 playbooks,ansible的配置文件,将多个任务定义在剧本中,由ansible自动执行

6、主机清单 inventor,定义ansible需要操作主机的范围

最重要的一点是 ansible是模块化的 它所有的操作都依赖于模块

(懂Python可以二次开发)

8、ansbile实践环境

61(m01)====>31(nfs01)

61(m01) ====>41(backup)

9、安装ansbile

m01管理机:

yum install epel-release -y

yum install ansible -y

如果有libselinux-python就不执行下面的命令了。

rpm -qa |grep libselinux-python

yum install libselinux-python -y

其他所有机器:

rpm -qa |grep libselinux-python

yum install libselinux-python -y

10、主机列表配置

ssh列表实现方法:

for n in 7 8

do

echo 172.16.1.$n

done

/etc/ansible/hosts主机资产清单文件,用于定义被管理主机的认证信息,

例如ssh登录用户名、密码以及key相关信息。如何配置Inventory文件

1.主机支持主机名通配以及正则表达式,例如web[1:3].oldboy.com代表三台主机

2.主机支持基于非标准的ssh端口,例如web1.oldboyedu.com:6666

3.主机支持指定变量,可对个别主机的特殊配置,如登陆用户\密码

4.主机组支持指定变量[group_name:vars],同时支持嵌套组[game:children]

实践开始:

cp /etc/ansible/hosts{,.ori}

cat >/etc/ansible/hosts<

[oldboy]

172.16.1.31

172.16.1.41

[oldgirl]

172.16.1.31

172.16.1.41

172.16.1.51

EOF

cat /etc/ansible/hosts

/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg #ansible的配置文件

11、实践必会

直接执行如下命令会报错

ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

基于SSH秘钥认证的前提下:

如果没有做SSH秘钥认证,可以把用户名密码写到

/etc/ansible/hosts

[oldboy_pass]

172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m" 要想成功,先解决yes/no的问题。

1、ssh连接一遍。

2、ssh -o 参数

上述命令就是sshpass的封装

==========================================

ansible关闭ssh首次连接时yes/no提示

使用ssh连接时,可以使用-o参数将StrictHostKeyChecking设置为no,

避免使用ssh连接时避免首次连接时让输入yes/no部分的提示。

方法1:修改 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg中的374行

369 [ssh_connection]

370

371 # ssh arguments to use

372 # Leaving off ControlPersist will result in poor performance, so use

373 # paramiko on older platforms rather than removing it, -C controls compression use

374 #ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s

374行改为:

ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no

方法2:修改 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg中的71行

70 # uncomment this to disable SSH key host checking

71 #host_key_checking = False

71行的注释取消:host_key_checking = False

==========================================

[root@m01 /server/scripts]# > ~/.ssh/known_hosts

[root@m01 /server/scripts]# ssh 172.16.1.31

The authenticity of host '172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? ^C

[root@m01 /server/scripts]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 88 592 13 291 708

Swap: 767 0 767

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 89 572 13 310 706

Swap: 767 0 767

目标:ansible是不是需要免秘钥认证(ssh免秘钥认证)? yes

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts

[oldboy]

172.16.1.31

172.16.1.7

还原ansible.cfg配置,重启服务器

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

The authenticity of host '172.16.1.7 (172.16.1.7)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? The authenticity of host '172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qZSBkrmOv7xO/63qOU1uLXkPyNVHdkqvrNAcAmXqNEk.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:23:d0:cb:a9:f4:7c:0b:eb:2d:07:00:e1:a3:12:d8:33.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

解决yes/no不需要输入问题:

修改ansible.cfg 374行:

ssh_args = -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no

在执行报错:

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.7 | UNREACHABLE! => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,password).",

"unreachable": true

}

172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.31' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",

"unreachable": true

}

解决公钥问题:

ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' -q

for ip in 7

do

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip

done

test

ssh 172.16.1.7 "ifconfig eth0"

执行ansible命令:

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",

"unreachable": true

}

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 69 807 7 95 771

Swap: 767 0 767

for ip in 31

do

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip

done

test

ssh 172.16.1.31 "ifconfig eth0"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 69 807 7 95 771

Swap: 767 0 767

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 71 804 7 96 768

Swap: 767 0 767

验证:删除公钥,是不是不可以了?

重启后,不行,重启前可以

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.7 | UNREACHABLE! => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.7' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,password).",

"unreachable": true

}

172.16.1.31 | UNREACHABLE! => {

"changed": false,

"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Could not create directory '/root/.ssh'.\r\nWarning: Permanently added '172.16.1.31' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).",

"unreachable": true

}

修改Host增加用户和密码:

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts

[oldboy]

172.16.1.31

172.16.1.7

[oldboy_pass]

172.16.1.31 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

结果:

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy_pass -m command -a "free -m"

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 79 791 7 101 758

Swap: 767 0 767

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 972 69 806 7 95 771

Swap: 767 0 767

结论:使用SSH连接:

密码认证 host里主机后面加密码 Paramiko模块 重点:

秘钥认证:提前发公钥,才能用ansible. SSHPASS工具

http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_inventory.html#list-of-behavioral-inventory-parameters

特殊端口:

[oldboy]

172.16.1.7 ansible_port=52113 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

172.16.1.8 ansible_port=52113 ansible_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

12.基于SSH秘钥认证的实践

一键创建及分发秘钥:

!/bin/bash

ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' -q

for ip in 7 8 41 31

do

sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no" 172.16.1.$ip

done

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts

[oldboy]

172.16.1.31

172.16.1.41

172.16.1.7

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m" #和前面sh cmd.sh "free -m"

11.ansible命令参数

-m MODULE_NAME, 模块名字,默认command

-a MODULE_ARGS, 模块参数

-f FORKS 并发进程数,默认5个。

-i INVENTORY(default=/etc/ansible/hosts)指定主机列表文件

===================

ansible

ansible-doc

ansible-playbook

ansible-galaxy

===================

12.ansible模块查看和帮助*****

查找模块

ansible-doc -l #模块就Linux命令了。

查看某个模块的具体参数帮助

ansible-doc -s command #Linux命令参数

12.1 command模块 *****

1)功能说明:

command Executes a command on a remote node

功能说明:执行一个命令在远程节点上

操作实践:

ansible oldboy -m command -a "free -m"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "df -h"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "ls /root"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat redhat-release"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"

最通用的功能。

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/redhat-release"

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

[root@m01 ~]# cat /server/scripts/cmd.sh

for n in 31 41

do

echo "=====172.16.1.$n======"

ssh 172.16.1.1"

done

[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/cmd.sh "cat /etc/redhat-release"

=====172.16.1.31======

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

=====172.16.1.41======

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

特殊:不支持的东西,例如 > < | &等 $HOME,替代方案用shell模块

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep ssh"

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "echo oldboy >/tmp/a.log"

2)常用参数说明及实践

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s command

  • name: Executes a command on a remote node

command:

argv: # Allows the user to provide the command as a list vs. a string. Only the

string or the list form can be provided, not

both. One or the other must be provided.

chdir: # Change into this directory before running the command.

creates: # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step

won't be run.

free_form: # (required) The command module takes a free form command to run. There is no

parameter actually named 'free form'. See the

examples!

removes: # A filename or (since 2.0) glob pattern. If it already exists, this step will be run.

stdin: # Set the stdin of the command directly to the specified value.

warn: # If command_warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about this particular

line if set to `no'.

参数:chdir=/tmp配置相当于cd /tmp

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "cd /etc/;pwd"

参数:creates=/etc 相当于条件测试 [ -e /etc ]||pwd 和下面removes相反

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd creates=/etc"

参数:removes=/root 相当于条件测试 [ -e /root ]&&ls /root

ansible oldboy -m command -a "ls /root removes=/root"

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "[ -d /etc ]||pwd"

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "cat /etc/hosts removes=/etc/hosts"

参数:warn=False 忽略警告

[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 000 /etc/hosts warn=False"

更多官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/command_module.html或ansible-doc -s command

=====================================================================================

项目实践:

rsync服务器端:31、41

rsync客户端:7、8

实现:从7推送文件到31,从8推送文件到41.

shell模块:实现上面

12.2 script模块功能说明:

功能说明:在远程节点上运行本地脚本

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/script_module.html

远端可以没有脚本,本地有就行:

[root@m01 /server/scripts]# cat setup.sh

pwd

ls /root

for n in {1..100}

do

echo $n >>/tmp/oldboy.log

done

执行:

ansible oldboy -m script -a "/server/scripts/setup.sh"

项目实践作业:

写好rsync一键客户端配置,一键服务端配置。

12.3 copy模块功能说明:

copy模块功能说明:

功能说明:复制文件到远程主机

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/copy_module.html

ansible oldboy -m copy -a "src=/server dest=/ mode=ugo+x group=root owner=root"

ansible oldboy -m copy -a "src=/server/scripts/setup dest=/server/scripts mode=ugo+x group=root owner=root backup=yes"

12.4 shell模块功能说明:

功能说明:执行一个命令在远程节点上

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/shell_module.html

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "free -m|grep buffer"

远程执行脚本:脚本必须在远端存在

ansible oldboy -m shell -a "/bin/bash /server/scripts/setup.sh"

项目实践作业:

1、写好rsync一键客户端配置,一键服务端配置。

2、写好nfs一键服务端端配置,一键客户端挂载,并且加到自启动文件里(/etc/rc.local,/etc/fstab)。

步骤:

1、远端命令行非交互实现

echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy

2、所有步骤放在脚本里实现。

3、管理机上远程执行。

ssh /bin/sh /server/scripts/ins.sh

知识----能力-----价值-----金钱

学习方法:

学习能力

解决思路

任何问题有方法。

12.5 file模块功能说明:

功能说明:设置文件属性

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/file_module.html

================================================================

替代方案:

ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 777 /etc/hosts warn=false"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "chmod 644 /etc/hosts warn=false"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "chown oldboy /etc/hosts warn=false"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "chown root /etc/hosts warn=false"

创建目录:mkdir /tmp/oldboy_dir

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory"

递归设置权限:

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory mode=644 recurse=yes"

创建文件:touch /tmp/oldboy_file

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"

删除文件:rm -f /tmp/oldboy_file

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=absent"

创建链接文件:ln -s /etc/hosts /tmp/link_file

ansible oldboy -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/link_file state=link"

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=000"

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"

12.5 yum模块功能说明:

功能说明:yum包管理模块

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/yum_module.html

ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"

[root@nfs01 oldboy_dir]# rpm -qa nginx

nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64

不要用yum卸载,用rpm -e卸载。

12.6 service模块功能说明:

功能说明:启动停止服务

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/service_module.html

相当于

service crond stop|/etc/init.d/crond stop

chkconfig crond off

ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=stop enabled=no"

相当于/etc/init.d/crond start

chkconfig crond on

ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

ansible oldboy -m command -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

有选择才叫有能力。

足球场上,让拿球队员有选择,就容易进球。

不让对方有选择,就得人盯人。

12.7 cron模块功能说明:

功能说明:管理定时任务条目信息模块

官方链接:http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/cron_module.html

定时任务格式:

          • CMD

创建定时任务:

ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"

结果:

Ansible: sync time

00 00 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1

添加如下定时任务:

05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1

命令如下:

ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' minute=05 hour=03 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1'"

结果:

Ansible: backup data

05 03 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/backup.sh /server/scripts/list >/dev/null 2>&1

删除定时任务:

ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='backup data' state=absent"

剧本篇

12.8 playbook

把所有ansible命令放在文件里执行就是playbook。

playbook替代方案1:

[root@m01 ~]# cat ansible.sh

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch"

ansible oldboy -m file -a "dest=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch owner=oldboy group=oldboy mode=ugo=rwx"

ansible oldboy -m yum -a "name=nginx state=installed"

ansible oldboy -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"

ansible oldboy -m cron -a "name='sync time' minute=00 hour=00 job='/usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1'"

playbook替代方案2:

[root@m01 ~]# cat ~/set.sh

touch /tmp/oldboy_file

chown oldboy.oldboy /tmp/oldboy_file

yum install nginx -y

/etc/init.d/crond start

chkconfig cornd on

echo '#sync time oldboy' >>/var/spool/cron/root

echo '00 00 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov >/dev/null 2>&1' >>/var/spool/cron/root

执行:

ansible oldboy -m script -a "~/set.sh"

ansible剧本编写格式说明

ansible剧本遵循PYyaml语法规则进行编写,ymal文件基本编写规则如下说明:

规则一:缩进

yaml使用一个固定的缩进风格表示数据层结构关系,需要每个缩进级别由两个空格组成。切记一定不能使用tab键进行缩进。

规则二:冒号

每个冒号后面一定要有一个空格(以冒号结尾不需要空格,表示文件路径的模版可以不需要空格)

规则三:短横线

想要表示列表项,使用一个短横杠加一个空格。多个项使用同样的缩进级别作为同一个列表的一部分

  • name: This command will change the working directory to somedir/ and will only run when /path/to/database doesn't exist.

command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2

args:

chdir: somedir/

creates: /path/to/database

[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/a.yml

  • hosts: oldboy

tasks:

  • shell: echo hello oldboy linux. >/tmp/a.log

ansible oldboy -m command -a "echo hello oldboy linux."

=========写成剧本

  • hosts: oldboy

task:

  • command: echo hello oldboy linux.

=========写成剧本

ansible oldboy -m command -a "pwd chdir=/etc"

  • hosts: oldboy

task:

  • command: echo hello oldboy linux.

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