docker使用

如果是linux系统，安装docker-ce可参考：
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/docker-ce/
配置国内镜像：

查询官方镜像内容，查看镜像的详细信息：
https://hub.docker.com/search?q=alpine&type=image

测试hello-world:

docker run hello-world

#查看版本：
docker version
#查看正在运行的镜像：
docker ps

#查看镜像日志
docker logs

#查看详细信息，镜像地址
docker info 

#查看已经安装的镜像
docker images

#运行命令
docker run 

-d：后台运行
-it：命令行交互
-p：端口映射

docker run -it alpine sh

配置alpine的国内镜像源：

#阿里云
sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories
#科大镜像源：
sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apk/repositories
#安装vim
apk --update add vim

apk是alpine下面管理包的命令，相关命令：

/ # apk -h
apk-tools 2.10.1, compiled for x86_64.

Installing and removing packages:
  add       Add PACKAGEs to 'world' and install (or upgrade) them, while ensuring that all dependencies are met
  del       Remove PACKAGEs from 'world' and uninstall them

System maintenance:
  fix       Repair package or upgrade it without modifying main dependencies
  update    Update repository indexes from all remote repositories
  upgrade   Upgrade currently installed packages to match repositories
  cache     Download missing PACKAGEs to cache and/or delete unneeded files from cache

Querying information about packages:
  info      Give detailed information about PACKAGEs or repositories
  list      List packages by PATTERN and other criteria
  dot       Generate graphviz graphs
  policy    Show repository policy for packages

Repository maintenance:
  index     Create repository index file from FILEs
  fetch     Download PACKAGEs from global repositories to a local directory
  verify    Verify package integrity and signature
  manifest  Show checksums of package contents

Use apk  --help for command-specific help.
Use apk --help --verbose for a full command listing.

This apk has coffee making abilities.
/ #

官方文档：
https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/?utm_source=docker4win_17.06.0-ce-win19&utm_medium=docs&utm_campaign=referral

安装mariadb：

docker pull mariadb/server:10.3

运行mariadb:

制定映射端口，root密码，还有别名（可用来起停、重启等操作）：

docker run --name mariadbtest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mypass -d -p 3307:3307 mariadb/server:10.3

启动、停止、重新启动：

docker start mariadbtest
docker stop mariadbtest
docker restart mariadbtest

删除所有容器和镜像的命令:

docker rm `docker ps -a |awk '{print $1}' | grep [0-9a-z]` 删除停止的容器
docker rmi $(docker images | awk '/^/ { print $3 }')

查看mariadb分配的IP地址：

docker inspect --format {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} mariadbtest

命令行进入mariadb，注意exec和run的区别：

docker exec -it mariadb bash

#删除容器，镜像还在，容器都是镜像的实例：
docker rm mariadbtest

#删除docker为mariadb创建的文件数据等
docker rm -v mariadbtest

linux下面有可能不能使用stop或者restart命令，需要执行以下命令：

sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove apparmor
sudo service docker restart
docker system prune --all --volumes

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/installing-and-using-mariadb-via-docker/

所有命令：

C:\Users\admin>docker

Usage:  docker COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default
                           "C:\Users\admin\.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
      --help               Print usage
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level
                           ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")
                           (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default
                           "C:\Users\admin\.docker\ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default
                           "C:\Users\admin\.docker\cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default
                           "C:\Users\admin\.docker\key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  checkpoint  Manage checkpoints
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  deploy      Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

删除已经退出的容器：
windows下面：
You could create a batch (.bat) file with these commands in it:

@ECHO OFF
FOR /f "tokens=*" %%i IN ('docker ps -q') DO docker stop %%i

If you want to run this command directly in the console, replace %%i with %i, like:

FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('docker ps -q') DO docker stop %i

In Git Bash or Bash for Windows you could run:

docker stop $(docker ps -q)

参考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48813286/stop-all-docker-containers-at-once-on-windows
官方入门:
https://github.com/docker/labs/tree/master/beginner
laravel开发环境:
https://github.com/laradock/laradock
http://laradock.io/

美团容器架构:
https://tech.meituan.com/2018/11/15/docker-architecture-and-evolution-practice.html

https://tech.meituan.com/tags/docker.html